Current drug metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Exosomal Biomarkers in the Monitoring of Bioactivation and Metabolite Clearance of Chemotherapeutics in Cancer Patients.","authors":"S Satheesh, V Sekar, V S Kaarnika, B S Maageswaree, G K Bhoopendra, B Ibrahim, S Nithish, V Gowtham","doi":"10.2174/0113892002399475260223055432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892002399475260223055432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactivation and clearance of anticancer agents are crucial factors in the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer drugs. Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. These vesicles contain drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and RNA. Exosomes can be non-invasively collected from the blood. This article has been prepared by combining the evidence of the role of exosomal cytochrome P450 isoforms, such as cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6, and cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5, in the oxidation of anticancer drugs in the first phase of drug metabolism. Exosomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 has been found to help in the conjugation of anticancer drugs in the second phase of drug metabolism. Exosomal ATP-binding cassette transporters, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein have been found to act as intercellular conveyors of drug efflux capacity. These transporters can modulate the efficacy of chemotherapy. Exosomal microRNAs, such as microRNA-21, microRNA-155, and microRNA-1246, have been found to modulate apoptosis, DNA repair, metabolic adaptation, and chemotherapy resistance through the PI3K/AKT pathway, EZH2/STAT3 pathway, and PDCD4 pathway. Long non-coding RNAs, such as UCA1 and HOXA antisense RNA, can reprogram the chromatin structure. These long non-coding RNAs can suppress tumor suppressor genes, thus leading to chemotherapy resistance. Bioinformatics pipelines have been designed to bridge the gap between exosomal RNA and protein levels in the profile of dynamic metabolic states. The challenges in the field of exosomal therapy drug monitoring have been discussed in the article. The article has recommended the use of artificial intelligence in the integration of omics with microfluidic technology for the improvement of exosomal therapy drug monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"27 3","pages":"174-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Impact of Protein Corona on Biological Fate of Nanomedicine-loaded Microneedles.","authors":"Junli Zhu, Wenhao Wang, Zhengwei Huang","doi":"10.2174/0113892002459335260311061441","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002459335260311061441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to adsorption of proteins, abundant protein molecules quickly bind to the nanoparticles' (NPs) surface when they enter the bloodstream, forming a \"protein corona.\" The protein corona leads to rapid clearance of NPs, thereby impeding efficient drug delivery. Notably, microneedles (MNs) can reduce protein corona formation by altering the route of drug entry and confining the drug within the local tissue microenvironment. This article outlines the relationship between drug-loaded MNs and the protein corona and proposes strategies to suppress its formation. Furthermore, it underscores that the synergy between microneedles and stealth nanocarriers can minimize the detrimental effects associated with protein corona formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"153-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Complexities of Herbal Medicinal Extracts: A Review of Bioavailability, Interactions, and Standardization.","authors":"Manoj Madanahalli Ramesh, Sneha Dinesh, Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa, Richard Lobo","doi":"10.2174/0113892002430015251201072618","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002430015251201072618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal medicines have gained remarkable popularity due to their natural origins and potential medicinal value. Nevertheless, they are chemically complex and pose significant pharmacological challenges. This review focuses on the key aspects influencing their clinical use: their variable bioavailability, complex pharmacokinetics (ADME), and potential for interactions. A primary concern is herb-drug interactions, with special emphasis on the modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes by specific phytoconstituents, which can alter drug concentrations to an extent that may be life-threatening, causing either increased toxicity or therapeutic failure. The pharmacological profile is further complicated by the complex effects of constituents, such as synergistic or antagonistic actions, which make predicting therapeutic response and safety difficult. A critical challenge in this field is the frequent disconnect between in vitro findings and in vivo outcomes, underscoring the importance of pharmacokinetic data, particularly bioavailability, for accurate clinical risk assessment. Safety is a paramount concern, as it is often compromised by inconsistent standardization and quality control, leading to batch-to-batch variability, potential adulteration, and contamination. The absence of stringent regulation impairs therapeutic consistency and introduces health risks. To address these issues, advanced approaches are being employed to improve bioavailability, including novel drug delivery systems that enhance solubility and stability. This review emphasizes that a rigorous, phytoconstituent-centric approach is essential for navigating the complexities of herbal medicine. By addressing challenges in pharmacokinetics, interactions, safety, standardization, and bioavailability through rigorous scientific investigation and embracing future perspectives, such as in silico modeling and improved regulatory frameworks, the quality, safety, and effectiveness of herbal treatments can be ensured, supporting their responsible integration into modern, evidence-based medical systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Nanocochleates in Clinical Trials: A Review of Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Alka Singh, Sushma Verma","doi":"10.2174/1389200227999260101093423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389200227999260101093423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article titled \"Nanocochleates in Clinical Trials: A Review of Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions\", published in Current Drug Metabolism, 2025, 26(6), 390-401 [1], the in-text citation of references [100, 101] was inadvertently included in Table 2 of the original version of the manuscript. The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/150830.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"27 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shenfu Decoction Extends Survival Time of Seawater-Induced Hypothermia in Rats: The Role of Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Ya-Jing Wang, Hong-Zhi Chen, Zhi-Bo Wang, Chao-Yue Sun, Chen-Yang Guo, Yi Ruan, Chuan-Tao Li, Bin Zou, Zi-Fei Yin, Wei Gu","doi":"10.2174/0113892002403722251122095723","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002403722251122095723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shenfu decoction (SFD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, is used in clinical emergencies. Its effects on seawater-induced hypothermia remain unclear. This study investigates the therapeutic mechanisms of SFD in improving the survival of hypothermic rats through metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hypothermia was induced in rats via seawater immersion. The chemical constituents of SFD were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole timeof- flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Survival time and rates of low-temperature water-immersed rats were assessed. Rat blood samples were obtained for analysis of hematologic parameters, electrolytes, hepatic and renal function, cardiac injury, and inflammatory cytokines. To investigate the potential mechanism underlying the survival-prolonging effect of SFD on seawater-immersed hypothermic rats, untargeted blood metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling were employed for preliminary screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified almost 50 compounds in SFD, and 1.35 g/kg SFD significantly extended the survival time of seawater-induced hypothermia rats by 6 hours. After hypothermic seawater immersion, the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, as well as serum calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, cardiac troponin T, and interleukin-6 were significantly increased. However, pretreatment with 1.35 g/kg SFD in rats markedly decreased these parameters. The induction of hypothermic seawater immersion elevated blood glucose, and the administration of SFD exacerbated this increase in rats. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated levels of valerenic acid and benzoylmesaconine in the SFD group, suggesting the restoration of metabolic homeostasis. This recovery was associated with modulation of the gut microbiota, notably an enhancement of beneficial genera, such as Enterococcus.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings demonstrated that SFD significantly prolonged survival in a rat model of seawater-immersion hypothermia. The protective mechanism involved a dual action: mitigating hypothermia-induced organ damage and hematological disturbances, coupled with restoring metabolic homeostasis and modulating gut microbiota. SFD has been found to possess specifically enriched beneficial bacterial genera, linked to the activation of brown adipose tissue and non-shivering thermogenesis. This study has provided initial evidence for a gut microbiota-metabolism axis mediating SFD's protective effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFD prolonged survival in rats with seawater-induced hypothermia, likely by enhancing thermogenesis and regulating lipid metabolism through gut microbiota changes. The findings highlighted the potential of SFD for hypothermia prevention; however, its exact underlying mechanisms require further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":"27 1","pages":"58-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Microbiome-based Therapy: Bacterial Flavonoid Synthesis as a Novel Approach to PCOS Treatment.","authors":"Navjyoti Goyal, Sarita Sharma, Ruby Bhatia, Sumeet Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0113892002424403251122104355","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002424403251122104355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>PCOS is a common endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic irregularities, hormonal imbalance, and ovarian dysfunction. Traditional therapies, including dietary changes, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications, offer limited efficacy in addressing the complex pathophysiology of PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect to identify studies on gut microbiota and microbiome-based management strategies for PCOS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut bacteria in regulating hormonal and metabolic functions, sparking interest in microbiota-targeted therapies. Microbial flavonoid synthesis by species such as Streptomyces and Escherichia coli may positively influence endocrine and metabolic pathways relevant to PCOS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Modulating the gut microbiome, particularly through microbial flavonoid production, represents a promising therapeutic avenue. However, most evidence remains preclinical, with limited clinical validation. Key gaps include mechanistic understanding, safety evaluation, and translational research. Integrating microbiome-targeted interventions with conventional therapies could enhance metabolic and hormonal regulation, offering improved outcomes for women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microbiome-based medicinal approaches, including microbial flavonoid production, may offer novel strategies for PCOS management. Rigorous preclinical studies and well-designed clinical trials are essential to establish their efficacy, safety, and therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Baicalin-loaded Phytosomal Transdermal Patch for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Priya Singhal, Rupa Mazumder, Anjna Rani, Abhijit Debnath","doi":"10.2174/0113892002437368260113092840","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002437368260113092840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 diabetes management remains challenging because of low bioavailability, side effects, and poor compliance with oral therapies. Transdermal delivery methods offer a non-invasive therapeutic approach with sustained delivery, which avoids first-pass metabolism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 207 different phytochemicals were virtually screened using i-dock against the diabetic target, PPAR-γ. Subsequently, three matrix-type transdermal patches were developed: a patch containing pure baicalin, a standard patch containing metformin, and a baicalin-loaded phytosomal patch. Phytosomes loaded with baicalin were optimized by using Central Composite Design and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, drug content, physical strength, in vitro, and ex vivo studies. In vivo antidiabetic efficacy was also studied in diabetic Wistar rats over 21 days, followed by a comparison of all formulations, including histopathological analysis of pancreatic tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking studies showed promising results; baicalin has a high binding affinity for PPAR-γ (-9.8 kcal/mol). The optimized phytosomal patch confirmed a uniform drug content (91.4 ± 0.12 %) and showed sustained release over 12 hours. The ex vivo permeation study showed a significantly higher skin flux for the phytosomal patch (83.6%). In vivo studies confirmed that baicalin-loaded phytosomal patches showed significant blood glucose reductions (223 ± 0.32 to 96 ± 0.38 levels by Day 21), a comparable efficacy to standard metformin patches (224 ± 0.37mg/dL to 94 ± 0.34 mg/dL by Day 21).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The enhanced skin permeation, penetration, and sustained-release exhibited by the phytosomal transdermal patch can be explained by the phospholipid-based shell structure, leading to better affinity with the skin, facilitating retention of the drug. The comparable glycemic control observed with metformin indicates that baicalin-loaded phytosomal transdermal patches can achieve effective therapeutic concentrations via transdermal delivery, which is corroborated across two studies. These observations are consistent with previous literature documenting improved solubility and bioavailability of plant-derived actives utilizing phytosome- based systems, which have applicability for chronic metabolic diseases such as T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed phytosomal transdermal patch showed sustained release, better permeation, and potent antidiabetic activity; thus, it offers an alternative to conventional T2DM therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"198-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147510333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish as a Model Organism to Study Neurotoxicity: A Potential Tool for Neuroprotective Drug Discovery.","authors":"Rajneesh Kumar, Poonam Dhiman, Damanpreet Singh","doi":"10.2174/0113892002418502251128110509","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002418502251128110509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Danio rerio, the zebrafish, serves as an excellent model in neuroprotective drug discovery due to its conserved nervous system organization, neurotransmitter pathways, antioxidant defenses, and genomic similarity to mammals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across Pub- Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 were prioritized, with earlier key papers included for context. The data on larval, adult, and genetically modified zebrafish models were analyzed for neurotoxic effects, focusing on study design, toxicants, and neurobehavioral or molecular outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neurotoxicants such as chlorpyrifos, bisphenol, triphenyl phosphate, aluminum, ammonium acetate, arsenic, zinc, acrylamide, methylmercury, and tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate were shown to cross the zebrafish blood-brain barrier. These exposures caused significant behavioral alterations, neurotransmitter imbalances, oxidative stress, and gene or protein expression changes related to brain function. Analysis of the transgenic zebrafish revealed notable alterations in neuronal development and axonal morphology upon exposure to various neurotoxic chemicals.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Zebrafish display neurotoxic responses with a close resemblance to mammals, supporting their translational value in neurotoxicity and drug discovery studies. However, limitations such as a less complex brain compared to mammals, quick neuronal regeneration, limited tissue access, and difficulties in drug absorption quantification warrant refinements in zebrafish models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zebrafish offer a versatile, cost-effective, and genetically tractable system for neurotoxicity and neuroprotection research. This systematic review highlights their crucial role in neuroprotective drug discovery while emphasizing the need for improved methodological approaches to enhance translational reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"113-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Potentials of Natural Herbal Medicines (NHMs) in Promoting Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Vijay Pratap Ahirwar, Harshita Singhai, Gajendra Singh Thakur, Sunny Rathee, Umesh Kumar Patil","doi":"10.2174/0113892002439149251202115833","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002439149251202115833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone healing remains a major clinical challenge, especially in conditions such as osteoporosis, delayed unions, and critical-sized defects, where conventional therapies often prove inadequate. Current approaches, including growth factor therapies, autografts, and allografts, are limited by complications such as immunological reactions, donor-site morbidity, high cost, and poor long-term outcomes. In recent years, Natural Herbal Medicines (NHMs) have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their osteogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, and minerals exert significant regulatory effects on key signaling pathways, including BMP/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and RANK/RANKL/OPG, thereby restoring bone microarchitecture, suppressing osteoclastogenesis, and promoting osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. This review focuses on five medicinal plants with strong evidence in bone regeneration: Cissus quadrangularis, Dalbergia sissoo, Moringa oleifera, Withania somnifera, and Terminalia arjuna. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate their ability to enhance bone mineral density, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and callus formation, while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, synergistic effects have been reported in polyherbal formulations, and recent advances in biomaterials and nanotechnology-based carriers, such as scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, offer targeted and sustained delivery, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Despite these promising findings, major barriers remain, including poor solubility, variability in phytochemical composition, lack of standardization, and limited large-scale clinical trials. Future research must integrate toxicological profiling, pharmacokinetic studies, and regulatory harmonization to ensure safe and effective translation of these therapies. Overall, NHMs represent an affordable, biocompatible, and culturally relevant adjunct or alternative to conventional bone-healing strategies, with the potential to revolutionize orthopedic regeneration when integrated with modern delivery platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"15-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lack of Studies on the Metabolism and Disposition of Hot Compound Class: Triphenylphosphonium-conjugated Compounds.","authors":"Ming Hu, Jie Chen","doi":"10.2174/0113892002393074251023081112","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0113892002393074251023081112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10770,"journal":{"name":"Current drug metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}