Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Integrated framework for multipurpose UAV Path Planning in hedgerow systems considering the biophysical environment","authors":"Sergio Vélez ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Mier ,&nbsp;Mar Ariza-Sentís ,&nbsp;João Valente","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new path-planning framework for precision agriculture, designed for hedgerow systems, which combines cutting-edge technology and data analysis to enhance crop management in light of climate change challenges. The framework creates detailed digital field models by employing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, either with high-precision LiDAR or Structure-from-Motion (SfM) data. Then, these models are inputs for the path planning algorithm, crucial for directing drones on the most efficient paths for surveys or spraying. The key feature is its ability to adjust to the specific conditions of agricultural fields, considering the current biophysical environment, ensuring paths are closely aligned with crop rows and adapting to vegetation changes. This leads to significant efficiency improvements, especially in cases of irregular row spacing or heterogeneous vegetation, achieving paths up to 40% shorter than traditional geometry-based methods. The effectiveness of the algorithm relies on the quality of input data, with LiDAR being recommended due to its higher accuracy despite its longer processing time. Field tests were conducted in a vineyard in Spain to validate the effectiveness of the framework. Integrating drone technology with precise routing and high-quality data, the proposed framework can potentially enhance the sustainable and efficient management of woody crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining genetic resources for stable resistance to Alternaria blight disease of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)","authors":"Lakshman Prasad ,&nbsp;Ashulata Kaushal ,&nbsp;Nalini Tewari ,&nbsp;Nandan Mehta ,&nbsp;Mahender Singh Saharan ,&nbsp;U.K. Tripathi ,&nbsp;Sorabh Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Tarun Pradhan ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar ,&nbsp;Gyanendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Vikender Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-environment screening of 2579 linseed accessions from the National Genebank of India was undertaken to identify novel donors imparting resistance to <em>Alternaria lini</em> causing blight disease of linseed. <em>Alternaria</em> blight incidence showed a differential genotypic response in the degree of disease severity across different location-year environments. The comparative analysis of disease incidence across two locations revealed that the mean leaf blight was higher at Raipur (∼81%) compared to Kanpur (43.83%), while mean bud blight was comparatively higher (up to 14.86%) at Kanpur than Raipur (∼4%). Leaf and bud blight scores across multiple environments revealed only 3.41% of the tested germplasm (4 resistant and 84 moderately resistant accessions) showed resistance to <em>A. lini</em> infection. Based on pooled disease incidence scores, a small and representative ‘Reference Set for <em>Alternaria</em> blight resistance’ (RSAB) comprising 256 genotypes was assembled and validated for confirmation of resistance. Overall, one genotype, a selection from IC0591124 was identified as resistant and 14 genotypes (selections from germplasm accessions having National IDs – IC0526066, EC0718850, IC0526032, IC0498580, IC0499140, IC0523800, EC0718852, IC0305053, IC0597268, IC0420772, EC0041481, IC0526017, IC0498549 and IC0597274) were found moderately resistant against all the three isolates of <em>A. lini</em> (<em>Rpr</em>, <em>Knpr</em> and <em>Dli</em>) in up to seven environments including artificial epiphytotic conditions in an environment-controlled glass house. A critical examination of the different quality evaluation criteria revealed that the assembled RSAB effectively captured the representativeness of the whole collection for disease resistance. The RSAB germplasm and novel broad-range resistant genotypes identified in the present study offer valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to develop blight resistant linseed varieties for sustainable disease management. In addition, these genetic resources will be crucial in identifying genes/genomic regions underlying blight resistance through genome-wide association studies and mapping resistance-linked QTLs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selectivity of pre-emergent herbicides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its relationship with the stem cutting planting system","authors":"Gabriel Antonio Pinto Ruiz ,&nbsp;Ricardo Daniel Medina ,&nbsp;José Ramón Tarragó ,&nbsp;Angela María Burgos","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cassava (<em>Manihot esculenta</em> Crantz, Euphorbiaceae), an important source of food for millions of people in the world, is distributed mainly in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Weeds are important biotic constraints on cassava production, and herbicide application can provide effective weed control in this crop. However, the different possibilities of herbicide selectivity (factors associated and not associated with the plants) must be studied before implementation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of different pre-emergence herbicides and two stem cutting planting systems (vertical and horizontal) on phytotoxicity and several agronomic traits of the cassava crop. The experiment was conducted through a factorial arrangement in a completely random design in Corrientes, Argentina. The factors studied were planting systems (horizontal and vertical position), weed control methods (hoeing or application of diuron, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin or clomazone, 625; 1920; 900 and 1000 g a.i. ha⁻¹, respectively), and cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). The following variables were measured: phytotoxicity, plant height, relative plant stand, total weight of tuberous roots per plant, starch concentration of tuberous roots, and starch production per ha. The highest precipitations occurred in the 2018–2019 cropping season. The vertical planting system in combination with herbicides showed lower phytotoxicity values and higher values of plant height, starch concentration, and starch production per ha than the horizontal planting system. The highest phytotoxicity values were recorded with the application of diuron combined with the horizontal planting system and in the 2018–2019 season, with a 33.33% decrease in relative plant stand compared to the use of hoeing. Starch concentration remained unchanged with the use of clomazone and pendimethalin, whereas the effect of these herbicides on starch production varied with the cropping season, decreasing only in 2019–2020. Starch production was significantly lower with the use of S-metolachlor (up to 55.29% in 2018–2019) and of diuron (up to 60.57% in 2019–2020) than with the use of hoeing. In conclusion, phytotoxicity values were higher for the horizontal planting system than for the vertical system. The herbicide with the highest phytotoxic effect on the cassava crop was diuron; the effect increased when combined with the horizontal planting system in the cropping season with higher rainfall. This work provides the basis for integrated weed management concerning the use of herbicides and their selectivity according to planting systems for cassava crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analyses reveal only Albugo rorippae causing white rust on horseradish in Brazil","authors":"Marlon Henrique Hahn ,&nbsp;Erica Camila Zielinski ,&nbsp;Alexandre Claus ,&nbsp;Gabriel Koch ,&nbsp;Jhulia Gelain ,&nbsp;Danilo Batista Pinho ,&nbsp;Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Armoracia rusticana</em>, commonly known as horseradish, is a Brassicaceae condiment common in southern Brazilian cuisine. In 2020, plants with leaf lesions and white pustules were observed in a cultivation area in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. Based on phylogenetic studies, <em>Albugo</em> sensu lato was classified into the genera <em>Albugo</em>, <em>Pustula</em>, and <em>Wilsoniana</em>. As there is still no molecular characterization of the specimens that cause white rust in Brazil, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of white rust in <em>A. rusticana</em>. Symptomatic plants were collected to identify the oomycete and placed near asymptomatic plants for the pathogenicity test. Plants exposed to the diseased plants showed symptoms 14 days after exposure, while plants without exposure to diseased plants remained asymptomatic. Comparison of symptoms and morphology matched the characteristics of <em>Albugo</em> sensu lato. After morphometry and sequence comparison of the partial region of the cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit II (<em>cox</em>2) mtDNA gene, the oomycete was identified as <em>Albugo rorippae</em>. To date, this species is reported on <em>A. rusticana, Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa palustris,</em> and <em>Rorippa sylvestris</em> in Argentina, Australia, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, and Romania. According to the literature, the <em>Albugo</em> specimens that colonize <em>Armoracia</em> sp. have low efficiency in colonizing <em>Rorippa</em> sp., and there are some differences in the oospores of the specimens isolated from these two hosts. Therefore, a comprehensive sampling of <em>Albugo</em> sp. in <em>Armoracia</em> and <em>Rorippa</em> species is essential to determine whether there is host genus specialization. This is the first report of <em>A. rorippae</em> in <em>Armoracia rusticana</em> in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management of blister and grey blight diseases of tea using antagonistic and plant growth promoting microbes in Western Ghats of India","authors":"K. Murugavel ,&nbsp;G. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;M. Raveendran ,&nbsp;V. Sendhilvel ,&nbsp;A. Sudha ,&nbsp;L. Karthiba ,&nbsp;K. Venkatesan ,&nbsp;P. Nepolean","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blister and grey blights are the devastating leaf diseases in tea. The severity of blister and grey blight diseases in tea ranged from 22% to 68% and 11.41%–57.02%, respectively in a survey conducted in Southern India during 2022–2023. The morphological and molecular identifications of pathogens revealed that <em>Exobasidium vexans</em> and <em>Neopestalotiopsis clavispora</em> were responsible for causing blister and grey blights on tea in southern India. The conventional management strategy with foliar spray of synthetic fungicides result in fungicidal residue in tea causes environmental pollution and health hazards to human. To overcome this the current study aims to manage the blister and grey blight diseases of tea through the microbial biocontrol agents. The bacterial biocontrol agents <em>viz., Bacillus subtilis</em> (BBV57), <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> (TNAU), <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> (Pf1) and the fungal antagonist, <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> (TV 1) were evaluated for their efficacy against the both blight diseases. All the bio agents have significantly reduced the basidiospore germination and the mycelial growth of <em>E. vexans</em> and <em>N. clavispora,</em> respectively. Among the bio agents, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> registered 88.36% reduction in the germination of <em>E. vexans</em> basidiospore and 85.56% of mycelial growth reduction of <em>N. clavispora in vitro</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Under field conditions the combined soil and foliar application of bacterial antagonists <em>viz</em>., <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>P. fluorescens</em> each with 1 _˟ 10¹¹ CFU/ml <em>@</em> 5% concentration at 7 days interval significantly reduced the blister blight incidence with 53.53% &amp; 51.53% reduction over control and 51.53% &amp; 43.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. The combined application also reduced the grey blight incidence with 53.53% &amp; 52.00% reduction over control and 56.81% &amp; 47.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. This treatments with bioagents were almost comparable with synthetic treatments, such as copper oxy chloride (0.25%) and hexaconazole (0.25%) with 64.63% and 64.76% reduction of blister and grey blight reduction in first year; 59.74%, 51.11% reduction in second year over control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), respectively. Thus, the application of <em>B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>P. fluorescens</em> can be recommended for the sustainable management of tea blister and grey blight diseases in tea gardens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of resistance ratios and resistance mechanisms of Cydia pomonella (L.) (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations collected from apple orchards in Isparta (Türkiye) against some insecticides","authors":"Mustafa Murat Yeşilırmak ,&nbsp;Bayram Çevik ,&nbsp;Recep Ay","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The codling moth, <em>Cydia pomonella</em> is an important pest that causes significant economic losses in apples and walnuts in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in Türkiye, the resistance status and resistance mechanisms of codling moth, <em>Cydia pomonella</em> against indoxacarb, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate. All apple orchard populations developed resistance ratios ranging from 3.38 to 22.37-fold to deltamethrin, 5.67–29.87-fold to indoxacarb and 1.46–3.05-fold to emamectin benzoate. The interaction of some synergists triphenyl phosphate (TPP), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) with indoxacarb and deltamethrin was analyzed in the susceptible, MAREM and Tepeli populations with moderate resistance to indoxacarb and deltamethrin. While indoxacarb + TPP showed a significant synergistic effect only in MAREM population, a significant synergistic effect was observed with indoxacarb + TPP and indoxacarb + PBO in Tepeli population. The activities of detoxifying enzymes [esterase, glutathion –S– transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)] studied by biochemical methods showed some variation depending on the population. The results of biochemical analyses showed that esterase and GST enzyme activities of all populations was between 0.51 and 0.94, 0.77 and1.29 mOD min⁻¹mg⁻¹ proteins, respectively. The P450 enzyme activities ranged from 0.53 to 0.78, RFU min⁻¹mg⁻¹ proteins. In addition, the L1014F knockdown mutation (CTT to TTT) corresponding to leucine to phenylalanine amino acid substitution of the voltage-gated sodium channel in <em>Cydia pomonella</em> was determined in MAREM and Tepeli populations. It was determined that while MAREM and Tepeli populations developed moderate resistance, the other populations developed a low level resistance to deltamethrin and indoxacarb. On the other hand, all populations developed a low level resistance to emamectin benzoate. The P450 and esterase enzyme activities were significantly higher in MAREM and Tepeli populations which were resistant to deltamethrin and indoxacarb than the susceptible population. In addition, a Kdr point mutation L1014F was detected in the deltamethrin resistant MAREM and Tepeli populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative damage caused by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on soybean crop at different growth stages","authors":"Gabriele Rolando ,&nbsp;Silvia Teresa Moraglio ,&nbsp;Andrea Caratti ,&nbsp;Chiara Cordero ,&nbsp;Giorgio Borreani ,&nbsp;Luciana Tavella","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown marmorated stink bug <em>Halyomorpha halys</em>, an invasive species native to East Asia, is now present and abundant on soybean throughout Europe where it has become a major pest damaging the crop. Because a better understanding of the impact of <em>H. halys</em> is crucial to implement effective and sustainable pest management, the present study aimed to assess the stages at which soybean is most susceptible to <em>H. halys</em> attacks, and the qualitative and quantitative alterations caused by its feeding on soybean seeds. Therefore, soybean plants were exposed to stink bug adults for 2 weeks at different development stages and were examined at harvest for damage. Stay-green syndrome occurred most severely as a result of <em>H. halys</em> attacks at soybean development stages R4-R5. In the same period, the bug feeding activity significantly reduced the number of seeds per pod, thus indicating a higher damage rate at the R4-R5 stage when soybean surveillance should be intensified in order to properly target pest management strategies. The lower number of seeds per pod corresponded to an increase in the seed weight due to plant compensation mechanisms, leading to grain yields that did not differ in relation to the time of attack or the rate of damaged seeds. However, while not causing overall a loss of weight production, <em>H. halys</em> attacks were shown to cause qualitative damage to soybean seeds, especially by altering protein content and mobilizing several primary metabolites from storage macromolecules, which will have to be considered depending on the intended use of the production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry-based assessment of Aphanomyces root rot in pea","authors":"Milton Valencia-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Rebecca J. McGee ,&nbsp;Sindhuja Sankaran","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When plants are infected with pathogens, disease response can result in changes in the profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOC). These changes in volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiles can be utilized for disease detection and quantification. In this study, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) was used to evaluate the VOC profile variability in a pea near isogenic line (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) inoculated with zoospores of <em>Aphanomyces euteiches</em> Drechs, which causes Aphanomyces root rot disease. Pots were filled with silica sand and six plants per pot were grown under controlled conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four treatments, namely non-inoculated, 1 × 10⁵, 1 × 10⁶, and 2.79 × 10⁶ zoospores ml⁻¹ were applied to plants at 5 and 7 days after emergence. FAIMS was used to collect volatile profiles at 2, 4, 7 and 9 days after inoculation. Specific regions of interest – extracted from the ion current intensity from the FAIMS spectra – were analyzed using ANOVA. Similarly, multiple regions of interest were evaluated using principal component analysis and k-means clustering. Ion current profiles and curvature profiles were incorporated into the analysis using k-means clustering. Other ground reference data such as root rot index and physiological parameters were also recorded. The results showed a biomarker in a specific region of interest demonstrating ample ability to quantify and differentiate treatment effects during non-destructive sampling at 14 DAE (7 DAI). Data from this region could be used for early and non-destructive quantification and differentiation of treatment effects based on zoospore inoculation levels. The k-means clustering of ion current and curvature profiles showed patterns based on the treatments. These findings demonstrated that FAIMS could be used as a tool to assess plant-pathogen interactions using volatile biomarkers to evaluate disease responses and severity under controlled conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium graminearum causes leaf spot disease in Nicandra physalodes in China","authors":"Chengqing Yang ,&nbsp;Yiyi Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Liao ,&nbsp;Meiyu Yuan ,&nbsp;Chun Wu ,&nbsp;Cheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Nicandra physalodes</em> is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Though native to South America, it is now extensively cultivated in China for medicinal and ornamental purposes. In traditional Chinese medicine, various parts of the plant are used for their therapeutic properties such as sedatives, expectorants, antipyretics, and antidotes. Furthermore, <em>N. physalodes</em> is considered an edible plant, and its seeds contain pectin, which is used in food production. However, recent observations in Hezhang county, Guizhou province, revealed a prevalent leaf spot disease affecting <em>N. physalodes</em>, leading to a decreased yield. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses, pathogenicity assays, and Koch's postulates were used to identify the fungal pathogens responsible for leaf spot disease in <em>N. physalodes</em>. <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> was confirmed as the causative agent based on morphological and molecular analyses, pathogenicity assays, and Koch's postulates, and this represents the first documented case of <em>F. graminearum</em> infection in <em>N. physalodes</em>. These findings underscore the importance of disease management strategies to mitigate the impact of leaf spot disease on the yield of this valuable medicinal plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of endemic entomopathogenic nematodes for managing Colorado potato beetle and tuber-damaging pests in potato","authors":"Pin-Chu Lai ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi ,&nbsp;Ollie Vetrovec ,&nbsp;Tony Testa ,&nbsp;Elson Shields ,&nbsp;Brian A. Nault","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorado potato beetle, <em>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</em>, wireworms and white grubs are important pests of potato that are challenging to manage. This study evaluated three endemic entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (<em>Steinernema carpocapsae</em> ‘NY01’, <em>S. feltiae</em> ‘NY04’, and <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> ‘Oswego’) as biocontrol agents against <em>L. decemlineata</em>, wireworms and white grubs in New York. The efficacy of individual EPN species and their combinations on <em>L. decemlineata</em> larval mortality was assessed via soil-based bioassays in the laboratory. Additionally, <em>L. decemlineata</em> survival and percentage of tubers damaged by wireworms and white grubs were evaluated in field trials in which combinations of pairs of EPN species were applied to the soil at least one month prior to initiating the experiment. Results from bioassays indicated that among the three EPN species, <em>L. decemlineata</em> late instars were most susceptible to <em>H</em>. <em>bacteriophora</em> ‘Oswego’. Additionally, larval mortality was generally higher (14% on average) using pairs of EPN species compared to single species. Soil applications of pairs of EPN species prior to potato planting did not affect <em>L. decemlineata</em> adult survival either during the summer or following spring. However, tuber damage caused by wireworms and white grubs was reduced by 40% using a combination of <em>H</em>. <em>bacteriophora</em> ‘Oswego’ and <em>S</em>. <em>feltiae</em> ‘NY04’. Overall, EPNs applied in soil have potential as biocontrol agents for soil-dwelling pests like wireworms and white grubs in potato, and their efficacy also may extend beyond a single cropping season, but do not seem to be an effective tool for <em>L. decemlineata</em> management in potato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}