Current Environmental Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"What Is \"Socioeconomic Position (SEP),\" and How Might It Modify Air Pollution-Health Associations? Cohering Findings, Identifying Challenges, and Disentangling Effects of SEP and Race in US City Settings.","authors":"Jane E Clougherty, Jamie L Humphrey, Ellen J Kinnee, Richard Remigio, Perry E Sheffield","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00359-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-022-00359-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Environmental epidemiology has long considered socioeconomic position (SEP) to be an important confounder of pollution effects on health, given that, in the USA, lower-income and minority communities are often disproportionately exposed to pollution. In recent decades, a growing literature has revealed that lower-SEP communities may also be more susceptible to pollution. Given the vast number of material and psychosocial stressors that vary by SEP, however, it is unclear which specific aspects of SEP may underlie this susceptibility. As environmental epidemiology engages more rigorously with issues of differential susceptibility, it is pertinent to define SEP more clearly, to disentangle its many aspects, and to move towards identifying causal components. Myriad stressors and exposures vary with SEP, with effects accumulating and interacting over the lifecourse. Here, we ask: In the context of environmental epidemiology, how do we meaningfully characterize\"SEP\"?</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In answering this question, it is critical to acknowledge that SEP, stressors, and pollution are differentially distributed by race in US cities. These distributions have been shaped by neighborhood sorting and race-based residential segregation rooted in historical policies and processes (e.g., redlining), which have served to concentrate wealth and opportunities for education and employment in predominantly-white communities. As a result, it is now profoundly challenging to separate SEP from race in the urban US setting. Here, we cohere evidence from our recent and on-going studies aimed at disentangling synergistic health effects among SEP-related stressors and pollutants. We consider an array of SEP-linked social stressors, and discuss persistent challenges in this epidemiology, many of which are related to spatial confounding among multiple pollutants and stressors. Combining quantitative results with insights from qualitative data on neighborhood perceptions and stress (including violence and police-community relations), we offer a lens towards unpacking the complex interplay among SEP, community stressors, race, and pollution in US cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9363384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48215335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Maternal Smoke, DNA Methylation, and Multi-omics of Tissues and Child Health","authors":"M. Cosín-Tomás, Ariadna Cilleros-Portet, Sofía Aguilar-Lacasaña, N. Fernández-Jiménez, M. Bustamante","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00361-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00361-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"502 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44168212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts at Different Stages of the Policy Process in Cities.","authors":"Jaime Benavides, Sebastian T Rowland, Jenni A Shearston, Yanelli Nunez, Darby W Jack, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00349-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-022-00349-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Evaluating the environmental health impacts of urban policies is critical for developing and implementing policies that lead to more healthy and equitable cities. This article aims to (1) identify research questions commonly used when evaluating the health impacts of urban policies at different stages of the policy process, (2) describe commonly used methods, and (3) discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In the diagnosis and design stages of the policy process, research questions aim to characterize environmental problems affecting human health and to estimate the potential impacts of new policies. Simulation methods using existing exposure-response information to estimate health impacts predominate at these stages of the policy process. In subsequent stages, e.g., during implementation, research questions aim to understand the actual policy impacts. Simulation methods or observational methods, which rely on experimental data gathered in the study area to assess the effectiveness of the policy, can be applied at these stages. Increasingly, novel techniques fuse both simulation and observational methods to enhance the robustness of impact evaluations assessing implemented policies. The policy process consists of interdependent stages, from inception to end, but most reviewed studies focus on single stages, neglecting the continuity of the policy life cycle. Studies assessing the health impacts of policies using a multi-stage approach are lacking. Most studies investigate intended impacts of policies; focusing also on unintended impacts may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"183-195"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8986968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Effectiveness of Current US Policies on Antimicrobial Use in Meat and Poultry Production.","authors":"David Wallinga, Lidwien A M Smit, Meghan F Davis, Joan A Casey, Keeve E Nachman","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00351-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-022-00351-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Industrial food animal production accounts for most animal-source protein consumed in the USA. These operations rely on an array of external inputs, which can include antimicrobials of medical importance. The use of these drugs in this context has been the subject of public health debate for decades because their widespread use contributes to the selection for and proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria and their genetic determinants. Here, we describe legislative and regulatory efforts, at different levels of governance in the USA, to curtail food animal consumption of medically important antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The features and relative success of the US efforts are examined alongside those of selected member states (Denmark and the Netherlands) of the European Union. Evaluation of efforts at all levels of US governance was complicated by shortcomings in prescribed data collection; nevertheless, available information suggests deficiencies in policy implementation and enforcement compromise the effectiveness of interventions pursued to date. The political will, robust systems for collecting and integrating data on antimicrobial consumption and use, and cross-sectoral collaboration that have been integral to the success of efforts in Denmark and The Netherlands have been notably absent in the USA, especially at the federal level.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"339-354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9090690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10061286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air (ine)quality in the European Union.","authors":"Éloi Laurent","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00348-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-022-00348-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper presents an analytical review of recent research on social inequality caused or compounded by ambient air pollution in the European Union.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While empirical studies have developed significantly both in the academic and institutional arena, they have largely focused on only one aspect: the exposure and sensitivity of individuals and groups to air pollution according to various criteria, documenting substantial and overlapping inequality. While EU policy should better address this proven impact inequality, research is also needed on new fronts of air (ine)quality (namely mental health impact and indoor air quality) as well as other types of ambient air inequality (such as inequality in responsibility and impact of air pollution mitigation policy).</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Climate, Air Pollution, and Health in North Africa.","authors":"Sekmoudi Imane, Bouakline Oumaima, Khomsi Kenza, Idrissi Laila, El Merabet Youssef, Souhaili Zineb, El Jarmouni Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00350-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40572-022-00350-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The aim of this review is to summarize and provide clear insights into studies that evaluate the interaction between air pollution, climate, and health in North Africa.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Few studies have estimated the effects of climate and air pollution on health in North Africa. Most of the studies highlighted the evidence of the link between climate and air pollution as driving factors and increased mortality and morbidity as health outcomes. Each North African country prioritized research on a specific health factor. It was observed that the health outcome from each driving factor depends on the studied area and data availability. The latter is a major challenge in the region. As such, more studies should be led in the future to cover more areas in North Africa and when more data are available. Data availability will help to explore the applicability of different tools and techniques new to the region. This review explores studies related to climate and air pollution, and their possible impacts on health in North Africa. On one hand, air quality studies have focused mainly on particulate matter exceedance levels and their long-term exposure impacts, namely, morbidity and mortality. The observed differences between the various studies are mainly due to the used exposure-response function, the studied population, background emissions, and natural emission from the Sahara Desert that characterize the region. On the other hand, climate studies have focused primarily on the impact of heat waves, vector-borne disease, and mental disorders. More than half of these studies have been on leishmaniasis disease. The review revealed unbalanced and insufficient research on health impacts from air pollution episodes and climate extremes across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"276-298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8964241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43442970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Diet as a Modifier of Environmental Risk Factors for Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.","authors":"Megan Bragg,&nbsp;Jorge E Chavarro,&nbsp;Ghassan B Hamra,&nbsp;Jaime E Hart,&nbsp;Loni Philip Tabb,&nbsp;Marc G Weisskopf,&nbsp;Heather E Volk,&nbsp;Kristen Lyall","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00347-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00347-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Environmental chemicals and toxins have been associated with increased risk of impaired neurodevelopment and specific conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prenatal diet is an individually modifiable factor that may alter associations with such environmental factors. The purpose of this review is to summarize studies examining prenatal dietary factors as potential modifiers of the relationship between environmental exposures and ASD or related neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Twelve studies were identified; five examined ASD diagnosis or ASD-related traits as the outcome (age at assessment range: 2-5 years) while the remainder addressed associations with neurodevelopmental scores (age at assessment range: 6 months to 6 years). Most studies focused on folic acid, prenatal vitamins, or omega-3 fatty acids as potentially beneficial effect modifiers. Environmental risk factors examined included air pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals. Most studies took place in North America. In 10/12 studies, the prenatal dietary factor under study was identified as a significant modifier, generally attenuating the association between the environmental exposure and ASD or neurodevelopment. Prenatal diet may be a promising target to mitigate adverse effects of environmental exposures on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further research focused on joint effects is needed that encompasses a broader variety of dietary factors, guided by our understanding of mechanisms linking environmental exposures with neurodevelopment. Future studies should also aim to include diverse populations, utilize advanced methods to optimize detection of novel joint effects, incorporate consideration of timing, and consider both synergistic and antagonistic potential of diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"324-338"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9098668/pdf/nihms-1791087.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9911136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Occupational Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Maryam Bemanalizadeh, Mehri Khoshhali, Parvin Goli, I. Abdollahpour, R. Kelishadi","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00356-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00356-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"406 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Climate Change in Changing Hepatic Health Maps","authors":"A. Saad-Hussein, H. Ramadan, Ashraf Bareedy, Reda Elwakil","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00352-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00352-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"299 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting the Impacts of a Changing Climate: Tropical Cyclones and Flooding","authors":"G. B. Anderson, A. Schumacher, J. Done, J. Hurrell","doi":"10.1007/s40572-022-00340-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-022-00340-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10775,"journal":{"name":"Current Environmental Health Reports","volume":"9 1","pages":"244 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42271543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}