Current Medical Research and Opinion最新文献

{"title":"Perioperative and periprocedural management of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors: narrative review and the STOP-GAP and STOP DKA-2 algorithms.","authors":"Ronald M Goldenberg, Jeremy D Gilbert, Robyn L Houlden, Tayyab S Khan, Sapna Makhija, C David Mazer, Jill Trinacty, Subodh Verma","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2458538","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2458538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The GLP-1 receptor-based agonists (GLP-1RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are major twenty first century breakthroughs in diabetes and obesity medicine but there are important safety considerations regarding the perioperative and periprocedural management of individuals who are treated with these agents. GLP-1RAs have been linked to an increased risk of retained gastric contents and pulmonary aspiration while SGLT2i can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. This manuscript provides a narrative review of the available evidence for perioperative and periprocedural risks in people prescribed GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i. The authors provide expert opinion-driven recommendations and algorithms on how to safely manage GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i under perioperative/periprocedural settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"403-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine in synergy with conventional therapy improves renal outcomes and provides survival benefit in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study from the largest health care system in Taiwan.","authors":"Chen-Ying Wei, Chiao-Hsuan Chu, Hsuan-Shu Shen, Po-Chuan Ko, Jiun-Liang Chen, Han-Hua Yu","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2478160","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2478160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder that significantly impacts renal function. Despite conventional treatments, morbidity and mortality remain high, necessitating the exploration of safer and more effective therapies, including the potential benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for improving kidney health and survival rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with newly diagnosed SLE with catastrophic illness certificate were retrospectively enrolled from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) between 2005 and 2020. Patients were stratified into groups based on TCM treatment post-diagnosis. Outcomes measured included end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and all-cause mortality, using Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier analysis for statistical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10,462 newly diagnosed SLE patients, 1,831 had received at least 28 days of TCM treatment, while 7,966 had not received TCM treatment. After propensity score matching, there were equally 1,831 individuals in each group, with no significant baseline differences in age, sex, biochemical profiles, or comorbidities. TCM usage was associated with a significantly reduced rate of ESRD over a 0.5-year follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.07-0.80, <i>p</i> = .02), with a trend that persisted over 5 years. The TCM group's proteinuria was significantly lower than that of the non-TCM group at various time points post-index date, including 6 months (174.98 mg vs. 248.09 mg, <i>p</i> <.001), 1 year (161.05 mg vs. 303.03 mg, <i>p</i> <.001), 3 years (150.26 mg vs. 250 mg, <i>p</i> = .03), and 10 years (147.06 mg vs. 190.75 mg, <i>p</i> = .03). After adjusting for confounding covariates, TCM users had a significantly decreased risk of mortality (aHR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating TCM with conventional treatment could lower risk of ESRD and mortality, highlighting the potential for a more holistic approach to patient care for SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"559-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanced discussion about bilastine as a truly non-sedating antihistamine.","authors":"Amalia Leceta, Kazuhiro Yanai","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2480190","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2480190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"455-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical burden of late-onset, clinically significant CMV infection beyond 100 days in allo-HSCT patients after letermovir prophylaxis.","authors":"Rika Ohkubo, Junko Hattori","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2470733","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2470733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Letermovir (LET) is effective for preventing cytomegalovirus infection (CMVi) and CMV disease in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, clinically significant (cs)-CMVi can occur after LET cessation. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical burden of late-onset cs-CMVi in patients who had received LET following allo-HSCT in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Japan Medical Data Center health insurance claims database was interrogated for adult patients who had received LET ≤100 days after allo-HSCT (May 28, 2018, to December 31, 2022). Cohorts 1 and 2 (primary analyses) comprised cs-CMVi-positive and -negative patients, respectively, followed for ≥180 days after the first cs-CMVi-related claim; Cohorts 3 and 4 (exploratory analysis) included patients meeting Cohort 1 or 2 criteria, respectively, but without follow-up duration limitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data for 155 patients (Cohort 1, <i>n</i> = 47; Cohort 2, <i>n</i> = 108) were analyzed. cs-CMVi rates were higher in patients at high (<i>n</i> = 72) versus low risk (<i>n</i> = 83) of CMVi (43.4% vs 15.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.0003), with no difference in frequency of CMV disease. In Cohort 1, median time from 100 days post-transplantation to first cs-CMVi was 35.0 days. Rates of hospital admissions were higher in Cohort 1 versus Cohort 2 (<i>p</i> = 0.0061), and mean duration of anti-CMV drug prescription was longer in high- versus low-risk patients (<i>p</i> = 0.0024). New-onset graft-versus-host disease occurred ≥101 days post-transplantation in three patients (all Cohort 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the great burden of late-onset cs-CMVi in patients after allo-HSCT. Extended LET prophylaxis beyond 100 days post-transplant may benefit especially those at high risk of cs-CMVi.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"461-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Part D Senior Savings Model on racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare costs.","authors":"Chi Chun Steve Tsang, Xiangjun Zhang, Ashley Ellis, Jessie Jiaqi Zeng, Junling Wang","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2479780","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2479780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services tested the Part D Senior Savings Model (\"PDSS Model\") in 2021, capping monthly out-of-pocket (OOP) insulin costs at $35. Diabetes disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities compared to their non-Hispanic White (White) counterparts, so this study compared the changes in racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare costs among insulin users between Medicare and non-Medicare populations in 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2020-2021). The intervention group comprised Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65, while the comparison group included a near-elderly non-Medicare population. The study outcomes included annual OOP/total costs in 2021 dollars for insulin, medication, health services (medical), and overall healthcare. A difference-in-differences-in-differences approach was employed to assess the PDSS Model's effects between White and each racial/ethnic minority group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted sample included 1,056,386 insulin users (53.89% intervention). In 2020, among the intervention group, non-Hispanic Black (Black) and Hispanic had similar or higher insulin costs than White patients. Black-White differences in OOP insulin costs were lowered more among the intervention group (cost ratio [CR] = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.06-0.22) than the comparison group. Black-White differences in OOP costs for medication, health services, and overall healthcare widened more among the intervention group by 61-64%. These patterns were not seen for other racial/ethnic disparities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among insulin users, Black may have benefited more from the PDSS Model than White patients, which may be associated with enhanced insulin access and lower needs for other healthcare. Future studies should examine the long-term and heterogeneous impact of the PDSS Model.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"431-440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A population-based study of incident prescribing for hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension in Scotland: is the healthcare system recovering from the impact of COVID-19?","authors":"Amanj Kurdi, Morven Millar, Uchenna Nnabuko, Stuart McTaggart, Tanja Mueller, Euan Proud, Barry Melia, Marion Bennie","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2482674","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2482674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in healthcare services, with previous studies estimated that the early months of the pandemic led to a substantial decline in new prescriptions for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. The long-term recovery of healthcare systems in addressing these gaps remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the recovery of the healthcare system in Scotland regarding the initiation of treatments for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension post-COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analysed prescription data from January 2020 to December 2022 in Scotland, as well as In-hours encounters with general practitioners. Incident prescribing patterns for drugs used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were compared against pre-pandemic averages from 2018 to 2019. Data were stratified by health regions and socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New treatment initiations for drugs used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension significantly increased from mid-2021 onwards, surpassing pre-pandemic levels. By December 2022, there were approximately 40,000 and 60,000 additional new treatments for drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, respectively, compared to the expected numbers based on 2018-2019 averages. The stratified analysis showed a relatively higher increase in less deprived quintiles. GP encounter activities mirrored trends in new antihypertensive and lipid-lowering initiations, with a significant reduction starting in March 2020 due to the first COVID-19 lockdown. Encounter rates gradually recovered from May 2020, reaching near pre-pandemic levels by March 2021. Notably, the encounter rate slopes during the reference period (2018-2019) and post-recovery phase (May 2021-December 2022) showed no significant difference [-0.7 (95% CI: -4.0, 2.5) vs. 0.9 (95% CI: -3.1, 4.9)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed increase in new treatments for drugs to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertension suggests recovery of the healthcare system in Scotland following the COVID-19 pandemic. These higher prescribing rates post-pandemic hypothesise potential long-term sequelae associated with COVID-19. The findings demonstrate the potential for improved pharmacotherapy strategies that address both the backlog of untreated cases and new-onset conditions linked to COVID-19. This underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and flexible healthcare responses to manage emerging health challenges effectively. Additionally, our findings suggest novel research areas that could offer a more comprehensive understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on the prescribing patterns of these widely used medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"447-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and mitigation of metabolic bone disease and cardiac adverse events throughout the prostate cancer pathway: clinical review and practical recommendations.","authors":"Lawrence Drudge-Coates, Patrick Davey, Julia Murray, Qizhi Huang, Elena Lopez-Guadamillas, Janet Brown","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2470755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2470755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some current prostate cancer (PCa) treatment regimens are known to have adverse effects on bone, for example androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and on cardiovascular health, for example ADT and antiandrogen therapy. Strengthened recommendations for the practical assessment and management of bone and cardiovascular health in men with PCa are needed. This review aims to provide practical guidance for healthcare providers along the continuum of patient care on the management of bone and cardiovascular health in men with PCa undergoing ADT and antiandrogen therapy based on real-world evidence. Evidence was identified by searching PubMed for publications that reported the effects of PCa treatment on bone or cardiovascular health in a real-world setting and were published between January 2017 and August 2023. Review articles were excluded. The evidence identified indicates that ADT decreases bone mineral density (BMD) and increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Bone-protecting agents (BPAs) are effective at improving bone health in patients undergoing ADT and antiandrogen therapy at all stages of the PCa pathway. Despite this, the use and timing of initiation of BPAs are variable. Furthermore, real-world studies have confirmed an association between ADT and cardiovascular risk. As survival outcomes improve, maintenance of bone and cardiovascular health is increasingly important in men with PCa. Risk is a continuous variable that must be assessed throughout the continuum of PCa treatment. Therefore, all men starting ADT should be assessed for bone and cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle adjustments, dietary supplementation and pharmacological intervention may be advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"495-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and eradication effect of vonoprazan and high-dose amoxicillin dual therapy in CagA⁺VacA⁺ <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infected patients.","authors":"Yongkang Chen, Manli Pan, Kunfeng Yan, Lei Chen, Zhenxing Li, Gongchao Yu, Qingyu Zhang, Xiaorong Dai","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2479791","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2479791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>HP</i>) eradication rates are higher by treated with the potassium-competitive acid blocker vonorasan than with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Herein, this study analyzed the clinical efficacy of vonoprazan combined with high-dose amoxicillin for dual therapy in personalized eradication of <i>HP</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis included 452 patients with type I <i>HP</i> who were assigned to the observation and control groups. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) antibodies were detected using the <i>H. pylori</i> antibody typing classification assay kit by Western blot. The control group underwent PPI quadruple therapy (oral administration of esomeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and colloidal bismuth subcitrate). The observation group was treated with vonoprazan combined with high-dose amoxicillin orally. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 14 days of treatment, and adverse reactions during treatment were compared. The eradication rates for different <i>HP</i> types in the two groups were detected using a ¹³C-urea breath test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference between the control and observation groups in sex, age, BMI, disease duration, smoking history, or drinking history. The observation group exhibited higher total effective rates and better eradication effects than the control group. The CagA⁺, VacA⁺, or CagA⁺VacA⁺ type patients showed no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse reactions, but the observation group showed a lower total incidence of adverse reactions than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vonoprazan combined with high-dose amoxicillin has better clinical efficacy and eradication effect for patients with CagA⁺VacA⁺ <i>HP</i>, along with reduced adverse reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"535-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An international modified Delphi consensus study on the optimal diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFpEF.","authors":"A Sindone, M Abdelhamid, W Almahmeed, J A de Figueiredo Neto, A Jordan-Rios, Y Lopatin, H Sümbül, J C Youn, C E Chiang","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2480736","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2480736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The global burden of HFpEF is high and, despite developments in available therapies, patient outcomes have not improved significantly. This study aimed to explore the optimal approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFpEF and to develop recommendations on how guideline directed medical therapy can be introduced in a more equitable and universal manner.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a modified Delphi methodology led by an independent facilitator, a steering group of healthcare practitioners with experience of managing HFpEF identified 41 Likert scale statements across five main domains of focus. This generated an online survey distributed by a third-party provider using a convenience sampling approach to HCPs with experience managing patients with HFpEF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 213 responses were analyzed with 35/41 statements attaining very strong (≥90%) agreement, 4/41 strong (≥75%) agreement, and 2/41 failing to meet the threshold established for consensus (75%). From these results, a total of 8 recommendations to define the optimal approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFpEF are proposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of HFpEF is set to increase in the future. The high levels of consensus achieved in this study show that there is willingness to implement change and improve patient outcomes for those with this condition. A series of actionable recommendations have been developed based on the levels of agreement attained. It is hoped that the putting the current recommendations into practice will support international efforts to improve HFpEF care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"385-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidities of hypothyroidism.","authors":"Gabriela Brenta, Ulrike Gottwald-Hostalek","doi":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2476075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03007995.2025.2476075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypothyroidism is a relatively common condition that may affect as many as 10% of the population worldwide when its overt and subclinical presentations are considered. Important clinical comorbidities are highly prevalent in people with hypothyroidism and diminish quality of life and functional status in a manner that is proportional to the number of comorbidities present and their severity. This article reviews the common comorbidities of hypothyroidism, as reported in the literature. The comorbidities of hypothyroidism include clinical conditions commonly associated with hypothyroidism, such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, fatigue or (possibly) cardiovascular disease, and can appear whether or not intervention with LT4 is applied appropriately to ensure biochemical euthyroidism. Other comorbidities may share some pathogenetic background with hypothyroidism, including depression or anxiety, or autoimmune conditions. Hypothyroidism may arise as a comorbidity of some other conditions, e.g. following the application of targeted cancer therapies or some disease-modfying treatments for multiple sclerosis. Other common treatments, including metformin, glucocorticoids or proton pump inhibitors, among others, may alter levels of thyrotropin, thus impacting on the monitoring of thyroid dysfunction and the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Ensuring good control of hypothyroidism is a necessary first step in managing any patient with hypothyroidism. Then, physicians should be aware of the possibility of other comorbid conditions that must be addressed to achieve an optimal patient outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":10814,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","volume":" ","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}