Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying species biases among multidata sources on illegal wildlife trade and its implications for conservation","authors":"Sifan Hu,&nbsp;Zhijian Liang,&nbsp;Dan Liang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Jia Zhong,&nbsp;Qian Wei,&nbsp;Tien Ming Lee","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unsustainable wildlife consumption and illegal wildlife trade (IWT) threaten biodiversity worldwide. Although publicly accessible data sets are increasingly used to generate insights into IWT, little is known about their potential bias. We compared three typical and temporally corresponding data sets (4204 court verdicts, 926 seizure news reports, and 219 bird market surveys) on traded birds native to China and evaluated their possible species biases. Specifically, we evaluated bias and completeness of sampling for species richness, phylogeny, conservation status, spatial distribution, and life-history characteristics among the three data sets when determining patterns of illegal trade. Court verdicts contained the largest species richness. In bird market surveys and seizure news reports, phylogenetic clustering was greater than that in court verdicts, where songbird species (i.e., Passeriformes) were detected in higher proportions in market surveys. The seizure news data set contained the highest proportion of species of high conservation priority but the lowest species coverage. Across the country, all data sets consistently reported relatively high species richness in south and southwest regions, but markets revealed a northern geographic bias. The species composition in court verdicts and markets also exhibited distinct geographical patterns. There was significant ecological trait bias when we modeled whether a bird species is traded in the market. Our regression model suggested that species with small body masses, large geographical ranges, and a preference for anthropogenic habitats and those that are not nationally protected were more likely to be traded illegally. The species biases we found emphasize the need to know the constraints of each data set so that they can optimally inform strategies to combat IWT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the global prevalence of wild birds in trade","authors":"Paul F. Donald,&nbsp;Eresha Fernando,&nbsp;Lauren Brown,&nbsp;Michela Busana,&nbsp;Stuart H. M. Butchart,&nbsp;Serene Chng,&nbsp;Alicia de la Colina,&nbsp;Juliana Machado Ferreira,&nbsp;Anuj Jain,&nbsp;Victoria R. Jones,&nbsp;Rocio Lapido,&nbsp;Kelly Malsch,&nbsp;Amy McDougall,&nbsp;Colum Muccio,&nbsp;Dao Nguyen,&nbsp;Willow Outhwaite,&nbsp;Silviu O. Petrovan,&nbsp;Ciara Stafford,&nbsp;William J. Sutherland,&nbsp;Oliver Tallowin,&nbsp;Roger Safford","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trade represents a significant threat to many wild species and is often clandestine and poorly monitored. Information on which species are most prevalent in trade and potentially threatened by it therefore remains fragmentary. We used 7 global data sets on birds in trade to identify species or groups of species at particular risk and assessed the extent to which they were congruent in terms of the species recorded in trade. We used the frequency with which species were recorded in the data sets as the basis for a trade prevalence score that was applied to all bird species globally. Literature searches and questionnaire surveys were used to develop a list of species known to be heavily traded to validate the trade prevalence score. The score was modeled to identify significant predictors of trade. Although the data sets sampled different parts of the broad trade spectrum, congruence among them was statistically strong in all comparisons. Furthermore, the frequency with which species were recorded within data sets was positively correlated with their occurrence across data sets, indicating that the trade prevalence score captured information on trade volume. The trade prevalence score discriminated well between species identified from semi-independent assessments as heavily or unsustainably traded and all other species. Globally, 45.1% of all bird species and 36.7% of globally threatened bird species had trade prevalence scores ≥1. Species listed in Appendices I or II of CITES, species with large geographical distributions, and nonpasserines tended to have high trade prevalence scores. Speciose orders with high mean trade prevalence scores included Falconiformes, Psittaciformes, Accipitriformes, Anseriformes, Bucerotiformes, and Strigiformes. Despite their low mean prevalence score, Passeriformes accounted for the highest overall number of traded species of any order but had low representation in CITES appendices. Geographical hotspots where large numbers of traded species co-occur differed among passerines (Southeast Asia and Eurasia) and nonpasserines (central South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and India). This first attempt to quantify and map the relative prevalence in trade of all bird species globally can be used to identify species and groups of species that may be at particular risk of harm from trade and can inform conservation and policy interventions to reduce its adverse impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for a socioecological harm reduction approach to reduce illegal wildlife trade","authors":"Annette Hübschle,&nbsp;Jared Margulies","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14335","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The burgeoning illegal trade in succulents in southern Africa presents a critical conservation and social development challenge. Drawing parallels with the trajectory of the response to rhinoceros poaching, we considered the consequences of conservation law enforcement measures, particularly the militarization of antipoaching efforts. The response to rhinoceros poaching not only resulted in so-called green militarization, but also led to extrajudicial killings, human rights abuses, and the disproportionate targeting of low-level poachers. The nature of wildlife trade prohibition is complex and often contested, and many actors operating in illegal wildlife trades dispute the label of <i>illegal</i> for socioeconomic, cultural, historical, or political reasons. This contestation is crucial when considering Indigenous cultural and medicinal values of succulents, with Indigenous Peoples and local communities questioning the criminalization of traditional plant harvesting practices. As the illegal trade in succulents continues to grow, it is imperative for conservationists to consider a nuanced approach. We call for a socioecological harm reduction approach that emphasizes community engagement, sustainable use, and codesigned interventions. Such an approach could help balance the scales of ecological conservation and human dignity in the face of growing wildlife trade challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call to include fungi in wildlife trade research and policy","authors":"Rodrigo Oyanedel,&nbsp;Marios Levi,&nbsp;Giuliana Furci","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14340","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of commercial captive breeding of parrots as a supply-side intervention to address unsustainable trade","authors":"Alisa Davies,&nbsp;Neil D'Cruze,&nbsp;Rowan Martin","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14338","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The volume and scale of commercial captive breeding of parrots have grown dramatically in recent decades. Although it has been proposed, and is often assumed, that captive breeding can reduce pressure on wild populations, there has been little scrutiny of the scale, viability, or impacts of captive breeding to prevent overexploitation among parrots, compared with similar approaches in other threatened taxa, such as pangolins or tigers. We reviewed the primary and gray literature to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate evidence concerning 5 criteria, established a priori, for commercial captive breeding of parrots as an effective supply-side intervention. We focused on a sample of 16 threatened parrot species that are heavily traded or for which unsustainable trade has been a factor in the decline of wild populations, representing a range of taxonomic groups, life histories, and native regions. We identified multiple major gaps in knowledge of the extent to which these criteria are met, including a lack of quantitative data on breeding productivity under current commercial breeding practices, the scale and scope of commercial breeding practices in growing parrot markets, particularly in the Middle East and Asia, and the lack of financial viability of captive breeding under effective regulation to prevent laundering or use of wild-sourced specimens as breeding stock. The capacity for captive breeding to displace demand for wild-sourced parrots varied between species, and complex interactions between trade in different species and contexts sometimes made consequences of commercial production difficult to predict. Decision makers and regulatory authorities should approach commercial captive breeding of parrots with caution and take into account knowledge gaps and cross-linkages between trade in different species to avoid unanticipated consequences from stimulating and facilitating unsustainable trade in wild-sourced parrots.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state of nature in Madagascar","authors":"Clive Nuttman","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conservation masterclass","authors":"M. Scott","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14377","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14377","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reflections: What wildlife needs and how to provide it&lt;/b&gt;. Avery, M. 2023. Pelagic Publishing, London, UK. xv + 237 pp. £20.00 (paperback). ISBN 978-1-78427-390-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have met Mark Avery occasionally at wildlife conservation events. He is a larger-than-life personality, sometimes outspoken, but always informed and rational. He often rages but never rants. He worked for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, a British conservation charity, for 25 years and was its Director of Conservation from 1998 to 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compared with his earlier books, this is gentler and more reflective, as the title suggests. It deserves to be his most influential book yet. It is an object lesson in simple, almost conversational writing, aimed at capturing the interest of anyone with a broad interest in the natural world, then gently leading them into considering difficult policy issues. Yet, it does not speak down to those of us who think we know something about those issues. All of us in conservation science, wherever we are in the world, could take lessons from his style and approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Avery concedes, the book is very much English in its focus, right from its rather twee front cover of idealized English countryside with iconic English wildlife. Will it appeal to an international readership? To be frank, some of the scenes evoked in his first chapter, “Glimpses of Wildlife,” do not even resonate with me as a Scot! I do not have a local wood where I lament the disappearance of the nightingale (&lt;i&gt;Luscinia megarhynchos&lt;/i&gt;), and reintroduced red kites (&lt;i&gt;Milvus milvus&lt;/i&gt;) do not gladden the skies above my home. However, I can easily transpose my own local perceptions instead: the disappearance of the house martins (&lt;i&gt;Delichon urbica&lt;/i&gt;) that once nested in the eaves of our old house and the reintroduced white-tailed eagles (&lt;i&gt;Haliaeetus albicilla&lt;/i&gt;) that take my breath away with their sheer size as they soar occasionally over our neighboring craggy hillside. The experiences he writes about are ones we can all identify with, wherever we live, even if his examples are mostly English.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chapter 2 is about the state of wildlife in the United Kingdom. Some of that wildlife is internationally important, like the UK's seabird populations, but many of the lessons he draws from the British experience, its successes, failures, and current challenges hold lessons for other parts of the world. He identifies “Four Horsemen of the [Ecological] Apocalypse”: invasive species, overharvesting, pollution, and habitat loss. I thought I had found a rare oversight. I would have proposed habitat mismanagement and undermanagement as a fifth rider, but he later expands his fourth category to “habitat loss and deterioration,” which is fair enough. I am pretty sure those horsemen are just as destructive throughout Europe, Australia, New Zealand, North America, and other parts of the world that I know less well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;His chapter “What is Wildlife Conservati","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the human–wildlife interaction framework of Galindo-González 2023","authors":"Sebastiano Salvidio","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14374","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of uneven tolerance to human disturbance on dominance interactions of top predators.","authors":"Pablo Villalva, Francisco Palomares, Marina Zanin","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic activities may alter felid assemblage structure, facilitating the persistence of tolerant species (commonly mesopredators), excluding ecologically demanding ones (top predators) and, consequently, changing coexistence rules. We aimed to determine how human activities influence intraguild relationships among top predators and their cascading effects on mesopredators, which remain poorly understood despite evidence of top carnivore decline. We used structural equation modeling at a continental scale to investigate how habitat quality and quantity, livestock density, and other human pressures modified the intraguild relations of the 3 species that are at the top of the food chain in the Neotropics: jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). We included presence-absence data derived from systematic studies compiled in Neocarnivores data set for these felid species at 0.0833° resolution. Human disturbance reduced the probability of jaguar occurrence by -0.35 standard deviations. Unexpectedly, the presence of sheep (Ovis aries) or goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and jaguars was positively related to the presence of pumas, whereas puma presence was negatively related to the presence of ocelots. Extent of forest cover had more of an effect on jaguar (β = 0.23) and ocelot (β = 0.12) occurrences than the extent of protected area, which did not have a significant effect. The lack of effect of human activities on puma presence and the positive effect of small livestock supports the notion that pumas are more adaptable to habitat disturbance than jaguars. Our findings suggest that human disturbance has the potential to reverse the hierarchical competition dominance among large felids, leading to an unbalanced community structure. This shift disadvantages jaguars and elevates the position of pumas in the assemblage hierarchy, resulting in the exclusion of ocelots, despite their relatively lower susceptibility to anthropogenic disturbance. Our results suggest that conservation efforts should extend beyond protected areas to encompass the surrounding landscape, where complexities and potential conflicts are more pronounced.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying regulatory limits for multiple stressors in an open and transparent way.","authors":"Rick J Stoffels, Richard S A White","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biodiversity is confronted globally by multiple stressors. Environmental policies must regulate these stressors to achieve targets, but how should that be done when the outcomes of limits on one stressor are contingent on other stressors, about which there is imperfect knowledge? Deriving regulatory frameworks that incorporate these contingencies is an emerging challenge at the science-policy interface. To be fit for implementation, these frameworks need to facilitate the inherently sociopolitical process of policy implementation and account transparently for uncertainty, such that practitioners and other stakeholders can more realistically anticipate the range of potential outcomes to policy. We developed an approach to quantify stressor limits that explicitly accounts for multistressor contingencies. Using an invertebrate data set collected over 30 years throughout New Zealand, we combined ecological and ecotoxicological models to predict biodiversity loss as a function of one stressor, treating multistressor contingencies as a form of uncertainty about the outcomes of limits on that stressor. We transparently accounted for that uncertainty by presenting regulatory limits as bands bounded between optimistic and pessimistic views that practitioners may have about the local context within which limits are applied. In addition to transparently accounting for uncertainties, our framework also leaves room for practitioners to build stakeholder consensus when refining limits to suit different local contexts. A criticism of this open, transparent approach is that it creates too much scope for choosing limits that are lenient on polluters, paralyzing on-the-ground management of multiple stressors, but we demonstrate that this is not necessarily the case.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}