Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Forest fire smoke as a threat to the health of river dolphins.","authors":"Enzo Aliaga-Rossel, David Edinger, Miriam Marmontel, Luis Guizada Duran, Andreas Fahlman","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvements for better scaling of locally managed marine areas","authors":"Emily Lewis-Brown,&nbsp;Hope Beatty,&nbsp;Katrina Davis,&nbsp;Ando Rabearisoa,&nbsp;Jeannot Ramiaramanana,&nbsp;Robert M. Ewers,&nbsp;Morena Mills","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To protect and restore ecosystems at the speed and scale required to meet current environmental challenges, a greater understanding of how conservation initiatives spread from existing to new adopters is required. According to the diffusion of innovation theory, positive adopter-to-peer communication is a powerful driver of innovation spread, whereas negative communications hinder innovation spread. Aware of this, businesses regularly survey customers and respond accordingly to maximize company growth. Therefore, we used 2 consumer satisfaction research measures commonly used by businesses, importance–performance analysis (IPA), which measures performance on metrics that are most important to customers, and net promoter score (NPS), which measures likely spread through positive referrals, to study satisfaction among adopters of locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) in northeastern Madagascar. Our results identified 4 attributes of LMMAs that adopters viewed as important but rated as worsening over time (funding and livestock provided by a nongovernmental organization, conflict in the village, and connections with others). Adopters considered control over resources and fisheries restrictions important and high performing. Villagers rated their quality of life since adopting LMMAs positively on average, but NPS returned a negative result overall and a strongly negative score for nonleaders. Our findings can be used to improve the design and management of LMMAs, inform pre- and postproject impact assessments to minimize negative impacts from conservation initiatives, and increase the spread of conservation initiatives. More broadly, this study presents a novel outlook for increasing the adoption of conservation initiatives by framing adopters of conservation initiatives as akin to customers whose perceptions of conservation initiatives matter inherently and because of their power to influence the spread of conservation initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-informed and codesigned research to understand the impacts of railways on wildlife","authors":"Kyle D. Vincent,&nbsp;Jacqueline D. Litzgus,&nbsp;Steven J. Kell,&nbsp;Cory L. Kozmik,&nbsp;Angela Belleau,&nbsp;Jesse N. Popp","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trains cause mortalities of several animal species, but the ecological impacts of railways are understudied. Most research on wildlife–train collisions has focused on large mammals, but understanding railway-specific risks for underrepresented taxa, especially vulnerable species, is important for developing effective mitigation strategies. Based on the concerns and interests of 2 Anishinaabek communities—Shawanaga First Nation (SFN) and Magnetawan First Nation (MFN)—we collaboratively aimed to fill knowledge gaps with a community-informed approach in which Indigenous knowledge (IK) and Western science were used to investigate wildlife interactions with railways bisecting the 2 Traditional Territories in Ontario, Canada. To inform study design, First Nation community members were invited to share knowledge concerning wildlife–railway impacts in semistructured interviews. Weekly walking surveys were conducted in 3 field seasons along two 3.6-km sections of railway in SFN and MFN during which locations of all wildlife observed alive or dead were recorded. We also deployed game cameras at 500-m intervals along the railway survey areas. On walking surveys, we recorded 462 observations of individuals from 42 species, of which 76% were found dead. These findings complemented the shared IK that railways affect a wide variety of wildlife, often causing mortalities. Reptiles and amphibians were the most severely affected taxa, accounting for 87% of observed mortalities. Seven species at risk of extinction interacted with the railway, including 3 turtle species and one snake species, all of which were found dead on the railway tracks. Cameras recorded 43 wildlife species; most detections were of large and medium mammals, suggesting they frequently interact with the railway but may face lower mortality risks than herpetofauna in our study area. Ultimately, our study highlights the holistic outcomes that are possible through collaborative research that embraces complementary knowledge systems and indicates that reptile and amphibian populations may be particularly susceptible to railway mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling conditions for conservation on Indigenous and community lands.","authors":"Stephanie Brittain, Andrea Alatorre, Leigh-Anne Bullough, Helen Newing","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increasing evidence and general acceptance in global environmental policy of the significant role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IP&LC) in biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, an implementation gap remains between global policy and how conservation plays out on the ground. One reason for this discrepancy may be the lack of a coherent evidence base on how best to support the contributions of IP&LC to conservation. Enabling conditions are often discussed in conservation policy, but the diverse factors that may enable or disable Indigenous and community conservation are frequently not considered in empirical studies of conservation outcomes. We explored the enabling conditions and ecological outcomes of conservation that are measured or reported in the literature on forested lands held by IP&LC and identified gaps and biases in the current knowledge base. We searched 3 bibliographic databases and screened the results for relevance against predefined inclusion criteria, reviewing 182 articles. Articles examined the effects of 20 enabling conditions on 11 ecological outcomes. The more frequently explored links were between the enabling conditions-governance and law and policy-and the outcomes-forest cover and forest quality. Key knowledge gaps were the impacts of enabling conditions on species-level outcomes and certain ecosystem services, such as soil and water quality and carbon sequestration. Priorities for future reviews include in-depth examinations of the linkages we identified and the quality of evidence that exists. Understanding how IP&LC can best be supported is a critical step in promoting rights-based approaches, as set out in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of protected areas in mitigating range loss and local extinctions of terrestrial mammals.","authors":"Andrea Cristiano, Rajeev Pillay, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Delgado, James E M Watson, Oscar Venter, Michela Pacifici","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protected areas (PAs) are a major tool in biodiversity conservation, but the extent to which they mitigate species declines is often unclear. We evaluated the effectiveness of PAs in mitigating range contraction and local extinction for 483 terrestrial mammal species. We used expert-based species range maps from the 1970s and compared them with current distributions to estimate changes in range area and PA coverage over the last 5 decades. We used generalized boosted models and propensity score matching to assess the effectiveness of PAs in mitigating species declines in landscape units sharing environmental features but differing in protection status. On average, mammal species were extirpated across one third of their ranges from 1970 to 2015, and 86% of this range contraction occurred outside PAs. In areas protected continuously since the 1970s, extirpation rates were half that in matched landscape units that were never protected. Areas protected since the 1970s also had lower extirpation rates compared with matched areas that became protected later. Lower species extirpation and range contraction rates were also correlated with greater area encompassed by PAs. Although the proportion of species ranges encompassed by PAs seemingly increased by 12% from 1970 to 2015, this increase may be largely attributed to the loss of species range area outside PAs rather than the strategic expansion of PAs. Our results showed that PAs can mitigate range loss and local extinctions for mammals and highlighted that PAs need to be maintained continuously over long time frames to have positive effects on biodiversity. Our findings suggest that downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement of PAs can lead to biodiversity declines, whereas the strategic achievement of targets, such as protecting 30% of land area by 2030, could facilitate species persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70092"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An invisible trade in imperiled guitarfishes","authors":"Bryan L. Huerta-Beltrán,&nbsp;J. Marcus Drymon,&nbsp;Amanda E. Jargowsky,&nbsp;Peter M. Kyne,&nbsp;Nicole M. Phillips","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictions of southern migration timing in coastal sharks under future ocean warming.","authors":"Maria H Manz, Oliver N Shipley, Robert M Cerrato, Robert E Hueter, Alisa L Newton, John P Tyminski, Bryan R Franks, Tobey H Curtis, Christopher Fischer, Joshua P Zacharias, Christopher Scott, Keith J Dunton, Jeff Kneebone, Bradley J Peterson, Brittney J Scannell, Jon F Dodd, Michael G Frisk","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Projected redistribution of marine species due to ocean warming may undermine current conservation efforts. Yet, there have been few studies on how ocean warming may alter migration timing. Across 5 years of acoustic telemetry data (2018-2022), we determined environmental drivers of southward migration timing for 6 migratory shark species from summer habitats in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. We then forecasted how migratory timing from 3 regions, between the New England shelf and Mid-Atlantic Bight, would respond under future sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Photoperiod and SST were strong predictors of southern migration in sharks, but the strength of these effects varied latitudinally. Overall, we found delayed departure dates from summer habitats under future elevated SSTs, indicating prolonged residency in northern habitats (median = ∼12 days). Sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) exhibited the largest delay in the onset of southern migrations (median = 29 days), whereas sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) and white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) exhibited the smallest delay (median = 1 day). Delays in migration timing of coastal shark species may alter local ecosystem dynamics and challenge current management strategies. These findings illustrate the utility of collaborative data-sharing networks to expand understanding of broadscale animal movements and contribute to effective species management under a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The generations of cultural ecosystem services research","authors":"Rachelle K. Gould,&nbsp;Terre Satterfield,&nbsp;Kirsten Leong,&nbsp;Jonathan Fisk","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the cultural dimensions of human–nature relationships and integrating them into decision-making is a central goal of conservation social science. One prominent avenue for this work is the characterization and analysis of cultural ecosystem services (CES) (i.e., nonmaterial aspects of the benefits derived from human–nature relationships). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment introduced the term <i>CES</i> in 2005, and the ensuing decades have seen a blossoming of work on this topic—including extensive critique and the development of multiple closely related concepts. Because the need to recognize CESs (by whatever name) is not going away, we reflected on where CES research has been, where it is now, and where it might go. We refer to the current field as second-generation CES: a suite of approaches and innovations (biocultural indicators, relational values, and nonmaterial nature's contributions to people) that enhance, reject, or modify some of the premises of first-generation CES. These new approaches can be understood as a pluralistic menu of options to capture the essence of what CES aimed to, or failed to fully, represent. Nonmaterial factors (i.e., CES and conceptual offspring of CES) can affect conservation decision-making via 4 main channels: evaluation or assessment, elucidation of trade-offs, epistemic and social recognition, and, in some cases, the reclassification of what nature itself is.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative effects of sacred forests and protected areas on forest conservation and structure in Japan","authors":"Jonathan Peereman,&nbsp;Masahiro Aiba,&nbsp;Teng-Chiu Lin","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sacred forests, found on all inhabited continents, are globally recognized for their biodiversity and conservation value and their role in cultural landscapes. Assessments of the effects of forest sacredness have mostly focused on small regions and are based on diverse methods. We used geographic information provided by the public and datasets derived from remote sensing to locate and examine changes in shrine and temple forests across Japan. We compared the aboveground vegetation structure and annual rate of forest loss of these sacred forests with their surrounding nonsacred forests and with legally protected areas. We tested whether these differences were comparable between urban and rural areas and between shrine and temple forests. Based on a sample of 35,899 sacred forests, sacred forests had higher canopy height (mean [SD] = 15.5 m [0.02] vs. 15.2 m [0.01], <i>t</i> test, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) than the surrounding nonsacred forests. An annual rate of sacred forest loss was 50% lower than other forests outside legally protected areas (0.07%/year and 0.13%/year, respectively) from 2000 to 2022. Sacred forests had forest loss rates comparable to strictly protected forests (0.05%/year for International Union for Conservation of Nature categories Ia–III), and sacredness and legal protections cumulatively reduced forest loss. The protection sacred forests offer was confirmed across urban and rural areas of Japan. Large-scale assessments of sacred forests’ efficiency are now possible based on geographic information provided by the public. We found that sacred forests were as effective as strict legally protected areas at preventing forest loss and that shrine and temple forests were important features of lowland urban and rural landscapes of Japan, ranging from boreal to subtropical forests. These sites need to be further considered in national or even international conservation frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global indicator of species recovery","authors":"H. Resit Akçakaya,&nbsp;Michael Hoffmann,&nbsp;E. J. Milner-Gulland,&nbsp;Molly K. Grace,&nbsp;Barney Long","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring progress toward meeting global biodiversity goals involves several indicators, including, at the species level, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index (RLI) and the Living Planet Index (LPI). However, at present, there is no indicator specifically for tracking species recovery, despite this being enshrined in the mission of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). The IUCN recently adopted the Green Status of Species (GSS), a global standard for measuring species recovery and for assessing the role played by conservation in species recovery. An index based on GSS has been adopted as an indicator for multiple elements of GBF. However, a methodology underpinning the index itself has not previously been published or elaborated. We have therefore developed the Green Status Index of Species Recovery (GSI) for use as a global indicator of progress toward species recovery. We devised GSI to reflect the uncertainties of the underlying GSS assessments and developed methods to disaggregate its global value to reflect the contribution of each country to the recovery of the species within its borders. Overall, we designed the GSI to exhibit key attributes of an effective global indicator, including an explicit objective aligned with global biodiversity goals and a sound methodological basis. The GSI complements existing indicators, such as RLI and LPI, because it fills an important niche in measuring biodiversity trends, going beyond extinction risk and population abundance. As a test, we applied the GSI to a set of species and found that these species were less than halfway to full recovery and moved farther away from full recovery since the mid-20th century. Although the deployment of GSI for complete taxonomic groups will require a considerable scaling up of effort, a sampled approach is feasible and can be operational by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}