{"title":"Resilience-Oriented Restoration Model Against Attacks on Cyber-Physical Power Systems","authors":"Yihao Guo;Chuangxin Guo;Jie Yang","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08550","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme events such as natural disasters and malicious attacks have become more frequent and caused many blackouts in recent years. There is an urgent need to develop an effective restorative strategy applicable to modern cyber-physical power systems. To this end, an analysis of cyber-physical interdependence is performed first. Considering the operating constraints of cyber network and the cyber-physical coupling constraints, a novel bi-level attack model is proposed to generate the disaster scenario. With the objective of minimizing the electricity loss over the recovery process, a resilience-oriented restoration model is presented to help the system rapidly recover normal level of performance, featuring the combination of substation reconfiguration and the coordinated repair work on electrical and cyber components considering cyber-physical interdependence. Solution approaches are provided to transform the original nonlinear problems into mixed integer linear programming models which can be solved readily. Case studies are carried out on IEEE RTS-79 system and IEEE 118-bus system. Simulation results prove the advantage and effectiveness of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2531-2542"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-Varying Amplitude/Frequency (TAF) Phasor Method for Dynamic Analysis of AC Power Systems","authors":"Hui Yang;Xiaoming Yuan;Wei He;Rongxin Sun","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.07900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.07900","url":null,"abstract":"The phasor method, along with its related concepts, plays a pivotal role in the analysis of AC power systems. However, with the proliferation of renewable energy sources and their fast control, the traditional phasor method faces considerable challenges in analyzing the mechanism of system dynamics. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel approach-the time-varying amplitude/frequency (TAF) phasor method-for the dynamic analysis of AC power systems. Firstly, to provide rational descriptions of AC quantities, this paper begins with investigating the characteristic nature of AC signals in dynamics and recognizes them as TAF signals. Then, complex numbers with TAF are employed to describe these AC signals by drawing on the traditional phasor method. The geometric representation via TAF phasor diagrams is also utilized. The proposed TAF phasor method can effectively characterize universal AC signals in dynamics, which existing methods such as the traditional phasor method and dynamic phasor method could not achieve. Sub-sequently, complex numbers incorporating TAF are utilized to describe these AC signals by drawing on the traditional phasor method. In addition, geometric representations through TAF phasor diagrams are introduced.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2440-2452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10684521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cascaded Multiscale Modeling Method of Inertia-Controlled Wind Turbine for System Transient Mechanism Analysis","authors":"Rui Zhang;Xiaoming Yuan;Jiabing Hu","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07040","url":null,"abstract":"Transient process of power systems is increasingly dependent on and challenged by renewable generation(RG). From its multiscale normal/switch elements, RG forms an internal voltage to network as system source and determines the system transient. Due to multiscale feature, these normal/switch elements are activated sequentially after a fault, causing the RG's internal voltage to exhibit complex multiscale dynamics, which in turn makes the system transient behavior distinct from that of traditional systems. The multiscale formation of RG's internal voltage is thus essential for transient and needs to be studied. Existing models of RG are mostly established with original connection of normal/switch elements, but not in multiscale view. Therefore, taking inertia-controlled type-4 wind turbine(WT) as an example, this paper thus proposes a cascaded multiscale modeling method for system transient mechanism analysis. First, multiscale sequential activation of normal/switch controls is shown. It is illustrated that multiscale feature is essential for internal voltage formation. Second, the cascaded multiscale model of inertia-controlled type-4 WT is proposed and the internal voltage formation in multiscale view is revealed, which is formed from parallel feedbacks and serial responses. Finally, based on the proposed model, it is explained the interaction process between WTs to influence energy accumulations of their multiscale physical elements. Simulations for model validation are also included.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2341-2351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10246190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-unit Fault Location for MMC-HVDC Grids Based on Geometric Features of Fault Voltage","authors":"Xiuyong Yu;Juping Gu;Xinsong Zhang;Jingfeng Mao;Liye Xiao","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.06170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.06170","url":null,"abstract":"The modular multilevel converter (MMC) HVDC grid is a prospective technical route to unravel the high permeability of the renewable energy grid. The protection issues of MMC-HVDC grids are the main obstacle to its further development. In particular, an accurate and fast fault location scheme is essential to speeding up the time of fault clearing and power supply interruption. In this paper, a non-unit fault location scheme, that can be employed as a distance protection criterion for MMC-HVDC grids, is proposed based on the geometric features of the fault voltage. First, the fault transient characteristics are analyzed by solving the built equivalent circuit of MMC-HVDC grids after DC line faults. The multi-refection and refraction of the fault voltages between the line terminal and the fault point are evaluated. A time domain multi-resolution morphological gradient algorithm (MMGA) is utilized to obtain the geometric characteristics of the fault waveform. The change direction and the corresponding time of the initial two heads of the fault voltage can be recorded, and together with the estimated wave velocity, the search region of the target wave head with definite change direction can be obtained. Therefore, the proposed scheme is almost immune to the velocity of fault waves, fault resistances, and fault positions. A four-terminal ±500 kV MMC-HVDC grid built in PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrates the higher performance of the proposed scheme under different fault conditions, size of fault current limiting reactor, sampling frequency, and noise environments.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2517-2530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10436611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reachability Analysis for Hybrid AC/DC Power Distribution System with High Renewable Penetration: A Multi-Source Uncertainty Perspective","authors":"Xinji Cao;Wei Deng;Zhenxing Zhao;Ying Zhuang;Wei Pei","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2024.04890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2024.04890","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel method for depicting the dynamic characteristics of a hybrid AC/DC power distribution system with a high proportion of renewable energy sources (RES). It describes its reachable regions under multiple uncertainties. By modeling multiple uncertainties based on zonotopes and deriving differential-algebraic equations of the system, a reachability analysis method for the hybrid AC/DC power distribution system is realized. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the results with those from Matlab/Simulink time-domain simulations and Monte Carlo simulations. It can obtain all possible reachable regions of the key state variables under uncertain disturbances in one calculation, thus quickly determining the dynamic characteristics of the system without numerous sampling calculations.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2257-2268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11338157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transient Stability Analysis of Multiple GFM Converters Connected into an Equivalent Grid from Perspective of Unbalanced Energy","authors":"Yi Du;Chao Zheng;Huadong Sun","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.08340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.08340","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the transient stability problem in a scenario where multiple grid forming (GFM) converters are connected into an equivalent grid, from the perspective of transient unbalanced energy (TUE). Initially, a multi-machine grid-connected system called the GFM-MMGC system is constructed, and a theoretical analysis model for large disturbances is established. Subsequently, a TUE accumulation-based discrimination method is proposed to determine the transient stability of the GFM-MMGC system. By analyzing the TUE of GFM units, the impacts of key factors, including active and reactive control parameters, current limiting strategies, and access system strength, on the transient stability characteristics of the GFM-MMGC system are revealed. Consequently, improved methods can be developed to enhance transient stability. Finally, the simulated results validate the correctness of the proposed mechanism analysis and improvement methods.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2467-2479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10899102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aggregated Frequency Response Model of Regional System Considering Load Frequency Behaviors","authors":"Xuemei Chen;Chao Lu;Peixuan Wu;Yang Jiang;Hongbo Ye;Xiaobo Ling","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05770","url":null,"abstract":"With penetration of converter interfaced generation, assessment of inherent frequency stability support capability of regional power grids with rich loads and low inertia is becoming increasingly important for power system safety and stability. Considering the features of regional system frequency dynamics, we extend system equivalent frequency model to encompass load frequency behaviors that have been neglected in previous literature. We first propose an equivalent load frequency response model (LFR) to describe frequency behaviors of individual load in power system dynamics. Then, a regional system aggregated frequency response (RSAFR) model is conducted by gathering equivalent models of multiple generators and loads, during which accuracy of multi-load aggregation is proven by mathematical method. Simulation study illustrates loads have great impact on system frequency response, especially with reduction of synchronous generators in the regional system and LFR model can accurately represent composite load frequency behaviors. Furthermore, performance of the RSAFR model in terms of efficiency, accuracy, robustness, and adaptability is discussed. This work is important for furthering our understanding of the role of loads in frequency dynamics and offers a more complete model to describe the relationship between system frequency and active power imbalance.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2328-2340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10375996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying Power Flexibility of Multisource Looped District Heating System Using Region-Based Method","authors":"Hairun Li;Yunfei Mu;Jiarui Zhang;Xiaolong Jin;Hongjie Jia;Yanze Xu","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.05380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.05380","url":null,"abstract":"Multisource looped district heating systems (MSL-D HSs) have the potential to provide power flexibility to electric power systems (EPSs) through coupling units. An MSL-DHS has multiple coupling units, unlike a single-source DHS. By coordinating coupling units and heating networks, the thermal supply sides of these units can compensate for each other, leading to numerous combinations that provide flexibility. Quantifying the flexibility of an MSL-DHS requires characterizing the inter-coupling feature of multiple units and addressing the nonlinear hydraulic model. In this context, this paper proposes a power flexibility region (PFR) method to quantify the power flexibility of an MSL-DHS. The feasible region of an MSL-DHS model is projected onto the variable space of power output/input of the coupling units to construct the PFR model. A nonconvex nonlinear programming (NLP) boundary point searching model is established to calculate the PFR. A global optimization algorithm based on the reformulated piecewise McCormick envelope is proposed to improve the computational efficiency and ensure the convergence of the boundary point searching model. Case studies are conducted on a modified 32-node MSL-DHS from Barry Island to verify the proposed method. The impacts of supply temperature, mass flow direction and heat load level on power flexibility are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2195-2208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10838259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Hu;Zhigang Li;Xiaoguang Zhou;Jinbo Huang;Zhiqiang Tian;Xinghui Wang;Lu Wang
{"title":"Energy Management Platform for Large-Scale Heterogeneous Energy Systems: Design, Implementation and Application","authors":"Fan Hu;Zhigang Li;Xiaoguang Zhou;Jinbo Huang;Zhiqiang Tian;Xinghui Wang;Lu Wang","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.06080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.06080","url":null,"abstract":"Unified dispatching and integrated management of heterogeneous energy systems are key to fully leveraging the complementary advantages of multiple energy sources. Data from such energy management platforms can contribute to the digital transformation of multi-energy systems, enabling data services and added business value. In this paper, in accordance with the characteristics and operational requirements of the heterogeneous energy system at the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, a flexible, universal, and intelligent energy management platform is designed as a cloud-based system. This platform integrates intelligent electronic devices, cloud components, PaaS parallel stream computing, and cloud-edge collaborative technology. The proposed platform has the functions of supervisory control, intelligent interaction, optimization and decision-making, and other energy management services, through which it can improve the coordinated and optimized operation capacity and energy utilization rate of the heterogeneous energy system in the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center. The proposed design scheme can be used as a reference for constructing an integrated management platform for heterogeneous urban energy systems.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2171-2184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10899791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Bian;Peng Lu;Lirong Xie;Jiahao Ye;Lan Ma;Jianbin Yang
{"title":"Bi-Level Optimal Configuration of Hybrid Shared Energy Storage Capacity in Wind Farms Considering Prediction Error","authors":"Yifan Bian;Peng Lu;Lirong Xie;Jiahao Ye;Lan Ma;Jianbin Yang","doi":"10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08300","url":null,"abstract":"In wind farms, hybrid energy storage (HES) can effectively mitigate the fluctuation and intermittency of wind power output and effectively compensate for the prediction errors of wind power. However, the high cost of HES has prevented its large-scale adoption. Inspired by the sharing economy, this paper introduces the concept of hybrid shared energy storage (HSES) in wind farms. A rolling optimization (RO) strategy is formulated to obtain the reference power curve of the HES, and a bi-level optimal configuration model of HSES is established to minimize the wind farm's daily operating cost and optimize the compensation's performance for the prediction errors. The upper-level model aims to obtain the optimal rental capacity of HSES, and the lower level is an energy trading mechanism to optimize the trading power of the wind farm in real time. The simulation results reveal the excellent performance and economy of the proposed HSES model for wind farms.","PeriodicalId":10729,"journal":{"name":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems","volume":"12 5","pages":"2308-2317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10520203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}