Current Environmental Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Culture-Based Methods for Monitoring Antibiotic-Resistant Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas as Environmentally Relevant Pathogens in Wastewater and Surface Water.","authors":"Erin G Milligan, Jeanette Calarco, Benjamin C Davis, Ishi M Keenum, Krista Liguori, Amy Pruden, Valerie J Harwood","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00393-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00393-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mounting evidence indicates that habitats such as wastewater and environmental waters are pathways for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We identified antibiotic-resistant members of the genera Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas as key opportunistic pathogens that grow or persist in built (e.g., wastewater) or natural aquatic environments. Effective methods for monitoring these ARB in the environment are needed to understand their influence on dissemination of ARB and ARGs, but standard methods have not been developed. This systematic review considers peer-reviewed papers where the ARB above were cultured from wastewater or surface water, focusing on the accuracy of current methodologies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies suggest that many clinically important ARGs were originally acquired from environmental microorganisms. Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas species are of interest because their ability to persist and grow in the environment provides opportunities to engage in horizontal gene transfer with other environmental bacteria. Pathogenic strains of these organisms resistant to multiple, clinically relevant drug classes have been identified as an urgent threat. However, culture methods for these bacteria were generally developed for clinical samples and are not well-vetted for environmental samples. The search criteria yielded 60 peer-reviewed articles over the past 20 years, which reported a wide variety of methods for isolation, confirmation, and antibiotic resistance assays. Based on a systematic comparison of the reported methods, we suggest a path forward for standardizing methodologies for monitoring antibiotic resistant strains of these bacteria in water environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"154-171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9708275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable Passive Samplers for Assessing Environmental Exposure to Organic Chemicals: Current Approaches and Future Directions.","authors":"Joseph O Okeme,&nbsp;Jeremy P Koelmel,&nbsp;Emily Johnson,&nbsp;Elizabeth Z Lin,&nbsp;Dong Gao,&nbsp;Krystal J Godri Pollitt","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-023-00392-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We are continuously exposed to dynamic mixtures of airborne contaminants that vary by location. Understanding the compositional diversity of these complex mixtures and the levels to which we are each exposed requires comprehensive exposure assessment. This comprehensive analysis is often lacking in population-based studies due to logistic and analytical challenges associated with traditional measurement approaches involving active air sampling and chemical-by-chemical analysis. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of wearable passive samplers as alternative tools to active samplers in environmental health research. The review highlights the advances and challenges in using wearable passive samplers for assessing personal exposure to organic chemicals and further presents a framework to enable quantitative measurements of exposure and expanded use of this monitoring approach to the population scale.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Overall, wearable passive samplers are promising tools for assessing personal exposure to environmental contaminants, evident by the increased adoption and use of silicone-based devices in recent years. When combined with high throughput chemical analysis, these exposure assessment tools present opportunities for advancing our ability to assess personal exposures to complex mixtures. Most designs of wearable passive samplers used for assessing exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals are currently uncalibrated, thus, are mostly used for qualitative research. The challenge with using wearable samplers for quantitative exposure assessment mostly lies with the inherent complexity in calibrating these wearable devices. Questions remain regarding how they perform under various conditions and the uncertainty of exposure estimates. As popularity of these samplers grows, it is critical to understand the uptake kinetics of chemicals and the different environmental and meteorological conditions that can introduce variability. Wearable passive samplers enable evaluation of exposure to hundreds of chemicals. The review presents the state-of-the-art of technology for assessing personal exposure to environmental chemicals. As more studies calibrate wearable samplers, these tools present promise for quantitatively assessing exposure at both the individual and population levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"84-98"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equitable Urban Planning: Harnessing the Power of Comprehensive Plans.","authors":"David Rojas-Rueda,&nbsp;Emily Morales-Zamora","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00399-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-023-00399-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Describe the role of comprehensive plans in promoting health equity in urban communities. Specifically, the review aims to identify recent findings related to using comprehensive plans to shape social determinants of health and to discuss the challenges that comprehensive plans face in promoting health equity. The review also presents recommendations for how urban planners, public health practitioners, and policymakers can work together to promote health equity through comprehensive planning efforts.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The evidence highlights the importance of comprehensive plans in promoting health equity in communities. These plans can shape the social determinants of health, such as housing, transportation, and green space, which significantly impact health outcomes. However, comprehensive plans face challenges related to the lack of data and understanding of the social determinants of health and the need for collaboration between multiple sectors and community groups. To effectively promote health equity through comprehensive plans, a standardized framework that incorporates health equity considerations is needed. This framework should include common goals and objectives, guidance on assessing potential impacts, performance metrics, and community engagement strategies. Urban planners and local authorities play a critical role in developing clear guidelines for integrating health equity considerations into planning efforts. Harmonizing comprehensive plan requirements across the USA are also essential to ensure equitable access to opportunities for health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9709375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decision Framework for Selecting Critically Important Nutrients from Aquatic Foods.","authors":"Jessica Zamborain-Mason,&nbsp;Daniel Viana,&nbsp;Khristopher Nicholas,&nbsp;Erin D Jackson,&nbsp;J Zachary Koehn,&nbsp;Simone Passarelli,&nbsp;Seo-Hyun Yoo,&nbsp;Angela W Zhang,&nbsp;Hannah C Davin,&nbsp;Christopher P Duggan,&nbsp;Josef Schmidhuber,&nbsp;Christopher D Golden","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00397-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-023-00397-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Aquatic foods are increasingly being recognized as a diverse, bioavailable source of nutrients, highlighting the importance of fisheries and aquaculture for human nutrition. However, studies focusing on the nutrient supply of aquatic foods often differ in the nutrients they examine, potentially biasing their contribution to nutrition security and leading to ineffective policies or management decisions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We create a decision framework to effectively select nutrients in aquatic food research based on three key domains: human physiological importance, nutritional needs of the target population (demand), and nutrient availability in aquatic foods compared to other accessible dietary sources (supply). We highlight 41 nutrients that are physiologically important, exemplify the importance of aquatic foods relative to other food groups in the food system in terms of concentration per 100 g and apparent consumption, and provide future research pathways that we consider of high importance for aquatic food nutrition. Overall, our study provides a framework to select focal nutrients in aquatic food research and ensures a methodical approach to quantifying the importance of aquatic foods for nutrition security and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"172-183"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9707327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiome and Residential Surrounding Greenness: a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence.","authors":"Thessa Van Pee, Tim S Nawrot, Romy van Leeuwen, Janneke Hogervorst","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00398-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00398-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>A healthy indigenous intestinal microbiome is essential for human health. Well-established gut microbiome determinants only explain 16% of the inter-individual variation in gut microbiome composition. Recent studies have focused on green space as a potential determinant of the intestinal microbiome. We systematically summarize all evidence concerning the association between green space and intestinal bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness indices, specific bacterial taxa, and potential underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Seven epidemiological studies were included in this review. The majority of the included studies (n = 4) reported a positive association between green space and intestinal bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness, while two reported the opposite. There was little overlap between the publications regarding the association between green space and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Only a decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Anaerostipes and an increase in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were reported in multiple studies, predominantly suggesting that green space is positively associated with the intestinal microbiome composition, and subsequently with human health. Lastly, the only examined mechanism was a reduction in perceived psychosocial stress. Mechanisms indicated in blue and white represent tested or hypothesized mechanisms, respectively. The graphical abstract was created with illustrations from BioRender, Noun Project, and Pngtree.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"137-153"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Exposure Disparities and Neurodevelopmental Risk: a Review.","authors":"Aisha S Dickerson, Seth Frndak, Melissa DeSantiago, Ankita Mohan, Genee S Smith","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00396-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00396-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Neurotoxicant exposures are of particular concern in historically marginalized communities. Often a consequence of structural racism, low-income minoritized populations experience a disproportionate burden of hazardous exposures through proximity to industrial facilities, high traffic roads, and suboptimal housing. Here, we summarize reports on exposures and neurodevelopment focused on differences by education, income, race/ethnicity, or immigration status from 2015 to 2022, discuss the importance of such investigations in overburdened communities, and recommend areas for future research.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We found 20 studies that investigated exposure disparities and neurodevelopment in children. Most were conducted in the USA, and many focused on air pollution, followed by metal exposures and water contamination. Although several studies showed differences in exposure-outcome associations by income and education, many examining differences by race/ethnicity did not report notable disparities between groups. However, measures of individual race and ethnicity are not reliable measures of discrimination experienced as a consequence of structural racism. Our review supports scientific evidence that the reduction of individual and widespread municipal exposures will improve child development and overall public health. Identified research gaps include the use of better indicators of economic status and structural racism, evaluations of effect modification and attributable fraction of outcomes by these factors, and considerations of multidimensional neighborhood factors that could be protective against environmental insults. Considering that vulnerable populations have disparities in access to and quality of care, greater burden of exposure, and fewer resources to incur associated expenses, such populations should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11108231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Environment and Telomeres: a Long-Term Toxic Relationship.","authors":"José Francisco Herrera-Moreno, Diddier Prada, Andrea A Baccarelli","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00395-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00395-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Telomere length (TL) shortening is a hallmark of biological aging. While studies have extensively focused on the impact of environmental exposures on TL in older populations, consistent evidence indicates that prenatal environmental exposures to air pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals influence TL shortening. Here, we summarize evidence linking prenatal environmental exposures with children's TL and discuss potential long-term effects.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Current evidence shows that prenatal environmental exposures alter TL and identify pregnancy as a critical window of susceptibility for telomere damage in children. However, results vary across studies, possibly depending on the source, exposure time window, and stage evaluated. Additional research is needed to investigate whether early TL alterations mediate long-term health effects of offspring. Prenatal environmental exposures induce early childhood changes in TL. Based on known links between TL and biological aging, these alterations may have long-term impact on individuals' health throughout life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"112-124"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10849088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Synthetic Phenols and Phthalates from Dietary Intake and Personal Care Products: a Scoping Review.","authors":"Tiffany C Yang, Nicolas Jovanovic, Felisha Chong, Meegan Worcester, Amrit K Sakhi, Cathrine Thomsen, Ronan Garlantézec, Cécile Chevrier, Génon Jensen, Natacha Cingotti, Maribel Casas, Rosemary Rc McEachan, Martine Vrijheid, Claire Philippat","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00394-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00394-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>A scoping review was conducted to identify interventions that successfully alter biomarker concentrations of phenols, glycol ethers, and phthalates resulting from dietary intake and personal care product (PCPs) use.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Twenty-six interventions in populations ranging from children to older adults were identified; 11 actively removed or replaced products, 9 provided products containing the chemicals being studied, and 6 were education-only based interventions. Twelve interventions manipulated only dietary intake with a focus on bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, 8 studies intervened only on PCPs use and focused on a wider range of chemicals including BPA, phthalates, triclosan, parabens, and ultraviolet absorbers, while 6 studies intervened on both diet and PCPs and focused on phthalates, parabens, and BPA and its alternatives. No studies assessed glycol ethers. All but five studies reported results in the expected direction, with interventions removing potential sources of exposures lowering EDC concentrations and interventions providing exposures increasing EDC concentrations. Short interventions lasting a few days were successful. Barriers to intervention success included participant compliance and unintentional contamination of products. The identified interventions were generally successful but illustrated the influence of participant motivation, compliance, ease of intervention adherence, and the difficulty of fully removing exposures due their ubiquity and the difficulties of identifying \"safer\" replacement products. Policy which reduces or removes EDC in manufacturing and processing across multiple sectors, rather than individual behavior change, may have the greatest impact on population exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"184-214"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Placental Translocation of Micro- and Nanoplastics.","authors":"Eleanor A Medley, Miranda J Spratlen, Beizhan Yan, Julie B Herbstman, Maya A Deyssenroth","doi":"10.1007/s40572-023-00391-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-023-00391-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Despite increasing awareness of the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in our environments, little is known about their risk of developmental toxicity. Even less is known about the environmental distribution and associated toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs). Here, we review the current literature on the capacity for MPs and NPs to be transported across the placental barrier and the potential to exert toxicity on the developing fetus.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This review includes 11 research articles covering in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models, and observational studies. The current literature confirms the placental translocation of MPs and NPs, depending on physicochemical properties such as size, charge, and chemical modification as well as protein corona formation. Specific transport mechanisms for translocation remain unclear. There is emerging evidence of placental and fetal toxicity due to plastic particles based on animal and in vitro studies. Nine out of eleven studies examined in this review found that plastic particles were capable of placental translocation. In the future, more studies are needed to confirm and quantify the existence of MPs and NPs in human placentas. Additionally, translocation of different plastic particle types and heterogenous mixtures across the placenta, exposure at different periods of gestation, and associations with adverse birth and other developmental outcomes should also be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"99-111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9759085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Happens In Utero Does Not Stay In Utero: a Review of Evidence for Prenatal Epigenetic Programming by Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Infants, Children, and Adolescents.","authors":"Wei Perng, Dorothy Nakiwala, Jaclyn M Goodrich","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00387-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-022-00387-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Review human literature on the relationship between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and epigenetic modifications in infants, children, and adolescents < 18 years of age.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Eleven studies were identified, with study populations located in the U.S., Taiwan, Japan, and the Kingdom of Denmark. Many studies (n = 5) were cross-sectional, with PFAS exposure and epigenetic outcomes measured in the same tissue collected at delivery via cord blood or dried newborn blood spots. The other six studies were prospective, with prenatal PFAS measured on maternal blood during pregnancy and DNA methylation (DNAm) assessed in cord blood and childhood peripheral leukocytes (n = 1 study). Epigenetic marks of interest included global DNAm measures (LINE-1, Alu, and an ELISA-based method), candidate genes (IFG2, H19, and MEST), and epigenome-wide DNA methylation via array-based methods (Infinium 450 K and EPIC). Two studies using array-based methods employed discovery and validation paradigms, in which a small subset of loci (n = 6 and n = 4) were replicated in the discovery population. One site (TNXB) was a hit in two independent studies. Collectively, loci associated with PFAS were in regions involved in growth and development, lipid metabolism, and nutrient metabolism. There is moderate human evidence supporting associations of prenatal PFAS exposure on DNAm at birth, with one study suggesting sustained effects into childhood. Future studies are warranted to link PFAS-associated DNAm to health outcomes, as well as to investigate the role of other epigenetic marks such as hydroxymethylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9135516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}