IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005最新文献

{"title":"Response of a SOI microdosimeter to a /sup 238/PuBe neutron source","authors":"M. Reinhard, I. Cornelius, D. Prokopovich, A. Wroe, A. Rosenfeld, V. Pisacane, J. Ziegler, M. Nelson, F. Cucinotta, M. Zaider, J. Dicello","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596209","url":null,"abstract":"The response of a solid state microdosimeter based on semiconductor on insulator (SOI) technology to a 238PuBe neutron source was investigated. Simulations of the device response using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit are also presented. The microdosimetric spectra was measured for lineal energies above 1 keV/mum. The possible application of the SOI microdosimeter for radiation protection applications in the form of a personnel microdosimeter is suggested","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of using two 3-D position sensitive CZT detectors for small animal PET","authors":"Feng Zhang, Zhong He, Dan Xu, Ling-Jian Meng","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596621","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental small animal PET using two 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe detectors was developed and tested. Each 1.5/spl times/1.5/spl times/1 cm/sup 3/ CdZnTe detector employs 11 by 11 pixellated anodes wire-bonded to the VAS3.1/TAT3/MCR3 readout electronics. Each detector can obtain the deposited energy and 3-D coordinates for single-pixel and multiple-pixel events. Both systems achieved energy resolutions of better than 1.0% FWHM at 662 ReV for single-pixel events and better than 1.5% FWHM at 662 ReV for two-pixel events. The position resolution of each detector was estimated to be /spl sim/1.3/spl times/1.3/spl times/0.5 mm/sup 3/. Modifications to the firmware of the readout board and additions of custom-built circuitry enabled coincidence measurement between two 3-D CdZnTe detector systems using VAS3.1/TAT3/MCR3 readout systems. Spatial resolution improvements by using depth of interaction (DOI) and by identifying the first interaction using Compton scattering angle reconstruction are reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124871430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative iodine-124 imaging on animal PET","authors":"R. Yao, S. Balakrishnan, S. Ambwani, V. Rathod, Y. Shao","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596636","url":null,"abstract":"With a half-live of 4.2 days, iodine-124 (124I) is suitable for studying antibodies and drug analogues in animals that have a biological half-live in days. The special challenges with 124 I imaging on animal PET are: 1) the high fraction of high-energy, non-annihilation gamma-rays that introduce true coincidences which elevate the image background activity, and 2) the significant degradation of spatial resolution due to the high positron energies. By simulations and experiments on an animal PET scanner, we characterized these two unique degradation factors and evaluated the corresponding correction methods. The preliminary results of applying non-annihilation true coincidence correction and using 124I specific point spread function in the system matrix of reconstruction algorithm showed improved contrast and resolution recovery. These findings indicate that higher-resolution, quantitative 1241 applications can be achieved","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127073514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from a first prototype of a Compton prostate probe","authors":"C. Lacasta, J. Bernabeu, D. Burdette, E. Chesi, N. Clinthorne, Y. Dewaraja, K. Honscheid, H. Kagan, G. Llosá, M. Mikuž, P. Modesto, W. Rogers, A. Studen, P. Weilhammer, L. Zhang, D. Žontar","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596208","url":null,"abstract":"A first prototype of a Compton prostate probe has been built using a stack of five 4times1 cm2, 1 mm thick silicon pad detectors as a scatter detector, surrounded by three scintillation detectors in which the absorption of the scattered photons takes place. The silicon pad dimensions are 1.4times1.4 mm which provide the required spatial resolution. The energy resolution in the silicon sensors is about 1.4 keV FWHM as determined from several gamma sources. The results obtained validate the simulation predictions that foresee an improvement over current SPECT techniques by a factor 16-40 in sensitivity and 4-5 in spatial resolution simultaneously for an intra-rectal probe built employing this concept and placed at 2 cm from the prostate","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130831754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of block-iterative algorithms for SPECT reconstruction","authors":"Chi Liu, L. Volokh, Xide Zhao, Jingyan Xu, Taek-Soo Lee, B. Tsui","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596676","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of four block-iterative algorithms, ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OS-EM), rescaled block-iterative EM (RBI-EM), modified row-action maximum likelihood algorithm (RAMLA) and rescaled block-iterative maximum a posteriori EM (RBI-MAP-EM), for In-111 ProstaScint/spl reg/ SPECT image reconstruction. The 3D NCAT phantom with realistic In-111 ProstaScint/spl reg/ activity distribution was used in the study. Noise-free and noisy projections of the phantom obtained using a medium-energy general-purpose (MEGP) collimator were generated using Monte Carlo simulation methods. For each algorithm, the projection data were reconstructed with the compensations for attenuation, collimator-detector response and scatter. Image quality was evaluated in terms of FWHM of a profile through a small blood vessel, normalized mean square error (NMSE), ensemble normalized standard deviation (NSDE) of a uniform region of interest (ROI) in the reconstructed image measured from 30 noise realizations, and regional NSD (NSDR) of an ROI measure from 1 noise realization. The results indicated that, RBI-EM has superior performance than that of OS-EM when less than 4 views per subset were used and similar performance when 4 or more views per subset were used. Modified RAMLA provides similar image quality with a slower convergence rate than that of OS-EM. Using well-chosen parameters, RBI-MAP-EM provides increased noise smoothing with less loss in resolution and error. We conclude that when compared with OS-EM, the RBI-EM and modified RAMLA have the same performance at a slower convergence rate, while the RBI-MAP-EM has superior performance and can potentially improve image quality.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of respiration motion of the heart based on semi-automated segmentation and modeling of respiratory-gated CT data","authors":"J. Dey, T. Pan, M. Smyczynski, H. Pretorias, D. Choi, M. King","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596860","url":null,"abstract":"One of the factors limiting the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac SPECT perfusion imaging is the respiratory motion of the heart. Several authors have investigated the motion of heart due to respiration. In this work we have 4D-CT data for 7 patients, consisting of 10 respiration gated non-contrast CT datasets covering the heart region for each patient. We perform a segmentation and registration of the heart datasets in sequence to determine the gross rigid-body motion of the heart due to respiration. For each patient, we segment the heart with a prior shape with an initial pose on one coronal slice of one of the respiration stages, and then the algorithm tracks the object through the other coronal slices. The segmentation results for first stage of respiration are used to initiate the segmentation of the heart at second stage, and so on for the other stages of respiration. A 6-parameter rigid-body registration of the first stage of respiration to the 9 consequent stages estimates the gross motion of the heart. The results of tracking heart motion for the 7 patients indicate a SI axis translation with an (absolute) range of 2.6 to 10.7 mm and mean of 5.7 mm, and standard deviation of 3.7 mm, during expiration. Mean rotations of 3.5 deg about the AP-axis, and 1.2 deg about the RL axis were also observed","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"698 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125488846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scintillating triple GEM beam monitor for radiation therapy","authors":"A. Simon, Elisena A. G. Seravalli, Roger W. Kreuger, Jeroen Hendrikse, E. Loeff, Ben J. M. Heijmen, C. E. W. V. Eijk","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596910","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the characterization of a gas detector, based on gas electron multipliers (GEMs), for use in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The light emitted during the gas multiplication process in 1 atm Ar-CF4 (96-4) scintillating gas mixture has been studied as a function of applied voltages and treatment conditions such as beam time and photon energy","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123831805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of BGO, GSO, MLS, LGSO, LYSO and LSO scintillation materials for high-spatial-resolution animal PET detectors","authors":"R. Ramirez, W. Wong, Soonseok Kim, H. Baghaei, Hongdi Li, Yu Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Shitao Liu, Jiguo Liu","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596923","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing very-high resolution detector blocks for animal PET applications. We studied different scintillating crystals materials, BGO, GSO, LSO, MLS, LGSO, and LYSO, to determine the most suitable material for a low cost and high-resolution detector. In this study, we measured and evaluated two different light-output data from individual crystal samples (two different sizes of needles): the scintillation light output received by the PMT as used in PET (LOPET) and the intrinsic light output (ILO). The ILO data, were measured with the largest side of crystal needles coupled to the PMT (crystal needles \"lying down onto the PMT\"), the LOPET data, were measured with the smallest crystal end coupled to the PMT as used in a PET detector (the crystal is \"standing up\" on the PMT). The pulse-height spectra for both ILO and LOPET were acquired for all the individual crystal samples, for deducing the percentages of light loss from self-absorption (LLSA) in the PET detector configuration, and energy resolution in both positions (ILO-ER and LOPET-ER). With these crystals, four detectors blocks were also developed, and we measured the overall light output and the position-decoding maps to gauge the decoding capability (DC) of the crystals. We also compared the visual color and clarity of individual crystals and detector blocks. For the two different sizes of the crystal samples that we received, we have the following finding: (a) For the 1.3times1.3times10 mm3 crystals \"standing up\" as used in a PET camera, GSO, MLS and LYSO, lost almost half of the light while LSO lost more than 2/3 thereby ended up with the same light output as GSO. The energy resolution of LSO and GSO are quite similar (16% and 15%); but the light absorption is significant higher in LSO (71%) in comparison to GSO (54%), MLS (52%) and LYSO (48%). (b) For the 2times2times10 mm3, the light loss from self-absorption (LLSA) was less than the 1.3 mm samples. MLS has the lowest self-absorption (26%), while GSO and LSO have the highest light loss. LGSO and LSO have the lowest LOPET for all the lutetium crystals tested. (c) From the position-decoding results from the detector blocks, LYSO, MLS and GSO provided better position-decoding resolution than the LSO. (d) For the visually comparison, LSO were visually much darker than the other lutetium crystals","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131172642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rebinning-type backprojection-filtration algorithm for region of interest reconstruction in fan-beam CT with improved noise properties","authors":"Lifeng Yu, D. Xia, Y. Zou, E. Sidky, Xiaochuan Pan, C. Pelizzari","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596893","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an alternative backprojection-filtration(BPF)-based reconstruction algorithm for fan-beam CT, which reconstructs images by first converting the fan-beam data to fan-parallel-beam data and then using a modified parallel-beam BPF algorithm to obtain the reconstruction. This proposed algorithm retains the properties of the original fan-beam BPF algorithm in that it can reconstruct exact region of interest (ROI) images from truncated data and/or super-short-scan data. The major advantage of this algorithm is its improved noise properties because of the elimination of the spatially-variant weighting factor. In addition, the proposed algorithm is computationally more efficient","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132088326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROI reconstruction of motion-contaminated data with a backprojection filtration algorithm","authors":"M. King, Lifeng Yu, D. Xia, Xiaochuan Pan, M. Giger","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596786","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the potential of using the backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm for reconstructing images from motion-contaminated data, simulation studies were conducted with three virtual phantoms. The first was a uniform elliptical phantom, which underwent rotational motion during half of its temporal cycle. The second was a normal-sized modified FORBILD phantom with a dynamic insert undergoing contractile motion during 65% of its temporal cycle. This phantom was expanded to form a third phantom, whose portions extended beyond the field-of-view (FOV). For the elliptical phantom, the BPF algorithm was able to obtain an exact reconstruction of a region-of-interest (ROI) covering a portion of the ellipse, whereas the fanbeam filtered backprojection (FFBP) algorithm could not. For the normal-sized phantom, nine full-scan data sets were acquired with percents of motion-contaminated data PMCDs ranging from 17.5% to 100%. For each data set, the mean absolute difference MAD, root mean square error RMS, and correlation CORR metrics were used to assess the differences between a defined ROI reconstructed from motion-contaminated data from the same ROI reconstructed from motion-free data. The BPF algorithm using a reduced-scan interval was able to produce better MAD, RMS, and CORR metrics than both FFBP and BPF algorithms using the same short-scan interval over all PMCDs. For the expanded phantom, the presence of truncations in the data sets did not affect the overall trends of the three metrics in BPF reconstructions of eight data sets with PMCDs ranging from 15% to 100%.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}