Current Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Chromatography Chronicles: Unveiling the Power of Reversed-phase High-performance Thin Layer Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis","authors":"Hetvi Pandya, Dev Devaliya, Akshi Shah, Rajendra Kotadiya","doi":"10.2174/0115734110320008240628090739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110320008240628090739","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical analysis is critical in ensuring the quality and safety of drug substances and formulations. High-performance thin-layer Chromatography (HPTLC) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in the pharmaceutical industry due to its numerous advantages, including high separation efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ease of sample preparation. One of its variants, Reversed-Phase High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (RP-HPTLC), has gained immense popularity for analyzing nonpolar and slightly polar compounds, including drugs and their metabolites. This review paper draws attention to history and the recent developments in RP-HPTLC for pharmaceutical analysis. It highlights the advantages and limitations of RP-HPTLC, discussing its applications in drug analysis, impurity determination, stability-indicating assays, and more. In this study, recent advances in RP-HPTLC instrumentation and techniques were reviewed, including hyphenated methods, such as Reversed-Phase High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography coupled with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Through this comprehensive analysis, the authors aim to underscore the potential of RP-HPTLC as a reliable and efficient analytical technique in the pharmaceutical industry and shed light on future trends in this field.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Glycerol and Carbohydrates in Sweat by Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection","authors":"Zhe Jiang, Jinlei Zhao, Xing Wang, Jianzhong Lu, Gang Chen","doi":"10.2174/0115734110309623240628071103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110309623240628071103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose are important biomarkers in human sweat because their contents can reflect physiological status and health conditions. It is of high importance to determine them in sweat for health monitoring, disease diagnosis, physical training, etc. Aim: The aim of this work is to develop a method based on capillary electrophoresis and amperometric detection for the simultaneous determination of glycerol and carbohydrates in sweat. Objective: A capillary electrophoretic method based on pipette-tip-based detection electrodes and micro-injectors was developed for the simultaneous determination of glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose in sweat samples Method: Sweat samples diluted in the background electrolyte of 75 mM NaOH aqueous solution were electrokinetically introduced into a piece of separation capillary via pipette tip-based microinjectors. Glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose were determined by capillary electrophoresis in combination with a pipette-tip-based copper electrode. Results: At a DC voltage of 12 kV, the capillary electrophoretic separation of the five analytes could be achieved in less than 11 min in a piece of 40 cm long fused silica capillary containing 75 mM NaOH aqueous solution. Linearity was observed between the currents and concentrations, with the limits of detection ranging from 0.21 to 0.72 µM at a detection potential of 0.65 V. Glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose in sweat samples were positively identified and accurately measured. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of glycerol and carbohydrates in sweat samples with satisfactory assay results. It will find a wide range of applications in clinical diagnosis, health monitoring, and drug and food analysis.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Detoxification Potential of Modified Biochar from Annona senegalensis Stem Bark on Cr6+ and Cu2+ in Aqueous Solution: An Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies","authors":"Omale Aminu, Ekere Nwachukwu Romanus, Omale Jamila Audu, Ihedioha Janefrances Ngozi, Negedu Ramatu Asabe, Egu Samuel Attah","doi":"10.2174/0115734110309252240627041126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110309252240627041126","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Environmental contamination of the air, water, soil, and food has become a threat to the continued existence of many plant and animal communities in the ecosystem. The chemically activated stem bark of Anonna senegalensis was examined for equilibrium sorption. Methods: This study aimed to assess the adsorption of Cr6+ and Cu2+ onto Annona senegalensis carbon (ASC) according to the following parameters: pH, solution temperature, starting metal ion concentration, agitation duration, dose of adsorbent, particle size, and carbonization temperature using a simultaneous batch adsorption method. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion kinetic, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were all fitted using the equilibrium sorption data that were produced. Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption studies were also evaluated. Results: The physicochemical analysis of ASC showed ash content of 7.21 ± 0.02%, moisture content of 11.73 ± 0.29%, and porosity of 0.99 ± 0.08 with bulk density of 0.18 g/cm3. The heavy metalloaded scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph showed a filled pit, and the XRD diffractogram, as well as FTIR spectra, revealed peaks that were different from the raw spectra, implying functionalization. The sorption data gave optimum conditions of the adsorption process to be pH of 6, agitation time of 88 minutes, adsorbent dose of 2.5 g/g, initial metal ion concentration of 5 mg/L, temperature of 30°C, particle size of 0.154 mm and carbonization temperature of 400°C. Conclusion: The Langmuir isotherm was found to give the best-fit conformation of all the models based on superior R2 (R2 ≥0.99). Dubinin-Radushkevich proved the mechanism to be physisorption. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fits the data with R2 of 0.998 and 0.986 for Cr6+ and Cu2+. Thermodynamic results of the study revealed that ΔHᵒ for Cr6+ and Cu2+ were 32.78 and 27.14 KJ/mol and are all positive, implying an endothermic process and confirming the physisorption mechanism. The entropy change, ΔSᵒ, was also positive, revealing a high degree of disorderliness at the sorbate/sorbent interphase. The standard Gibbs free energy, ΔGᵒ, were all negative, showing spontaneity and feasibility.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progresses and Developments in Chitosan-based Materials and its Derivatives for Biomedical and Biosensing Applications","authors":"Pegah Vosoughi, Seyed Morteza Naghib, M. R. Mozafari","doi":"10.2174/0115734110317876240628133351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110317876240628133351","url":null,"abstract":": This extensive review highlights the different techniques used to extract chitosan, its antibacterial characteristics, and its wide range of applications across various industries. Thanks to its exceptional solubility and notable chemical and biological properties, it has been used in several applications. It is biodegradable, and biocompatible, and has numerous reactive amino side groups that enable chemical modification and the development of various practical derivatives. Several academic publications have extensively covered many characteristics of chitosan and its applications in different industries, such as medicine. Chitosan can impart different functions in multiple fields, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and other biological features. Chitosan has various applications across various industries. Due to its exceptional solubility and significant chemical and biological properties, it has been utilized in numerous applications. Chitosan is biodegradable and biocompatible, and its multiple reactive amino side groups enable chemical modification and the development of various practical derivatives. Chitosan can provide different functions in numerous fields, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and other biological features. This review primarily focuses on chitosan's sources and extraction methods, providing an up-to-date overview of its properties. Additionally, the review highlights the diverse applications of chitosan, whether in its original state or modified and incorporated into nanocomposites, in various fields, making it a highly versatile and commonly used material in the biomedical industry.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lawsonia inermis from the Algerian Sahara: Quantitative Analysis of Lawsone in Leaves with Special Attention to their Drying Conditions","authors":"Berreghioua Abdelaziz, Bennaceur Said, Ziane Laid","doi":"10.2174/0115734110315090240624050950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110315090240624050950","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The continuously growing number of commercial Lawsonia inermis (henna) powders and the wide variability of their quality necessitate verifying as well as controlling their level of lawsone, the main active ingredient. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of drying on the level of lawsone. Method: The leaves of henna were dried at different temperatures (40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) with both modes (air and ulrasons). We extracted lawsone from leaves by a Soxhlet extractor using methanol and water as solvents, respectively. This natural pigment was isolated, purified, and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometer. Result: The drying temperature highly affected the extraction yield (Re). Therefore, drying henna leaves at low temperatures allows for a higher yield of lawsone extracts. Conclusion: We recommend ultrasonically assisted drying of henna leaves to facilitate both the reduction of drying temperatures in order to conserve energy as well as the increase of the yield of lawsone extraction.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Compositions, Antimicrobial and Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils of Dennettia Tripetala","authors":"Ekandem Joachim J., Udourioh Godwin A., Obi Leonard K., Moses M. Solomon","doi":"10.2174/0115734110313735240624074507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110313735240624074507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is well-known that essential oils are a rich source of bioactive components and are traditionally used as one of the alternatives to conventional medicines for treating various diseases and symptoms. Like other natural products, they are safe but should be used with care since all substances have potential toxicity depending on the conditions of exposure, the dose, and the route of administration. Method: This manuscript studies the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oil derived from D. tripetala. The essential oil was extracted from fresh D. tripetala fruits using steam distillation and subsequently subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization detection (GC-FID) analyses. The antimicrobial potential of the essential oil was evaluated against a panel of microorganisms, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Results: The GC-FID analysis unveiled a diverse array of compounds within the essential oil, with the notable constituents being linalool, benzyl nitrile, benzene (2-nitroethyl), bicyclo(4.2.0)octa1,3,5-triene, 1,3,7-Octatrien-5-yne, styrene, butylated hydroxytoluene, and Nerolidol 2. D. tripetala essential oil significantly inhibits the microbial activities of all the tested organisms. It exhibits inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli at a MIC value of 12.5%, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a MIC value of 25%, Candida albicans at a MIC value of 50%, and Aspergillus niger at MIC value 25%. The strongest inhibition of the oil is against Klebsiella pneumoniae at a MIC value of 3.12%. Conclusion: This research posits that the ethnomedicinal value ascribed to the essential oil of D. tripetala can be attributed to the presence of the identified compounds, some of which are already recognized for their biological activities. The essential oil presents promising potential as a source of lead compounds for developing anti-infective drugs, particularly those targeted against Klebsiella pneumoniae","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Determination of Fat-soluble Vitamins in Pharmaceutical Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Gamze Ergin Kizilçay, Sena Çağlar Andaç, Sıdıka Ertürk Toker","doi":"10.2174/0115734110314921240622111849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110314921240622111849","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamins are needed for the healthy functioning of the body. When these vitamins are not in sufficient amounts in the body, they are usually taken externally with pharmaceutical preparations. Taking vitamins into the body in the right amounts is possible by analyzing the amounts in pharmaceutical preparations with validated methods. Methods: In this study, a fast, simple, easily applicable, and selective normal-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble A, D3, E, and K1 vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations from syrup and tablets. Separation of the vitamins was carried out on a Zorbax CN column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mixture of hexane-isopropyl alcohol (98:2, v/v) at 30°C column temperature and 1 ml/min flow rate. The detection wavelength is 280 nm. The developed method has been validated according to ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1) rules. Results: Calibration graphs are linear over the range of 10-1000 µg ml-1 , 1-50 µg ml-1 , 10-2000 µg ml-1 , 0.5-20 µg ml-1, and the limit of detection values were found to be 1.496, 0.280, 1.388 and 0.040 µg ml-1 for A, D3, E and K1 vitamins, respectively. Relative standard deviation values, which express within-day and between-day repeatability, were found below 2.54%. Average recovery values were also found at about 100.28, 101.46, 100.65, and 100.29% for A, D3, E, and K1 vitamins, respectively Conclusion: The developed and validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E, and K1 in pharmaceutical preparations in syrup and tablet form.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Ultrasonic Wave Behavior in Liquid Media: A Comprehensive Overview","authors":"Niharika Das, Manoj kumar Praharaj, Subhraraj Panda","doi":"10.2174/0115734110306958240620073537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110306958240620073537","url":null,"abstract":"To comprehensively understand molecular processes, it is essential to analyze how thermodynamic parameters change with temperature and composition, providing valuable insights into molecular interactions. The industry's demand for precise information on the physical and chemical characteristics of different liquid combinations underscores the importance of such research. Researchers employ an ultrasonic interferometer for measuring ultrasonic wave velocity, a specific gravity bottle for liquid density determination, and an Ostwald viscometer for viscosity measurements. The propagation of ultrasonic waves can affect the physical properties of a medium, providing insights into the physics of liquids and solutions. Research has explored how frequency and temperature can impact thermoacoustic characteristics. Scientists have identified the nature of the forces between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, charge transfer complexes, and the breaking and formation of such bonds through their investigations. By measuring ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid density, and viscosity, researchers can analyze a range of acoustic and thermodynamic properties, thus significantly advancing our understanding of molecular interactions within each sample. Additionally, a comprehensive explanation of the measured parameters is provided to offer detailed insights into the studied phenomena, enhancing the overall understanding of molecular processes in liquid mixtures.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Food Hydrocolloidal System Physiochemistry","authors":"Mostafa Gouda","doi":"10.2174/0115734110326202240614081410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110326202240614081410","url":null,"abstract":": The recent advances in plant and animal biosystems of hydrocolloids have led scientists to find analytical techniques to explore the scientific principles of these molecules for their functional principles, precursors of essential pathways, and other physical and chemical processes. The current editorial highlights the importance of applying advanced physicochemical theories and practical examples to sustain this important innovation approach further.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Low-cost and Rapid Method for Determination of Five Flavonoids in Herbal Medicines with Rutin by HPLC-UV at Equal Absorption Wavelength","authors":"Zhengming Qian, Zhuobin He, Dongyin Lian, Qi Huang, Guoying Tan, Juying Xie","doi":"10.2174/0115734110301556240605111849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110301556240605111849","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Flavonoid is a type of active constituent in herbs and always used as the quality control markers of herbal medicines. Owing to the extensive diversity of flavonoids, numerous reference compounds are necessitated for the analysis of flavonoids, and some are usually very expensive, which engenders challenges in the analysis of flavonoids in herbal medicines. Consequently, the development of a simple, rapid, and reference compounds saving method is important for the determination of flavonoids in herbal medicines. Objective: In order to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of 5 flavonoids (mangiferin, hesperidin, baicalin, buddleoside, and rutin) in five herbal medicines (Anemarrhenae rhizome, Sophorae flos, Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Scutellariae radix, and Chrysanthemi indici flos) with rutin. Methods: Five herbal medicine samples were prepared according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia which includes ultrasound and reflux methods. The separation of the sample was performed on a PoroShell 120 EC-C18 (4.6 mm×100 mm, 2.7 µm) by gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The wavelengths were set as follows: Anemarrhenae rhizome (363 nm), Sophorae flos (256 nm), Citri reticulatae pericarpium (236 nm), Scutellariae radix (263 nm), Chrysanthemi indici flos (354 nm). Results: The method validation showed that the established HPLC method was accurate and stable for quantitative analysis of flavonoids in five herbal medicines. The comparative analysis revealed that the determination results of the current HPLC method and Chinese Pharmacopoeia method are consistent, exhibiting less than 1% relative error. Remarkably, the developed HPLC method needs one cheapest reference compound (rutin) and costs 8 min for sample HPLC analysis. Conclusion: The developed HPLC method for quantitative analysis of five flavonoids in five herbal medicines is simple, rapid, and reference compound saving, which provides a good alternative method for quality control of flavonoids in herbal medicines.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}