Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Strengths and complementarity of systematic conservation planning and key biodiversity area approaches for spatial planning.","authors":"Andy Plumptre, Jack Hayes, Daniele Baisero, Rob Rose, S Holness, Lize von Staden, Robert J Smith","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans at a national level is the focus of Target 1 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). There are 2 general approaches to identifying areas of value for biodiversity plans: criteria-based, such as the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) process, and systematic conservation planning (SCP) approaches, which apply complementarity to efficiently achieve specific quantitative targets. We examined the benefits of both approaches and considered how the KBA approach can best complement SCP. We reviewed 200 papers articles that applied SCP to real-world data with the Marxan conservation design software. Our review showed that targets for biodiversity elements are poorly selected in many SCP publications, with more than 75% of the studies applying uniform percentage target amounts to planning elements. Uniform targets favor more widespread species and ecosystems that are likely to be more common and less important for conservation. The strengths and complementarities of KBA and SCP approaches were reviewed and we identified the elements from both approaches that should be considered for spatial planning to achieve Target 1 in the KMGBF. In particular, the global approach of KBAs (i.e., identifying sites of global significance for species or ecosystems) better complements SCP, which often has a national or subnational focus. The KMGBF will fail if conservation of globally significant sites is not targeted and these sites are not incorporated in national spatial planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to An assessment of future rewilding potential in the United Kingdom","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brown, C., Prestele, R., &amp; Rounsevell, M. (2024). An assessment of future rewilding potential in the United Kingdom. <i>Conservation Biology</i>, 38(4), e14276.</p><p>The wrong grant number was provided for one of the projects involved. The correct number for the WildE project is 101081251 (not 895338 as originally published).</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of new protected areas to counteract losses from downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement.","authors":"Yanyun Yan, Song Ling Tan, Edward L Webb, James E M Watson, L Roman Carrasco","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) is a common occurrence. Although PADDD is expected to weaken biodiversity protection, PADDD offsets and new unrelated protected areas (PAs) could help restore representation of biodiversity features to the reserve network affected by PADDD. Globally, we analyzed 16 territories with terrestrial PADDD and 4 territories with marine PADDD from 2011 to 2020. Our objective was to evaluate whether PADDD offsets and new PAs could restore the PAs, key biodiversity areas (KBAs), ecoregions, and threatened amphibian, mammal, bird, and reptile species ranges where PADDD had occurred. In our studied territories, offsets of PADDD were rare (enacted in 3 [19%] terrestrial territories and one [25%] marine territory). One territory had PADDD losses that were compensated fully by PADDD offsets in terms of area coverage and ecoregions represented. All other territories failed to achieve compensation goals. In territories affected by PADDD, PADDD offsets and new PAs partially restored area representation (63%) and KBA coverage (57%). However, only 38% of ecoregion representation and 20%, 33%, 31%, and 21% of threatened amphibian, mammal, bird, and reptile representation, respectively, were restored. Overall, we found a large shortfall in PADDD offsets, even when unrelated PAs were included in the calculus. There is an urgent need to expand PADDD offsets and PAs to advance biodiversity conservation and achieve the Global Biodiversity Framework's 30×30 target. Future planning of newly enacted conservation areas needs to prioritize biodiversity conservation and consider the purpose of restoring reserve networks affected by PADDD, rather than solely focusing on areal targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14381"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misrepresentation of invasive species in the mass media with images of unrelated organisms","authors":"Mark K. L. Wong","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14382","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14382","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Public interest in invasive species and their impacts on ecosystems has grown in recent years, fueled not only by coordinated scientific efforts (Roy et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) but also by international media coverage (Cai, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Chung, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Greenfield, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Regan, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Communication theory underscores that the mass media plays a key role in setting agenda and shaping public opinion across diverse societies and cultures (McCombs &amp; Valenzuela, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Accordingly, accurate portrayals of invasive species and biological invasions in print and digital news, magazines, and social media are indispensable for promoting public understanding of these environmental problems as complex socioecological phenomena (Courchamp et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Kueffer &amp; Larson, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Larson, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). Effective reporting can even boost public support and engagement with management efforts, such as citizen science initiatives for detecting invasive species (Haley et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Koen &amp; Newton, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, despite their potential to shape public awareness and opinion, portrayals of invasive species in the mass media remain understudied (but see Ballari &amp; Barrios-García, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Car et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Woodworth et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although some attention has been paid to the tone and language used in media reports on invasive species (Car et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), another fundamental challenge is ensuring that the images featured accurately portray the species discussed, instead of other unrelated organisms. This is a pertinent issue for reports on invasive species of lesser known and diverse groups, such as numerous invertebrates (Turner et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Wong et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Problems are especially likely to occur when journalists are only provided with common names and lack access to accurate images of the organisms. This tends to promote the undesirable sourcing of images from stock image repositories, which can contain vast inaccuracies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consider recent media coverage on the red imported fire ant (&lt;i&gt;Solenopsis invicta&lt;/i&gt;), one of the world's most damaging and widespread invasive species (Lowe et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;). International news reports from the past year discussing &lt;i&gt;S. invicta&lt;/i&gt; infestations in Australia (Gillespie, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Vidler, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), Asia (Khoo, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), and Europe (Heath, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Knapton, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Symons, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) featured images depicting a variety of other ant species (Figure 1), all of which were incorrectly identified as “fire ant” in the captions. The credits of many images suggested they were sourced from stock image repositories such as iStock (istockphoto.com) and Getty Images (gettyimages.com). When I performed an image search for “&lt;i&gt;red imported fire ant&lt;/i&gt;” on these 2 platfo","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Show me the theory: Response to Birdsong et al. 2024","authors":"Kenneth E. Wallen","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14379","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic conservation prioritization with the prioritizr R package","authors":"Jeffrey O. Hanson,&nbsp;Richard Schuster,&nbsp;Matthew Strimas-Mackey,&nbsp;Nina Morrell,&nbsp;Brandon P. M. Edwards,&nbsp;Peter Arcese,&nbsp;Joseph R. Bennett,&nbsp;Hugh P. Possingham","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14376","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plans for expanding protected area systems (prioritizations) need to fulfill conservation objectives. They also need to account for other factors, such as economic feasibility and anthropogenic land-use requirements. Although prioritizations are often generated with decision support tools, most tools have limitations that hinder their use for decision-making. We outlined how the prioritizr R package (https://prioritizr.net) can be used for systematic conservation prioritization. This decision support tool provides a flexible interface to build conservation planning problems. It can leverage a variety of commercial (e.g., Gurobi) and open-source (e.g., CBC and SYMPHONY) exact algorithm solvers to identify optimal solutions in a short period. It is also compatible with a variety of spatially explicit (e.g., ESRI Shapefile, GeoTIFF) and nonspatial tabular (e.g., Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet) data formats. Additionally, it provides functionality for evaluating prioritizations, such as assessing the relative importance of different places selected by a prioritization. To showcase the prioritizr R package, we applied it to a case study based in Washington state (United States) for which we developed a prioritization to improve protected area coverage of native avifauna. We accounted for land acquisition costs, existing protected areas, places that might not be suitable for protected area establishment, and spatial fragmentation. We also conducted a benchmark analysis to examine the performance of different solvers. The prioritization identified 12,400 km² of priority areas for increasing the percentage of species’ distributions covered by protected areas. Although open source and commercial solvers were able to quickly solve large-scale conservation planning problems, commercial solvers were required for complex, large-scale problems.. The prioritizr R package is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). In addition to reserve selection, it can inform habitat restoration, connectivity enhancement, and ecosystem service provisioning. It has been used in numerous conservation planning exercises to inform best practices and aid real-world decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliciting diverse perspectives to prioritize community actions for biodiversity conservation","authors":"Angela J. Dean, Kelly S. Fielding, Liam D. G. Smith, Emma K. Church, Kerrie A. Wilson","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14372","url":null,"abstract":"Communities have a strong role in protecting biodiversity. In addition to participation in restoration, a range of actions in the public or private sphere may support biodiversity. Despite this, there is a lack of clarity about what actions should be prioritized for behavior change campaigns. We developed and applied a method to prioritize community actions for biodiversity conservation that incorporates an expert‐based assessment of impact and a community‐informed measure of the likelihood of uptake. In stage 1, experts (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 143) completed a survey that quantified the relative impact of actions based on best–worst scaling of perceived impact. In stage 2, surveyed community members (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 3200) ranked the likelihood of adopting actions based on the ease or difficulty of performing each action, and the opportunity for change based on the proportion of respondents not yet engaging in each behavior. Experts gave the following actions the highest ranking for impact: voting for the environment (first), participating in restoration in ecological priority areas (second), and purchasing and protecting remnant bushland (third). When considering the disciplinary background and institutional background of experts, voting and participating in restoration activities remained in the upper ranked options. However, there was some divergence between these groups. For example, reducing beef consumption was ranked third by university‐based experts but ranked 28th by experts based in state government. Overall, community members ranked the following behaviors as most likely to be adopted: following quarantine laws (first), reducing plastic use (second), and managing pets (third). Top likelihood ranking of actions was minimally affected by community characteristics (nature relatedness, gender, location). Integrating these findings, the action ranked most favorably for impact, likelihood, and opportunity was participating in restoration. Choosing actions for behavior change campaigns requires consideration of the entire social–ecological system—from social factors that enable or constrain adoption to the ecological impact of actions across relevant social and ecological contexts.","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of ecosystem service message framing and dynamic social norms on public support for tropical forest restoration","authors":"D.‐L. Simons, R. B. Bradbury, K. L. Evans","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14373","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of strategic psychology‐based marketing techniques for increasing public support for conservation is poorly understood. We assessed how such techniques affect support for tropical rainforest restoration with a controlled online experiment with 1166 nationally representative residents of the United Kingdom. We tested whether support increased when adding ecosystem service (ES) framings to typical nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs) biodiversity‐focused messages that emphasize benefits to UK residents or people living near the tropical restoration site and a dynamic social norm nudge that emphasized increasing popularity of environmental restoration. We considered how respondents’ psychological traits (nature connection, self‐efficacy, psychological benefits of supporting charities, awareness of environmental degradation in the Global South, and climate change skepticism) influenced responses. Outcomes included respondents’ reported advertisement sufficiency, sympathetic attitudes, behavioral support, and financial support. The study population typically found advertisements sufficient and exhibited sympathetic attitudes and financial, but not behavioral, support. Younger people exhibited greater conservation support than older respondents. Messages framed solely on biodiversity conservation were as effective as those highlighting additional ES benefits received by UK residents and people near the tropical restoration site. This suggests that framing around ESs, rather than nature's intrinsic value, may not strengthen public support for conservation. The dynamic social norm nudge had perverse effects. It reduced perceived social norms and most outcome variables. Alternative dynamic norm nudges warrant testing, but our results support research suggesting dynamic norm nudges can be ineffective when associated with activism, challenging their use by conservation NGOs. Psychological benefits of supporting charities and perceived self‐efficacy increased support for advertisements, highlighting the benefits of including impact statements relating respondents’ support to specific outcomes. Climate change skepticism decreased support, whereas nature connection and perceived static social norms increased it, highlighting the need to increase nature connection and pro‐environmental social norms to elevate public support for conservation.","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"e14373"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of trade and poaching pressure on extinction risk for cacti in the Atacama Desert","authors":"Angelica Villalobo-Lopez,&nbsp;Carol M. Peña,&nbsp;Antonio Varas-Myrik,&nbsp;Michiel Pillet,&nbsp;Paulina Jahnsen,&nbsp;Patricio Pliscoff,&nbsp;Bárbara Goettsch,&nbsp;Pablo C. Guerrero","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14353","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this era of a global biodiversity crisis, vascular plants are facing unprecedented extinction rates. We conducted an assessment of the extinction risk of 32 species and 7 subspecies of <i>Copiapoa</i>, a genus endemic to Chile's fog-dependent coastal Atacama Desert. We applied the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Categories and Criteria enhanced by expert insights and knowledge. Our primary aim was to analyze the impact of trade and poaching on their extinction risk. We employed machine learning models, including multinomial logistic regression (MLR), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF), to analyze the relationships between conservation status and various factors. These factors encompassed trade and poaching activities, landscape condition, human footprint, monthly cloud frequency, and biological traits such as evolutionary distinctiveness and maximum diameter. Seven taxa had an area of occupancy (AOO) of &lt;10 km², 10 additional taxa had an AOO of &lt;20 km², and 16 taxa had an AOO of ≤100 km². This reassessment exposed a critical level of extinction risk for the genus; 92% of the taxa were classified as threatened, 41% as critically endangered, 41% as endangered, and 10% as vulnerable. MLR, DT, and RF exhibited accuracies of 0.784, 0.730, and 0.598, respectively, and identified trade and poaching pressure and landscape condition as the primary drivers of extinction risk. Our assessment of <i>Copiapoa</i> showed trade, poaching, habitat degradation, and their synergic impacts as the main drivers of the genus’ extinction risk. Our results highlight the urgent need for nations to develop and enforce strategies to monitor and control trade and poaching pressure because these factors are crucial for the long-term persistence of desert plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposing illegal hunting and wildlife depletion in the world's largest tropical country through social media data","authors":"Hani R. El Bizri,&nbsp;Marcela A. Oliveira,&nbsp;Aline Pessutti Rampini,&nbsp;Simon Knoop,&nbsp;Julia E. Fa,&nbsp;Lauren Coad,&nbsp;Thais Queiroz Morcatty,&nbsp;Gabriel Favero Massocato,&nbsp;Arnaud L. J. Desbiez,&nbsp;João Vitor Campos-Silva,&nbsp;Daniel Zani La Laina,&nbsp;José Maurício Barbanti Duarte,&nbsp;Rafael Sá Leitão Barboza,&nbsp;Zilca Campos,&nbsp;Marcélia Basto da Silva,&nbsp;Sarah Mângia,&nbsp;Daniel J. Ingram,&nbsp;Juliano A. Bogoni","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14334","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Globally, illegal sport hunting can threaten prey populations when unregulated. Due to its covert nature, illegal sport hunting poses challenges for data collection, hindering efforts to understand the full extent of its impacts. We gathered social media data to analyze patterns of illegal sport hunting and wildlife depletion across Brazil. We collected data for 2 years (2018–2020) across 5 Facebook groups containing posts depicting pictures of illegal sport hunting events of native fauna. We described and mapped these hunting events by detailing the number of hunters involved, the number of species, the mean body mass of individuals, and the number and biomass of individuals hunted per unit area, stratified by Brazilian biome. We also examined the effects of defaunation on hunting yield and composition via regression models, rank–abundance curves, and spatial interpolation. We detected 2046 illegal sport hunting posts portraying the hunting of 4658 animals (∼29 t of undressed meat) across all 27 states and 6 natural biomes of Brazil. Of 157 native species targeted by hunters, 19 are currently threatened with extinction. We estimated that 1414 hunters extracted 3251 kg/million km². Some areas exhibited more pronounced wildlife depletion, in particular the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. In these areas, there was a shift from large mammals and reptiles to small birds as the main targeted taxa, and biomass extracted per hunting event and mean body mass across all taxonomic groups were lower than in other areas. Our results highlight that illegal sport hunting adds to the pressures of subsistence hunting and the wild meat trade on Brazil's wildlife populations. Enhanced surveillance efforts are needed to reduce illegal sport hunting levels and to develop well-managed sustainable sport hunting programs. These can support wildlife conservation and offer incentives for local communities to oversee designated sport hunting areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.14334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}