Cornea最新文献

{"title":"Anterior Stromal Melt With Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments in a Patient With Severe Atopy.","authors":"Shady T Awwad, Karen E Asfar, Jeremiah Gendy, Soosan Jacob, Jad F Assaf","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the first case of anterior stromal melt after insertion of a corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) in a patient with severe atopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 27-year-old woman with keratoconus, severe atopy, and giant upper tarsal conjunctival papillae underwent uneventful insertion of a CAIRS in her right eye. 4 months later, she presented with severe exacerbation of her atopy, necessitating anti-IgE monoclonal antibody therapy initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slit-lamp examination revealed thinning of the corneal stroma overlying the CAIRS over a 30-degree sector, also documented by optical coherence tomography. There was a resolution of the giant conjunctival papillae. The patient was started on topical cyclosporine and a tapering loteprednol regimen, along with the anti-IgE treatment. The last follow-up showed stability in visual acuity, stromal thickness, and topographic parameters, which remained better than preoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anterior stromal melt, commonly seen with synthetic segments, can rarely develop after CAIRS implantation, in specific circumstances, such as severe inflammation and atopy. Prompt systemic and topical management can potentially stop progression and retain the implanted segment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Detecting Kayser-Fleischer Rings in Wilson Disease.","authors":"Bingjie Shi, Yi Chen","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the presentation of Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings in the cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients with Wilson disease (WD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data from 31 patients (62 eyes) who were diagnosed with WD, were positive for KF rings, and who were admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and December 2022. All patients underwent slit-lamp and AS-OCT examinations, with the KF ring width measured on AS-OCT grayscale images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On AS-OCT, the KF ring appeared as a high-reflective band at the level of Descemet membrane. The color band on AS-OCT displayed the ring in shades of yellow-green, yellow, or orange. The width of the KF ring was measured accurately using AS-OCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AS-OCT, when combined with slit-lamp examination, provides a reliable method for evaluating KF rings in patients with WD. The grayscale measurements obtained via AS-OCT offer precise quantification of the corneal KF ring width.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Outcomes of Single Versus Multiple Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive Applications in the Management of Corneal Thinning and Perforation.","authors":"Ryan S Huang, Manokamna Agarwal, Michael Mimouni, David S Rootman, Clara C Chan","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare outcomes between patients treated with a single cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) patch for corneal thinning or perforation and those requiring multiple CTA applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center, comparative cohort study of patients with corneal thinning or perforation treated with either a single or multiple CTA applications in Toronto, Canada, between 2006 and 2024. Primary outcomes were the need for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at final follow-up. Associations between the number of CTA applications with baseline characteristics, perforation characteristics, and final outcomes were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 189 patients (median age 69.0 years; 42% female) were included, with 116 (61%) in the single CTA group and 73 (39%) in the multiple-application group (mean 2.3 ± 0.6), over a median follow-up of 4.4 months. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Central and paracentral corneal defects were more likely to require multiple glue applications than peripheral defects (OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.31-6.51, P = 0.009). No difference was observed in final BCVA between groups (median: 2.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [single] vs. 2.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [multiple]; P = 0.838). Patients receiving multiple CTA applications (48%, n = 35/73) were more likely to require PKP (OR = 2.70, 95% CI, 1.42-5.15, P = 0.003) than those treated with a single glue patch (26%, n = 30/116).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple CTA applications were more frequently needed for central/paracentral defects and were associated with a greater likelihood of PKP. Given no significant difference in final BCVA, a conservative, stepwise management approach can be pursued without compromising long-term visual outcomes, allowing flexibility in surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Descemet Stripping Only With Excision of Iris Pigment Epithelial Cysts.","authors":"Andrea C Santiago-Leon, Sadegh Ghafarian, Charissa H Tan, Sander R Dubovy, Zelia M Correa, Ellen H Koo","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a case of bilateral large iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cysts causing corneal endothelial dysfunction that was successfully managed with a surgical cyst excision combined with Descemet stripping only (DSO) procedure followed by postoperative rho kinase inhibitor (ROCK-I) administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 27-year-old woman presented with bilateral large IPE cysts adhering to the corneal endothelium, causing endothelial dysfunction with overlying corneal edema. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of both eyes revealed multiple thick-walled cysts, with points of adhesion to the pupillary margin, occupying the central part of the anterior chamber and adhering anteriorly to the corneal endothelium. Baseline pachymetry measurements were 631 μm in the right eye and 980 μm in the left. Following surgical excision, cystic lesions are removed from the posterior aspect of the cornea, in a similar fashion to the DSO technique. Pathology confirmed the presence of iris epithelium and Descemet membrane without evidence of malignancy. Topical netarsudil 0.02% was administered postoperatively, resulting in significant improvement in vision, complete resolution of corneal edema, reduction in corneal pachymetry, and a significant increase in central endothelial cell count at 6 months postoperatively, without recurrence of cysts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DSO combined with cyst excision, followed by topical ROCK-I administration, is a viable approach for the management of corneal decompensation associated with IPE cysts that are adherent to the endothelium. We herein demonstrate complete clearance of corneal edema and excellent visual outcomes without cyst recurrence, potentially avoiding the need for endothelial keratoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological and Clinical-Genetic Analysis of Corneal Specimens in Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome.","authors":"Ana Faria Pereira, Sofia Pedrosa, Raúl Moreira, Elisa Leão-Teles, José Manuel Lopes, Augusto Magalhães","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (MPSVI) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by an Arylsulfatase B (ARSB) deficiency, leading to dermatan sulfate and chondroitin-4-sulfate accumulation. It manifests various systemic clinical features. Enzyme Replacement Therapy with Galsulfase (Naglazyme) manages systemic symptoms, but ocular manifestations, such as corneal opacity, often require surgery. This study examines histopathological features of corneas in patients with MPSVI who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 3 patients with MPSVI included demographics, genetics, clinical history, and ophthalmological findings. Six corneas were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin and histochemical stains, focusing on structural changes and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients, diagnosed between ages 16 months and 11 years, exhibited multisystem involvement. All had corneal clouding because of GAG accumulation, with PK performed between ages 14 and 22. Visual improvement was limited by optic nerve atrophy despite Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Histopathological analysis revealed hydropic-like changes in basal keratinocytes, intracytoplasmic and subepithelial GAG deposits, and thinned Bowman layer disruption. The stroma displayed elongated deposits, whereas Descemet membrane showed thinning without GAG deposits. Endothelium GAG deposits were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the alterations in various corneal layers, which have seldom been reported on Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. Nonetheless, the GAG deposits identified and the changes in Bowman layer align with the literature. PK temporarily improved corneal clarity. However, long-term visual outcomes were poor because of optic nerve damage. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Customized Corneal Crosslinking on Patients With Pellucid Marginal Degeneration.","authors":"Elina M Utti, Kari M Krootila","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of customized corneal crosslinking on pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight eyes with PMD were included. Fifteen eyes were treated with customized corneal crosslinking at Helsinki University Eye Hospital. Three treatment zones with different ultraviolet energy levels were planned according to corneal tomography, focusing on the inferior part of the cornea. The control group consisted of 13 conventionally crosslinked eyes. Visual acuity, refraction, and corneal tomography were obtained preoperatively and at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corneal tomography showed stability and visual acuity improvement after customized crosslinking in all but 1 patient with a 1-year follow-up. Mean change in logMAR visual acuity was -0.15 (P = 0.02). However, the improvement in Kmax was not significant (-0.11D, P = 0.8). In the control group, the mean visual acuity did not change (-0.04, P = 0.44), although there were significant changes in keratometry (Kmax -0.81 D, P = 0.02 and Kavg -0.57 D, P = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Customized corneal crosslinking can be safely used in patients with PMD. No clear advantages over standard crosslinking were observed in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Vision Services Are Underutilized by Patients with Vision Loss from Corneal Disease.","authors":"Güldeniz Usta, David J Ramsey","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the rate at which patients with visual impairment primarily from corneal disease were referred for low vision (LV) services and assessed the visual outcomes from completed evaluations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 1-year retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients with corneal disease limiting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) to ≤ 20/40. Outcome measures included the change in BCVA achieved after distance refraction by a LV specialist. Incremental costs per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained were calculated upon the better-seeing eye, by using a willingness-to-pay threshold of USD 50,000/QALY.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3230 patients, 143 (4.4%) had visual impairment from corneal disease. The median age of those patients was 80 years (IQR: 66-88 years) and 64.3% were male. Just over half were referred for LV evaluations (53.2%), and most completed appointments (96.1%). Patients more likely to be referred had better vision in their worse-seeing eye (0.961 logMAR vs. 1.451 logMAR, P = 0.002) and were more frequently diagnosed with corneal dystrophies, degenerations, or ectatic disease (51.3% vs. 26.9%, P = 0.003) compared with other corneal conditions, but they were less likely to have immunologic conditions (2.6% vs. 13.4%, P = 0.016). In total, two-thirds of patients achieved improved BCVA for their better-seeing eye, with 32% gaining ≥ 2 lines. This translated into an average gain of 0.04 QALYs/patient at a cost of USD 3128/QALY. The estimated net monetary benefit was USD 1923/LV evaluation completed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Referring patients with corneal disease to LV services resulted in significant improvements in visual function at a reasonable cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Adipose Tissue on Ocular Inflammation.","authors":"Normila Barthelemy, Raquel Goldhardt, Kimberly Cabrera, Anat Galor","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We present a case of ocular pathology linked to morbid obesity, emphasizing the role of systemic inflammation in ocular disease and clinical impact of weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the case of a 49-year-old man with morbid obesity and obstructive sleep apnea who underwent bilateral corneal transplants secondary to keratoconus. For 4 years, he had chronic bulbar hyperemia with progressive blood vessel growth across the graft-host junction, which was treated with chronic topical corticosteroids. Nine years after presentation, he also developed severe papilledema associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension that proved recalcitrant to treatment with acetazolamide therapy and optic sheath fenestration. Concomitantly, the patient's proinflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) were consistently elevated. The patient underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy, resulting in substantial weight loss. Clinical findings, treatment interventions, and outcomes were documented.Results: The patient experienced marked improvement in corneal graft health and resolution of papilledema following weight loss of 188 pounds. Systemic inflammatory markers, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, also normalized. These findings suggest a correlation between adipose tissue mass and ocular inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our patient had rapid improvements in his ocular pathology that correlated with a notable reduction in body fat percentage. We propose that the immunological changes associated with obesity contributed to a proinflammatory ocular state that improved with weight loss. His case highlights that additional research is warranted to explore the etiopathogenic mechanisms of adipokines derived from white adipose tissue on major organ systems, including the eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Observation of Refractive Predictability and Corneal Thickness Change After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty and Small-Incision Lenticule Intrastromal Keratoplasty for Correcting Moderate to High Hyperopia.","authors":"Xiaoxue Zhang, Xuejun Wang, Chiwen Cheng, Lanhui Yu, Yong Ma, Meipan Shi, Yichen Xiao, Qinhong Lin, Xingtao Zhou, Shengtao Liu","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the refractive predictability and corneal thickness change after femtosecond laser-assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (FS-LIKE) or small-incision lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (SMI-LIKE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pentacam topography and optical coherence tomography measurements were taken of all eyes at 1 day and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Anterior lamellar thickness, lenticule thickness, and posterior lamellar thickness were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 23 eyes (18 patients) that underwent FS-LIKE (n = 12) or SMI-LIKE (n = 11). At 6 months after surgery, the linear regression model suggested superior predictability for the FS-LIKE group (102% correction efficiency) and slight under-correction for the SMI-LIKE group (95% correction efficiency). Compared with preoperative values, the central corneal thickness and the corneal volume were highest on the first postoperative day and subsequently remained stable in both groups. After surgery, the mean lenticule thickness for the FS-LIKE and SMI-LIKE groups were 102.3 ± 29.8 and 114.1 ± 22.5 μm, respectively, which was consistent with planned values. The mean anterior lamellar thickness for the FS-LIKE group was thicker than the planned flap thickness, whereas the value for the SMI-LIKE group was thinner. No significant changes were observed in the posterior lamellar thickness for the 2 groups over the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FS-LIKE could achieve better refractive predictability compared with SMI-LIKE, and the corneal remodeling might explain the difference between the 2 procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sludging: A Postoperative Clinical Finding After Ocular Surface Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Cameron B Reinisch, Albert Y Cheung, Robert J Porter, Enrica Sarnicola, Robert Folberg, Medi Eslani, Edward J Holland","doi":"10.1097/ICO.0000000000003850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe a postoperative clinical finding coined \"sludging.\" Sludging is defined as a noninflammatory vascular phenomenon observed following ocular surface stem cell transplantation (OSST) characterized by dilated blood vessels localized to the graft. Also, the aim of our study was to identify associated risk factors and the impact on OSST graft outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 261 eyes of 196 patients who underwent OSST to treat severe limbal stem cell deficiency from 2006 to 2016 were included in this retrospective review. Clinical characteristics were collected, including patient and donor demographics as well as clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical features of sludging include painless dilation of blood vessels localized on the graft, with an absence of inflammation, limbal injection, and corneal epithelial abnormalities. The overall prevalence of sludging was 77 of 261 eyes (29.5%), and the mean time of appearance after OSST was 1.31 ± 1.48 years. Sludging resolved in 54 of 77 eyes (70.1%) after 0.93 ± 1.04 years. Sludging was most commonly seen after keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) (43.4%) as compared with living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (13.5%, P = 0.00012). The presence of sludging was associated with higher rates of both future graft rejection (P = 0.0012) and graft failure (P = 0.0053). There were no significant donor characteristics associated with developing sludging among KLAL recipients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sludging is a noninflammatory postoperative clinical finding following OSST, particularly KLAL. Prompt recognition of sludging is critical to differentiate from acute graft rejection as the management and prognosis is different.</p>","PeriodicalId":10710,"journal":{"name":"Cornea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}