Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Contamination by systemic insecticide harms the dispersal ability of the lady beetle Hippodamia variegata","authors":"Menghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongchun Yv ,&nbsp;Changchun Dai ,&nbsp;Yanhui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lady beetle <em>Hippodamia variegata</em> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a generalist predator in Xinjiang, China, preying on aphids such as <em>Aphis gossypii</em> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and other arthropods in agricultural ecosystems. Imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide globally, is commonly used to manage sucking pests such as aphids; however, it can have detrimental sublethal effects on some natural enemies. The development of IPM programs against pests requires an evaluation of the side effects of insecticides on important natural enemies. We found that exposure to aphids treated with sublethal levels of imidacloprid (LC₂₀ and LC₅₀) reduced longevity, fecundity, and flight performance of <em>H. variegata</em> adults. Specifically, exposure to aphids treated at the LC₅₀ level reduced the flight distance and flight duration of the lady beetle by 81.9 % and 78.5 %, respectively, compared with the control group. Carbohydrate metabolism in lady beetles fed aphids in the LC₂₀ and LC₅₀ groups was significantly impaired, leading to higher trehalose and glycogen content compared to beetles in the control group that were fed untreated aphids. Moreover, the activity of metabolism enzymes was significantly reduced, although there was no significant effect on the levels of metabolism enzymes. In mark-release-recapture experiments conducted in cotton fields, sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid significantly reduced the dispersal distance of these beetles during the first two days after release. These results demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid have a negative impact on the flight dispersal ability of <em>H. variegata</em>, which could impair the regional biological control services provided by this predator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Phyllosticta capitalensis causing black leaf spot on Camellia oleifera in Hunan, China","authors":"Zhaohui Hu ,&nbsp;Liangxuan Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaomao Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Guoying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Camellia oleifera</em> is a multifunctional woody edible crop and is widely cultivated in China. Since 2024, black leaf spots were commonly observed on <em>C. oleifera</em> in Changde City and Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, China. The pathogen was isolated from the symptomatic leaves and identified as <em>Phyllosticta capitalensis</em> based on morphological characteristics (colonies and conidia) as well as multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elonation factor 1-alpha gene (<em>tef1</em>), and actin gene (<em>act</em>). Leaves inoculated with the representative isolates cause disease symptoms on <em>C. oleifera</em> leaves that are similar to those observed in the field<em>.</em> Koch's postulates were supported by pathogen re-isolation and identification from the inoculated leaves. As far as we know, this is the first report of <em>P</em>. <em>capitalensis</em> causing foliar disease on <em>C. oleifera</em> in Hunan Province, China. These findings will contribute to making scientific management strategies for this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungicides for the management of blackleg disease of canola caused by Leptosphaeria maculans in the Western Cape province of South Africa","authors":"Huibrecht Maria Schreuder ,&nbsp;Gerhardus Johannes van Coller ,&nbsp;Beatrix Coetzee ,&nbsp;Diane Mostert","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blackleg disease, caused by <em>Leptosphaeria maculans</em>, severely impacts canola production in the Western Cape. Fungicides are an important component of integrated management, but little information is available on fungicide efficacy under South African conditions. With decreased sensitivity reported for <em>L</em>. <em>maculans</em> to the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) class fungicides in Australia and Europe, it is important that fungicide sensitivity is also evaluated locally. This study screened 118 <em>L. maculans</em> isolates, collected between 2007 and 2022 from canola growing regions of the Western Cape, for <em>in vitro</em> sensitivity to two active ingredients frequently used in canola production, namely tebuconazole and prothioconazole. Field trials were conducted at four locations in 2022 and 2023 to assess the efficacy of six fungicide products on two canola cultivars. Tebuconazole 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) ranged from 144.9 ng/mL to 985.3 ng/mL, which was within the range of EC₅₀ values found for sensitive isolates in similar studies. Tebuconazole EC₅₀ values steadily increased from 2020 to 2022, suggesting a shift in sensitivity. Prothioconazole EC₅₀ values were between 270.3 ng/mL and 1620.4 ng/mL. In the field trials, all fungicide products, except the unregistered product Bumper, were effective in lowering blackleg severity. The cultivar Diamond showed a greater fungicide response than the more resistant cultivar 44Y94. Under higher disease pressure, however, fungicide applications also reduced blackleg severity in 44Y94. When sequences of the <em>CYP51</em> promotor region were screened for inserts associated with reduced DMI sensitivity, no inserts were detected in local isolates. This study provides a foundation for the effective and sustainable use of fungicides in an integrated blackleg management strategy in South Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifeedant activities of some plant secondary metabolites on cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833)) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Zekeriya Köker ,&nbsp;Ali Arda Işıkber","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the antifeedant activities of selected plant secondary metabolites (PSMs)—allyl isothiocyanate, geraniol, allyl disulfide, eugenol, citronellal, carvacrol, tannin, gossypol, α-pinene, and carvone— against fourth-instar larvae of the cotton leafworm (<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisduval, 1833)) under controlled laboratory conditions. These compounds were incorporated into artificial diets at 10, 100, and 1000 ppm concentrations, and their effects were assessed using both choice and no-choice feeding tests. The no-choice feeding tests showed that allyl isothiocyanate, geraniol, allyl disulfide, and carvacrol exhibited stronger antifeedant activity compared to the other PSMs. The antifeedant index (AFI) values of allyl isothiocyanate, eugenol, carvacrol, α-pinene, and carvone increased with higher concentrations whereas the AFI values of citronellal, geraniol, tannin, and gossypol showed no significant change across concentrations. All tested PSMs demonstrated positive efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) values at 10 and 100 ppm, indicating efficient nutrient utilization at lower doses. However, at 1000 ppm, allyl isothiocyanate, allyl disulfide, carvacrol, and carvone caused negative ECI values, suggesting impaired assimilation and potential toxicity. In choice feeding tests, carvacrol, allyl isothiocyanate, and allyl disulfide consistently exhibited significantly higher AFI values across all feeding periods at 10 and 100 ppm, outperforming the remaining PSMs. Among them, carvacrol displayed the highest and most stable AFI values across all concentrations and feeding times. In conclusion, both bioassay approaches consistently identified allyl isothiocyanate, allyl disulfide, and carvacrol as the most potent antifeedants against <em>S. littoralis</em> larvae, suggesting their potential for further evaluation as botanical deterrents in integrated pest management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erioglossum rubiginosum, a new alternative host of rubber tree powdery mildew Erysiphe quercicola","authors":"Zheyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Yin ,&nbsp;Jonathan S. West ,&nbsp;Daquan Luo ,&nbsp;Xueren Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Erioglossum rubiginosum</em> (synonym as <em>Lepisanthes rubiginosa</em>), is a shrub-like plant belonging to the family Sapindaceae. This species is a common undergrowth plant species in rubber tree plantations, which provide more than 90% of the total natural rubber production<em>.</em> Powdery mildew was found to occur seriously on <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em> during an investigation on powdery mildew of rubber tree caused by <em>Erysiphe quercicola.</em> In this study, leaves of <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em> with powdery mildew symptoms were collected and the pathogen was identified using morphological and molecular analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28 S rDNA regions. The results indicated that <em>E</em>. <em>quercicola</em> was the causal agent of <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em> powdery mildew. Based on cross-pathogenicity analysis, <em>E</em>. <em>quercicola</em> from <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em> and rubber tree could cause typical symptoms on each other, which confirmed that <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em> is an alternative host of rubber tree powdery mildew. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>E</em>. <em>quercicola</em> causing powdery mildew on <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em>. Whether <em>E</em>. <em>rubiginosum</em> can be one of the primary sources of the rubber tree powdery mildew epidemics needs future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual IAPPS Governing Board meeting – Sept 5, 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analyses of charcoal rot resistance and yield-related traits in post-rainy sorghum genotypes using AMMI and MTSI in multi-environment trials","authors":"I.K. Das ,&nbsp;R. Madhusudhana ,&nbsp;Baswaraj R ,&nbsp;V.M. Gholve ,&nbsp;M.R. Govindappa ,&nbsp;N. Kannababu ,&nbsp;G. Girish","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charcoal rot (CR), caused by <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>, is the most economically significant soil-borne disease of sorghum in many countries. The disease is highly influenced by the environment and known to be severe in high-yielding cultivars. Therefore, developing a CR resistant cultivar combined with high yield is challenging. Information on the relationship between traits associated with CR resistance and yield is lacking. This multi-environment study analysed genetic variation and relationships among the major traits associated with CR resistance—namely, CR index (CRI), CR lesion length (LL), and lodging (LOG); and yield—namely, grain yield (GY), stover yield (SY), and harvest index (HI) in popular post-rainy (Rabi) sorghum cultivars in India. The objective was to identify cultivar(s) that balance(s) stability and performance for both CR resistance and yield traits for pan-India presence. Eight cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials across eight environments in India during the post-rainy seasons of 2018–2020. Most of the traits showed significant positive correlations with each other (p &lt; 0.05 to p &lt; 0.001). Environment-wise individual analysis of variance indicated significant variations for all traits in nearly all environments. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) genotypic (G), environmental (E), and G × E interaction effects for all the traits. Based on performance on mean and stability, the top two genotypes in AMMI analysis were CSV26 and CSV29R. Analysis using the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) identified the cultivar CSV26 for combined performance on mean and stability, as well as stability alone, whereas CSV29R was identified for performance on mean alone. Among the eight tested cultivars, CSV26 was identified as the best genotype for performance on mean and stability in AMMI analysis, multi-trait stability index (MTSI) analysis, and based on predicted mean values in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). CSV26 will serve as an important source material for developing stable sorghum cultivars for pan-India performance. The simultaneous use of data analysis methods, namely AMMI, MTSI, and BLUP, would be highly beneficial for plant breeders, enhancing the precision of selecting superior genotypes from multi-environment trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant volatiles from Mentha haplocalyx repel Grapholita molesta and decrease the infestation rate of apple fruits","authors":"Yunhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyu Hu ,&nbsp;Hengqiu Jia ,&nbsp;Zhaotan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Donghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Grapholita molesta</em> is a globally prevalent fruit-boring pest characterized by its overlapping generations, resulting in annual economic losses. <em>Mentha haplocalyx</em>, as a functional plant, exhibits effective pest-repelling properties against a range of pests. To date, no studies have investigated the repellent effects of <em>M. haplocalyx</em> on <em>G. molesta</em>. through both field and laboratory investigations, <em>M. haplocalyx</em> reduced <em>G. molesta</em> fruit infestation from 33.00 % to 9.67 % in the field and from 77.78 % to 56.67 % in the laboratory. In the behavioral response experiment, the repellency rate of <em>M. haplocalyx</em> against 1-day-old unmated male and female <em>G. molesta</em> adults exceeded 80 %. Eight and five compounds that elicited electroantennographic detection responses in female and male <em>G. molesta</em> adults, respectively, were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The electroantennogram responses revealed that all of the tested active compounds elicited antennal sensitivity. The olfactory behavioral response experiments revealed that among the 8 electroantennographic detection active compounds tested in female adults, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (0.1, 1, and 10 μL/mL), ether (0.1 μL/mL), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (0.1 and 1 μL/mL), ethyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (1 μL/mL), decanal (1 μL/mL), p-xylene (1 and 10 μL/mL), and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (10 μL/mL) exhibited significant repellent effects on female <em>G. molesta</em> adults, but decamethylcyclopentasiloxane did not demonstrate tropism at all of the tested concentrations. In male adults, ethyl isovalerate (0.1, 1, and 10 μL/mL), benzoylthiocarbimide (0.1 μL/mL), ethyl carbonate (0.1 and 1 μL/mL), nonanal (0.1 and 1 μL/mL), and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (1 and 10 μL/mL) showed significant repellent effects. This study proposes an innovative intercropping strategy that can effectively suppress <em>G. molesta</em>, thereby providing valuable insights for sustainable and eco-friendly pest management in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Pyrethroid Resistance in the bruchid beetle, Bruchus rufimanus, in Ireland","authors":"Antoine Pichon ,&nbsp;Stephen Byrne ,&nbsp;Sheila Alves ,&nbsp;Eamon Nolan ,&nbsp;Louise McNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bruchus rufimanus</em> Boh. (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) is a significant pest of <em>Vicia faba</em> L. (faba bean), adversely affecting yield and grain quality. The primary control method currently employed against this pest involves the application of a pyrethroid insecticide when the initial bean pods emerge in the field and the temperature reaches 20 °C for two consecutive days. However, potential resistance to pyrethroids has been observed in <em>B. rufimanus</em> populations in Europe. This study provides substantial evidence for resistance to a pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin in an Irish population of <em>B. rufimanus.</em> The results demonstrate resistance with an LD50 of 114 % compared to the maximum individual dose allowed of 7.5g a.i./ha. The mechanism of resistance involves metabolic resistance, as evidenced by an increase in the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin when combined with Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), a synergist that inhibits detoxifying enzymes. Additionally, the population was examined for the L1014F mutation in the VGSC gene, which is responsible for most cases of pyrethroid resistance in Chrysomelidae, and no L1014F mutation was identified. Our results describe for the first time the presence of pyrethroid resistance in <em>B. rufimanus</em> in Ireland. This work emphasises the difficulties in controlling <em>B. rufimanus</em> with insecticide and highlights the requirement to study the evolution of resistance in populations to provide an appropriate management strategy to growers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of the predator green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea for resistance to chlorfenapyr: stability, cross resistance, and fitness cost","authors":"Muhammad Abubakar ,&nbsp;Sarfraz Ali Shad","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective way to solve the problem of resistance development in pest populations is to integrate chemical and biological control. One hurdle to this combined strategy is the susceptibility of biocontrol agents to sprayed insecticides. In this study, a population of <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Stephens) named Pirate-Sel was selected with chlorfenapyr to determine the gain in resistance, stability, and fitness cost. Pirate-Sel strain developed significantly high resistance (306.64 fold) after 18 generations of selection when compared with the laboratory susceptible population of <em>C. carnea.</em> The Pirate-Sel strain did not show cross-resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratio, RR = 0.64), spirotetramat (RR = 0.48), and triazofos (RR = 0.94). The Pirate-Sel strain was further reared for 5 generations without selection pressure resulting in a significant decrease of its resistance from 94329.29 mg of a.i./L to 22760.64 mg of a.i./L with a decrease in resistance ratio from 306.64-fold to 73.99-folds compared to the susceptible population. Two reciprocal crosses between Pirate-Sel and Unselected strain (Unsel) of <em>C. carnea</em> were also maintained in the laboratory; Cross-A (Pirate-Sel ♀ × Unsel ♂) and Cross-B (Unsel ♀ × Pirate-Sel ♂). The result of the fitness experiment showed that the egg hatching (%), pupation rate (%), and fecundity of Pirate-Sel population remained statistically similar to that of the Unsel population. The mean relative fitness value of Pirate-Sel, Unsel, Susceptible, Cross-A, and Cross-B strains of <em>C. carnea</em> was 1.17, 1.00, 0.77, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively. In conclusion, the development of high chlorfenapyr resistance in <em>C. carnea</em> did not affect negatively its biology, as resistance comes with no fitness cost. Our findings provide a basic knowledge of the integration of chemical and biological control for pest management with minimal or no negative effect on natural enemies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}