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Current Directions in Psychological Science最新文献

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Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone 动机性反事实思维与道德不一致：我们如何利用想象力有选择地谴责和宽恕他人
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242458
Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese
{"title":"Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone","authors":"Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242458","url":null,"abstract":"People selectively enforce their moral principles, excusing wrongdoing when it suits them. We identify an underappreciated source of this moral inconsistency: the ability to imagine counterfactuals, or alternatives to reality. Counterfactual thinking offers three sources of flexibility that people exploit to justify preferred moral conclusions: People can (a) generate counterfactuals with different content (e.g., consider how things could have been better or worse), (b) think about this content using different comparison processes (i.e., focus on how it is similar to or different than reality), and (c) give the result of these processes different weights (i.e., allow counterfactuals more or less influence on moral judgments). These sources of flexibility help people license unethical behavior and can fuel political conflict. Motivated reasoning may be less constrained by facts than previously assumed; people’s capacity to condemn and condone whom they wish may be limited only by their imaginations.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"439 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140608145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The New Psychology of Secrecy 新保密心理学
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241226676
Michael L. Slepian
{"title":"The New Psychology of Secrecy","authors":"Michael L. Slepian","doi":"10.1177/09637214241226676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241226676","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly everyone keeps secrets, but only recently have we begun to learn about the secrets people keep in their everyday lives and the experiences people have with their secrets. Early experimental research into secrecy sought to create secrecy situations in the laboratory, but in trying to observe secrecy in real time, these studies conflated secrecy with the act of concealment. In contrast, a new psychology of secrecy recognizes that secrecy is far more than biting our tongues and dodging others’ questions. Our secrets can consume mental space before and after concealment situations, and even the secrets that require no active upkeep can burden the secret keeper. The current article reviews recent insights into the many ways in which our secrets relate to personal and relational well-being and what follows from revealing our secrets.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities 层次模型对规划和解释认知能力个体差异研究的启示
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231220923
Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz
{"title":"Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities","authors":"Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz","doi":"10.1177/09637214231220923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231220923","url":null,"abstract":"Although individual-difference studies have been invaluable in several domains of psychology, there has been less success in cognitive domains using experimental tasks. The problem is often called one of reliability: Individual differences in cognitive tasks, especially cognitive-control tasks, seem too unreliable. In this article, we use the language of hierarchical models to define a novel reliability measure—a signal-to-noise ratio—that reflects the nature of tasks alone without recourse to sample sizes. Signal-to-noise reliability may be used to plan appropriately powered studies as well as understand the cause of low correlations across tasks should they occur. Although signal-to-noise reliability is motivated by hierarchical models, it may be estimated from a simple calculation using straightforward summary statistics.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science 培养执行功能技能，促进向现实世界的成果转化：生活技能和公民科学的重要性
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241229664
Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky
{"title":"Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science","authors":"Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky","doi":"10.1177/09637214241229664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241229664","url":null,"abstract":"Executive-function (EF) skills are a set of attention-regulation skills that provide a neurocognitive foundation for adapting to changing circumstances across the life span; EF skills measured in childhood are associated with important real-world outcomes (e.g., school and job success). Although training can improve EF skills, the benefits of training frequently fail to transfer to these outcomes. We argue that EF skills are associated with outcomes such as school success only to the extent that they first contribute to intermediate-level EF-based life skills that are more directly instrumental in achieving key outcomes. These intentional intermediate-level skills are configurations of specific EF skills and non-EF skills that are used when reasoning and solving problems in a variety of domains. We further argue that an effective way to bridge the gap between specific EF skills and real-world outcomes is by training these EF-based life skills that people need to function effectively in society. We propose that this can best be achieved using a civic-scientific approach, engaging citizens (e.g., children, youth, parents, teachers) in the design process from the beginning so that interventions are responsive to perceived needs and address perceived obstacles to success and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Color Semantics in Human Cognition 人类认知中的色彩语义
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231208189
Karen B. Schloss
{"title":"Color Semantics in Human Cognition","authors":"Karen B. Schloss","doi":"10.1177/09637214231208189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231208189","url":null,"abstract":"People have associations between colors and concepts that influence the way they interpret color meaning in information visualizations (e.g., charts, maps, diagrams). These associations are not limited to concrete objects (e.g., fruits, vegetables); even abstract concepts, like sleeping and driving, have systematic color-concept associations. However, color-concept associations and color meaning (color semantics) are not the same thing, and sometimes they conflict. This article describes an approach to understanding color semantics called the color inference framework. The framework shows how color semantics is highly flexible and context dependent, which makes color an effective medium for communication.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Too Much Closeness Dampen Desire? On the Balance of Closeness and Otherness for the Maintenance of Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships 过于亲密会抑制欲望吗？论维持浪漫关系中性欲望的亲近感与疏离感之间的平衡
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231211542
A. Muise, Sophie C. Goss
{"title":"Does Too Much Closeness Dampen Desire? On the Balance of Closeness and Otherness for the Maintenance of Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships","authors":"A. Muise, Sophie C. Goss","doi":"10.1177/09637214231211542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231211542","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual desire for a partner is a unique feature that distinguishes romantic relationships from other close relationships. Yet desire is one of the most fragile relationship elements, often declining over time. Research has shown that the relationship processes that foster closeness (i.e., overlap between the self and partner; interconnection) are associated with higher desire and help couples maintain desire over time. However, this work does not explain how many couples who are quite close and connected can also report low levels of desire. One perspective, mostly from clinical observations and interviews with couples, is that too much closeness in a relationship stifles desire. Here, we review the empirical evidence for the association between closeness (and related constructs) and sexual desire. From this review, we propose that higher closeness is associated with higher desire, and rather than too much closeness stifling desire, high closeness might be optimally linked to desire when paired with a sense of otherness (i.e., distinctiveness between partners that allows for new insights and acknowledgment of unique contributions). Future research refining the concept of “otherness” and considering the balance of closeness and otherness in relationships has the potential to provide new insights into sexual-desire maintenance.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parenting by Lying 用谎言养育子女
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231206095
P. Setoh, Petrina Hui Xian Low, Gail D. Heyman, Kang Lee
{"title":"Parenting by Lying","authors":"P. Setoh, Petrina Hui Xian Low, Gail D. Heyman, Kang Lee","doi":"10.1177/09637214231206095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231206095","url":null,"abstract":"Parenting by lying is a practice in which parents lie to their children to influence their emotions or behavior. Recently, researchers have tried to document the nature of this phenomenon and to understand its causes and consequences. The present research provides an overview of the research in the emerging field, describes some key theoretical and methodological challenges in studying this topic, and proposes a theoretical framework for understanding parenting by lying and for guiding future research to advance our knowledge about this understudied parenting practice.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Moral Psychology of Artificial Intelligence 人工智能的道德心理学
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205866
A. Ladak, Steve Loughnan, Matti Wilks
{"title":"The Moral Psychology of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"A. Ladak, Steve Loughnan, Matti Wilks","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205866","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligences (AIs), although often perceived as mere tools, have increasingly advanced cognitive and social capacities. In response, psychologists are studying people’s perceptions of AIs as moral agents (entities that can do right and wrong) and moral patients (entities that can be targets of right and wrong actions). This article reviews the extent to which people see AIs as moral agents and patients and how they feel about such AIs. We also examine how characteristics about ourselves and the AIs affect attributions of moral agency and patiency. We find multiple factors that contribute to attributions of moral agency and patiency in AIs, some of which overlap with attributions of morality to humans (e.g., mind perception) and some that are unique (e.g., sci-fi fan identity). We identify several future directions, including studying agency and patiency attributions to the latest generation of chatbots and to likely more advanced future AIs that are being rapidly developed.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Development of Values in Middle Childhood: Five Maturation Criteria 儿童中期价值观的发展:五个成熟标准
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205865
Ariel Knafo-Noam, Ella Daniel, Maya Benish-Weisman
{"title":"The Development of Values in Middle Childhood: Five Maturation Criteria","authors":"Ariel Knafo-Noam, Ella Daniel, Maya Benish-Weisman","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205865","url":null,"abstract":"Values, abstract motivational goals—guides for the right and wrong, the desirable and undesirable—relate to many important attitudes and behaviors. Although meaningful understanding of values exists already at age 5, most developmental value research has focused on adolescence. Not enough is known about what happens to children’s values during middle childhood, the period between these two life stages. We propose five criteria for value maturation, reflecting key cognitive and social advances in this period: (a) that children’s value coherence increasingly reflects the motivational associations among values and that, with age, values become increasingly (b) abstract (c) consistent, (d) stable, and (e) related to behavior. Values undergo profound developmental changes during middle childhood indicating that, the importance of adolescence notwithstanding, middle childhood is crucial for value maturation.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"128 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia: Advances in Computational Approaches 精神分裂症的认知控制:计算方法的进展
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205220
Deanna M. Barch, Adam J. Culbreth, Julia M. Sheffield
{"title":"Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia: Advances in Computational Approaches","authors":"Deanna M. Barch, Adam J. Culbreth, Julia M. Sheffield","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205220","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric research is undergoing significant advances in an emerging subspeciality of computational psychiatry, building on cognitive neuroscience research by expanding to neurocomputational modeling. Here, we illustrate some research trends in this domain using work on proactive cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia as an example. We provide a selective review of formal modeling approaches to understanding cognitive control deficits in psychopathology, focusing primarily on biologically plausible connectionist-level models as well as mathematical models that generate parameter estimates of putatively dissociable psychological or neural processes. We illustrate some of the advantages of these models in terms of understanding both cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia and the potential roles of effort and motivation. Further, we highlight critical future directions for this work, including a focus on establishing psychometric properties, additional work modeling psychotic symptoms and their interaction with cognitive control, and the need to expand both behavioral and neural modeling to samples that include individuals with different mental health conditions, allowing for the examination of dissociable neural or psychological substrates for seemingly similar cognitive impairments across disorders.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":" 921","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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