Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice最新文献

{"title":"A new method for the synthesis of 4-aminobenzoic acid – an intermediate for the production of procaine","authors":"A. Halstian, O. Baula, H. Tarasenko","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259850","url":null,"abstract":"Procaine is one of the oldest local anesthetics used in medicine. When absorbed and entering the systemic circulation reduces the excitability of peripheral cholinoreactive systems. Has a blocking effect on the autonomic ganglia, reduces smooth muscle spasms, and reduces the excitability of the myocardium and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. It is synthesized by oxidizing 4-nitrotoluene to 4-nitrobenzoic acid, which is subsequently reacted with thionyl chloride, the resulting acid chloride is then esterified with 2-diethylaminoethanol to give nitrocaine. Finally, the nitro group is reduced by hydrogenation over a Raney nickel catalyst. The oxidation stage is characterized by the formation of toxic, difficult to dispose of wastewater, valuable mineral oxidants, or high temperatures and excess pressure, in the case of using oxygen as an oxidant. Therefore, the search for new environmentally friendly and low-temperature methods of obtaining 4-nitrobenzoic acid is an urgent task.\u0000The aim of the work is to study the products, conditions, and study kinetics of the reaction of ozone with 4-nitrotoluene in acetic acid solution to develop a new method for the synthesis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid.\u0000Materials and methods. The glacial acetic acid qualification “P. F. A.” before use was purified by distillation under vacuum in the presence of potassium permanganate. Salts of metals of qualification “P. F. A.” and potassium bromide qualification “Ch. P.” were used without prior purification. A gas-phase gradient-free catalytic duck reactor was used for kinetic studies. The mixing of gas and liquid phases in the reactor was achieved by shaking the reactor at a speed that allowed it to work in the kinetic region. The kinetics of the reaction was studied by changing the concentration of ozone in the gas phase at the outlet of the reactor by spectrophotometric method on a spectrophotometer “SF-46 LOMO”.\u0000Results. The products, conditions, and kinetics of ozone reaction with 4-nitrotoluene were studied. It was shown that at temperatures of 20–90 °C is mainly ozonolysis of the aromatic ring, and the total yield of oxidation products by methyl group does not exceed 24.2 %, among which identified in the early stages of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and at deeper – 4-nitrobenzoic acid. The introduction of cobalt (II) acetate into the catalyst system almost completely was prevented ozonolysis and the main reaction product is 4-nitrobenzoic acid with a yield of 86.5 %. The addition of potassium bromide to the solution reduced the concentration of the catalyst by seven times and increased the reaction rate and yield of 4-nitrobenzoic acid to 95.6 %.\u0000Conclusions. A new environmentally friendly, low-temperature method for the synthesis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid by conducting the process of ozonation of 4-nitrotoluene in a solution of glacial acetic acid in the presence of a mixed cobalt bromide catalyst was developed.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76110193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of P-selectin in the prognosis of cardiovascular events in patients with multiple myeloma","authors":"M. Panasenko, B. Samura, S. Dotsenko","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259829","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) survival has greatly improved in recent decades. MM is usually diagnosed in elderlies. Patients do not necessarily die from MM, so cardiovascular health may be a key factor threatening long-term survival.\u0000The aim of the research: to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating P-selectin for cardiovascular events in patients with multiple myeloma in full or partial remission.\u0000Materials and methods. 97 patients with MM with complete or partial remission were enrolled in the study. None of the patients had received any lipid-modulating medications, including statins or fibrates, before enrollment. The observation period was up to 1 year. Blood samples for biomarkers measurements were collected. ELISA method for measurements of circulating level of P-selectin was used.\u0000Results. During the observation period progression of MM was proved in 25 patients, 5 persons were excluded for poor follow-up. 67 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Thirty-six cumulative clinical events occurred in 18 patients (26.9 %) within the follow-up, with their distribution being as follows: 2 cardiovascular deaths, 16 cardiac arrhythmias, 3 cardiac ischemic events, 1 stroke, 4 chronic heart failures, and 10 hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons. 2 deaths were not related with cardiovascular pathology. Medians of circulating levels of P-selectin in free-events subject cohort and subjects cohort with cardiovascular events were 58.24 ng/ml (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 32.27–77.48 ng/ml) and 87.57 ng/ml (95 % CI = 51.12–114.89 ng/ml) (Р < 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression circulating P-selectin independently predicted cumulative cardiovascular events (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11; 95 % CI = 1.08–1.15; Р = 0.02) in patients after sever coronavirus disease (COVID-19) within 1 year of observation period.\u0000Conclusions. Among patients with documented multiple myeloma in remission increased circulating P-selectin was associated with increased cumulative cardiovascular events.","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86562371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of specific activity of the piroctone olamine semisolid dosage form for external use","authors":"V. V. Hladyshev, D. Romanina, O. B. Kharaponova, N. L. Kolycheva, I. V. Hnitko, I. O. Pukhalska, H. P. Lysianska","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.258934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.258934","url":null,"abstract":"The external treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp depends on the withdrawal of clinical symptoms and the complaints the patient made to the doctor. At present Ukrainian dermatology has several dozen pharmacotherapeutic products in this direction, with dominating medicines of ketoconazole, zinc pyrition, and their combinations.\u0000They are characterized by the short-term or weak effect, associated with the pathogenic microorganisms’ resistance against the background of long-term use of biologically active substances which are their active parts. One way to solve the problem is using the drugs with new highly active pharmaceutical ingredients.\u0000Employees of the Department of Technology of Medications of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University proposed the composition of a new applicate semisolid dosage form of pirocton olamine based on complex physical-chemical, pharmacotechnological, biopharmaceutical, and rheological investigations – topical ointment on the hydrophilic base in combination with resin-free naphthalene for external use in the complex etiotropic treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.\u0000The aim of this work is to study the specific activity of the combined ointment with pirocton olamine and resin-free naphthalene on a hydrophilic vehicle.\u0000Materials and methods. As the object of preclinical studies used experimental ointment containing 1 % piroctone olamine and 5 % resin-free naphthalene on the base of sodium carboxymethylcellulose glycerogel, providing optimum release of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the vehicle, and appropriate placebo semisolid dosage form. The study of the specific activity of the developed ointment under the conditional name “Oktonaf” was carried out by evaluating its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects given the foreseeable therapeutic focus and the literature on the spectrum of biological activity of active substances.\u0000The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action of the proposed composition was evaluated by the allergic contact dermatitis model. As a reference drug cream “Psoricap” (KMP, Ukraine), which has long been applied in dermatological practice was used.\u0000Results of comparative microbiological studies proved that composite anti-seborrheic ointment with piroctone olamine and resin-free naphthalene by the antibacterial effect in relation to the size of the growth delay zones for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms) slightly exceeds the effective dermatological medication reference cream “Psoricap”. At the same time, the antimycotic activity of experimental ointment in relation to Candida albicans practically does not differ from the same reference drug.\u0000A study of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the developed piroctone olamine ointment on a hydrophilic basis using the model of allergic contact dermatitis revealed that its level reliably was exceed the efficacy of topical reference medication “","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"82 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83443154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual and category apparatus of legislation, what determines legal responsibility in pharmaceutical activity","authors":"O. H. Aleksieiev","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.255817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.255817","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work – is to study the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the legislation of Ukraine, which determines the legal responsibility in pharmaceutical activities.\u0000Materials and methods. The study is based on a number of legislative terms and case law in cases of prosecuting violators of pharmaceutical legislation. During the work, we used methods of information retrieval, analysis, systematization, and generalization.\u0000Results. It is established that pharmaceutical activity is one of the branches in the field of health care, which is carried out by conducting licensed economic activities by economic entities and professional activities by non-economic entities – pharmaceutical workers. The complex nature of such activities determines the establishment by the state at the legislative level of various types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil, and disciplinary.\u0000Conclusions. Legal responsibility in pharmaceutical activity is characterized by a certain terminological inconsistency and unsystematic nature, which is manifested in the lack of disclosure of the meanings of such terms as pharmaceutical activity (its types and directions), pharmaceutical care, pharmaceutical service; subject of pharmaceutical activity (with the separation of categories of persons with appropriate legal status). The conceptual and categorical apparatus of legislation governing pharmaceutical activities needs urgent unification, as the imbalance of legislative terminology results in inadequacy and inconsistency both in the conceptual sense of the institution of legal responsibility and in bringing participants of pharmaceutical activity to legal responsibility for relevant offenses.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81801199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and properties of some 3-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl)-6-R-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles","authors":"S. Fedotov, A. S. Hotsulia, O. Panasenko","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259227","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives play an important strategic role in modern medicine and pharmacy. This fact is due to the significant possibilities of chemical modification and significant pharmacological potential among the derivatives of these heterocycles. The introduction of 1,2,4-triazole and pyrazole fragments into the structure of new substances allows to influence the formation of a certain type of activity. The structural combination of these heterocycles in one molecule increases the likelihood of interaction with various biological targets. At the same time, the creation of condensed systems involving 1,2,4-triazole is undoubtedly scientifically attractive and promising.\u0000The aim of the research was to study the conditions for obtaining 3-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl)-6-R-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles and studying the properties of these compounds.\u0000Materials and methods. The first stage of the synthetic part of the work involved the use of diethyl oxalate and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one with the participation of sodium hydride in toluene. The obtained ethyl 4-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-ethanoate in the next step was used in the process of conversion into ethyl 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate with the participation of hydrazine hydrate. Further modification of the molecule was the stepwise formation of the structure of 4-amino-5-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. The next stage of the work involved the interaction with carboxylic acids in the environment of phosphorus oxychloride. To determine the composition and identify the structure of the isolated substances, 1H NMR and infrared spectra were recorded, as well as qualitative and quantitative indicators of the elemental composition of the synthesized structures were obtained. The individual nature of the presence of substances and the degree of their purity were determined using high performance liquid chromatography.\u0000Results. Synthesis of 3-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl)-6-R-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles was performed and optimal conditions were determined the process of obtaining these substances. The structure of the products of chemical transformation was confirmed and the results of the study of physical properties were recorded. The results of docking studies allowed to confirm the prospects of the chosen direction of synthetic transformations, which ultimately allowed to determine the biological potential of the obtained compounds. The model enzyme was 14-α-demethylase lanosterol (code 3LD6), information on which was used from the database of the Protein Structures Database (PDB).\u0000Conclusions. As a result of the molecular docking, data were obtained that form an idea of a certain level of probability of the effect of synthesized compounds on the activity of 14α-demethylase lanosterol, which justified the need for further study of antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84324763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the domestic market of compressor and ultrasonic nebulizers","authors":"T. Brytanova, A. Samko","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.258585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.258585","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work is to organize informational files about compressors and ultrasonic nebulizers determination of actuality and availability in marketing analysis of the domestic market.\u0000Materials and methods. Data from the Apteka.UA and the official website of Tabletki.ua were used to analyze the brand and assortment structure of ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers. The search analytical, systematic, comparative, and statistical methods and methods of mathematical and logical analysis were used in the work.\u0000Results. The analysis of the market of assortment and brand structures of the compressor and ultrasonic nebulizers was carried out. The obtained results showed the presence on the market of 16 manufacturers from 10 countries in the world of compressor nebulizers and 9 manufacturers from 7 countries in the world of ultrasonic nebulizers. Among them, the largest suppliers were identified, such as Omron Healthcare (Japan) and LLC Medhouse Swiss GmbH (Ukraine). The calculated stress coefficient indicated greater competition between compressor manufacturers (Kvi = 0.94) compared to ultrasonic (Kvi = 0.88) nebulizers. The level of monopolization was determined using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. The results indicated a moderately concentrated market for both types of nebulizers. Analysis of socio-economic affordability by indicators of price liquidity ratio and solvency adequacy noted low availability of this group of goods for consumers of pharmacies.\u0000Conclusions. The results of the company structure research indicated the vast majority of manufacturers of foreign companies and a wide range of both ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers. In the course of the work, the available commodity positions in pharmacies in Ukraine were investigated. According to the calculations of the coefficient of tension and the level of monopolization. It was possible to determine the competitiveness among manufacturing firms. The results of the assessment of the liquidity ratio and the adequacy of solvency made it possible to assess the purchasing power of the population in this group of goods.","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87573439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the domestic market of 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs","authors":"M. V. Ohloblina, I. V. Bushuieva, V. Parchenko","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259045","url":null,"abstract":"The modern market of medicines in Ukraine has the dynamics of constant development. At the same time, the dynamics of the pharmaceutical market depend entirely on the welfare of the population. Current features of quarantine restrictions have caused a number of distortions in drug consumption. Thus, after the introduction of quarantine in March 2020, part of the population panicked, which forced them to stockpile vital goods. At this time, there was a significant increase in sales of drugs, including antiviral, antiseptic, and disinfectant activity. The dynamics of drug balances on the shelves reached +50 %. However, there was a sharp decline in consumption between June-October 2020 and April 2021 due to the full effect of quarantine restrictions and March-April 2022 due to martial law in Ukraine. Today, the rate of purchases and balances of medicines on the shelves of pharmacies exceeds the rate of growth of their sales.\u0000The aim of the work is to conduct research and provide a description of the range of the national market of domestic 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs.\u0000Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the work: analytical, information retrieval, descriptive, and generalization. The materials of the research were literature sources that contain information on the registration of domestic 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs in Ukraine at present.\u0000Results. The search, analysis, characterization, and generalization of domestic drugs – derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles were carried out. It was established that the Ukrainian market was moderately saturated with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs of domestic production based on the study of available information and scientific research. The drugs have a fairly wide range of applications in medicine, have different mechanisms of action, belong to different pharmacotherapeutic groups, and were used in veterinary practice and the agro-industrial economy.\u0000Conclusions. Elaboration, analysis, systematization, comparison, and generalization of modern sources of information indicated a fairly high biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, a wide range of applications, and moderate saturation of the national market with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs.","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84219818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of immunomodulator azoximer bromide on immunoglobulin levels in children with newly diagnosed tuberculosis","authors":"O. Raznatovska, Yu. V. Myronchuk","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.255746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.255746","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the effect of the immunomodulator azoximer bromide on serum immunoglobulins (IgE, A, M, G) in the complex treatment for children with newly diagnosed tuberculosis.\u0000Materials and methods. The study was included 51 with newly diagnosed tuberculosis children, which were divided into 2 groups: 26 children suffer from disease, who received immunomodulator azoximer bromide (main group) in combination treatment with antimycobacterial therapy (AMBT) and 25 children suffer from disease who received AMBT only (control group). The comparison group included 30 healthy children. The children from the main group on the background of standard AMBT additionally were used the azoximer bromide (immunomodulator) to correct immunological changes: in children under 10 years of age, 6 mg twice a day, in children over 10 years – 12 mg twice a day; course of treatment – 14 days. Research indicators such as IgE, A, M, G in serum were performed on the basis of the Immunological Department in the Training Medical and Laboratory center of ZSMU by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a device enzyme-linked immunosorbent reader Sirio S using reagent kits LTD RPL “Granum” (Kharkiv), units of measurement: IgE – IU/ml), IgA, M, G – g/l. The study was conducted at the beginning of intensive phase (IF) AMBT and at the end of the AMBT maintenance phase (MF). The study results were processed on a personal computer using the statistical package of the licensed program Statistica, version 13 (Copyright 1984–2018 TIBCO Software Inc. All rights reserved, License No. JPZ8041382130ARCN10-J).\u0000Results. Children with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, who received immunomodulator azoximer bromide in combination therapy, after the end of the AMBT MF was determined by the normalization of serum IgA levels (1.22 (0.75; 1.74) g/l against 1.70 (1.11; 2.01) g/l, P < 0.02), which was 1.4 times lower than children who received only AMBT. The levels of IgE and M throughout the course of treatment were within the age norm with decreasing at the end of treatment, and the level of IgG throughout the course of treatment remained significantly higher than that of the healthy children group. Children with newly detected tuberculosis who received only AMBT, after the end of AMBT MF on the background of normal levels of IgE and M, the level of IgA remained significantly higher in 1.4 times, and the level of IgG tended to increase.\u0000Conclusions. Considering the obtained results, children with newly detected tuberculosis, who received of the immunomodulator azoximer bromide in complex treatment, helped to normalize of IgA level in serum, after completion of treatment. Therefore, the effect of the immunomodulator azoximer bromide in the complex therapy of children with newly detected tuberculosis on immunoglobulin indicators were significant, which would improve the effectiveness of antimycobacterial therapy in this contingent of patients in general.","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86680187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of biologically active substances extraction parameters from cranberry leaves","authors":"I. Vlasova, O. Koshovyi, O. Kukhtenko, M. Komisarenko, Т. Ilina, A. Kovalyova","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.258524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.258524","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of type 2 diabetes due to its prevalence, severity, and complications is one of the most pressing in the world. Plants of the genus Vaccinium are promising sources for the creation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic medicines. Studies have shown that the extract from cranberry leaves, obtained with 50 % ethanol solution has prospects to be used for correcting insulin resistance. Therefore, for creating new medicines based on cranberry leaves, it is necessary to determine the optimal parameters of biologically active substances (BAS) extraction from this raw material.\u0000The aim of the research is to determine the parameters of BAS extraction from cranberry leaves (Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh) for creating a new dry extract with hypoglycemic activity.\u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study was cranberry leaves. Extracts from the leaves were obtained with 50 % ethanol solution in a ratio of 1:10; 1:15; 1:20; 1:25; 1:30 and 1:35 by maceration at room temperature for 8 hours. The extraction was repeated four times with new portions of the extractant, collecting each extract separately. Identification of phenolic compounds was performed by thin-layer chromatography. An assay of phenolic compounds was carried out by spectrophotometric methods. The mass transfer coefficient of each stage (miBAS/Viextragent) was calculated for each indicator and the dependence of these factors on the extraction multiplicity to determine the rational extraction was derived using the software Statistics.\u0000Results. Gallic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, quercetin, and hyperoside were detected on TLC of cranberry leaves extracts in comparison with standard samples of substances. The content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in terms of chlorogenic acid, the number of flavonoids in terms of rutin, and the content of the sum of phenolic compounds in terms of gallic acid were determined. It was established that the exhaustive extraction of BAS with 50 % ethanol solution from the cranberry leaves provides a ratio of 1 to 100–110. It was rational to carry out BAS extraction from cranberry leaves in a ratio of 1:10 twice, this would ensure the maximum yield of BAS at the minimum cost of the extractant.\u0000Conclusions. It was found that was rational to extract BAS with 50 % ethanol solution from cranberry leaves in a ratio of 1:10 twice using mathematical and statistical methods. It would be used in the future in the development of extract technology.","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82681332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current modeling approaches to experimental cognitive impairment (a literature review)","authors":"D. V. Tymofiiv, O. Hancheva","doi":"10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2022.2.259429","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work is to review the professional literature sources from the scientific database PubMed mainly for the last 20 years analyzing the modern view on approaches to experimental modeling of cognitive impairment.\u0000Materials and methods. A review of the scientific literature over the past 20 years was performed. The lack of requisite knowledge about the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and the wide range of risk factors for these conditions continue to be major challenges in the development of guidelines on early diagnosis and treatment. The literary analysis suggests that all modeling approaches to experimental cognitive impairment are currently divided into two groups: cell culture and animal models.\u0000Conclusions. Experimental modeling of cognitive impairment remains important in addition to clinical and population-based studies. In recent years, the problem of selecting an adequate model to study cognitive impairment, which is a central clinical manifestation of various neurological diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, traumatic brain injury, vascular, demyelinating, and infectious diseases, metabolic aberrations and hormonal imbalance, neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system) is becoming increasingly relevant.\u0000The choice of model and experimental material – animals or cultures (invertebrate and mammalian cells) is based on a clear understanding of the study design and depends on the ultimate goal of research.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10800,"journal":{"name":"Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75884490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}