Comprehensive psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Structured clinical interview for diagnosing obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.","authors":"Christine Lochner ,&nbsp;Karen T. Maré ,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are several established structured diagnostic interviews that cover common mental disorders seen in general psychiatry clinics. The administration of more focused diagnostic interviews may be useful in specialty clinics, such as OCD clinics. A semi-structured clinician-administered interview for obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (SCID-OCSD) was developed and adapted for DSM-5/ICD-11 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as well as other putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To introduce a semi-structured diagnostic interview for in-depth assessment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs), and to report on its implementation in adults with primary OCD attending an OCD-specialized unit.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with primary OCD were interviewed using the SCID-OCSD. The SCID-OCSD assesses disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that share some core features of obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and that are often comorbid in OCD (e.g., obsessive-compulsive related disorders, impulse-control disorders, and a spectrum of compulsive-impulsive conditions such as tics, eating disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and behavioral addictions. Participants had to be at least moderately symptomatic on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity scale (YBOCS, i.e., a total score ≥ 14) to be included in the current study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred and one adult patients with current OCD (<em>n</em> = 101, 37 men and 64 women), took part in the study. Forty-two participants (<em>n</em> = 42) had OCD and one or more current or past comorbid OCSDs, with excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (<em>n</em> = 16) and body dysmorphic disorder (<em>n</em> = 14) being the most common. Nine (<em>n</em> = 9) participants reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury, and 6 participants reported a history of comorbid tics.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In OCD clinics, the SCID-OCSD may help diagnose the full range of putative OCSDs, and so facilitate treatment planning and research on these conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000452/pdfft?md5=aabc27579a308f387b3b176977aea501&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant salience mediates the interplay between emotional abuse and positive symptoms in schizophrenia","authors":"Renato de Filippis ,&nbsp;Matteo Aloi ,&nbsp;Marco Tullio Liuzza ,&nbsp;Valentina Pugliese ,&nbsp;Elvira Anna Carbone ,&nbsp;Marianna Rania ,&nbsp;Cristina Segura-Garcia ,&nbsp;Pasquale De Fazio","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Childhood trauma and adversities (CTA) and aberrant salience (AS) have a pivotal role in schizophrenia development, but their interplay with psychotic symptoms remains vague. We explored the mediation performed by AS between CTA and psychotic symptomatology in schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We approached 241 adults suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), who have been in the unit for at least 12 consecutive months, excluding the diagnosis of dementia, and recent substance abuse disorder, and cross-sectional evaluated through the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF), and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). We tested a path-diagram where AS mediated the relationship between CTA and psychosis, after verifying each measure one-dimensionality through confirmatory factor analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The final sample comprised 222 patients (36.9% female), with a mean age of 42.4 (± 13.3) years and an average antipsychotic dose of 453.6 (± 184.2) mg/day (chlorpromazine equivalents). The mean duration of untreated psychosis was 1.8 (± 2.0) years while the mean onset age was 23.9 (± 8.2) years. Significant paths were found from emotional abuse to ASI total score (<em>β</em> = 0.39; <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and from ASI total score to PANSS positive (<em>β</em> = 0.17; <em>p</em> = .019). Finally, a statistically significant indirect association was found from emotional abuse to PANSS positive mediated by ASI total score (β = 0.06; <em>p</em> = .041; CI 95% [0.01, 0.13]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Emotional abuse has an AS-mediated effect on positive psychotic symptomatology. AS evaluation could allow a better characterization of psychosis as well as explain the presence of positive symptoms in adults with SSDs who experienced CTA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152496"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000476/pdfft?md5=30b8f941ede3fcb7abbad38fce7de81a&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanism of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in patients with non-suicidal self-injury","authors":"Author Nan Lang ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Wenkun Lei ,&nbsp;Yiwen Xiao ,&nbsp;Yaming Hang ,&nbsp;Ya Xie ,&nbsp;Zhangwei Lv ,&nbsp;Yumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Liu ,&nbsp;Minlu Liang ,&nbsp;Congjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Long ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Suhong Wang ,&nbsp;Yibin Tang ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152487","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been on the rise in recent years. Studies have shown that people with NSSI have difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive control. In addition, some studies have investigated the cognitive emotion regulation of people with NSSI which found that they have difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation, but there was a lack of research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and related neural mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study included 117 people with NSSI (age = 19.47 ± 5.13, male = 17) and 84 non-NSSI participants (age = 19.86 ± 4.14, male = 16). People with NSSI met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and non-NSSI participants had no mental or physical disorders. The study collected all participants' data of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the differences in psychological performance and brain between two groups. Afterwards, Machine learning was used to select the found differential brain regions to obtain the highest correlation regions with NSSI. Then, Allen's Human Brain Atlas database was used to compare with the information on the abnormal brain regions of people with NSSI to find the genetic information related to NSSI. In addition, gene enrichment analysis was carried out to find the related pathways and specific cells that may have differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The differences between NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants were as follows: positive refocusing (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −4.74, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); refocusing on plans (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −4.11, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); positive reappraisal (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −9.22, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); self-blame (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 6.30, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); rumination (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 3.64, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); catastrophizing (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 9.10, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), and blaming others (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 2.52, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), the precentral gyrus (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 6.04, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05) and the rolandic operculum (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −4.57, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05). Rolandic operculum activity was negatively correlated with blaming others (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = −0.20, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Epigenetic results showed that excitatory neurons (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and inhibitory neurons (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) were significant differences in two pathways, “trans-synaptic signaling” (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; −log10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;) and “modulation of chemical synaptic transmission” (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; −log10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;) in both cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;People with NSSI are more inclined to adopt non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Rolandic operculum is also abnormally active. Abnormal changes in the rolandic operculum of them are associated with non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Changes in the excitatory and inhibitory neurons provide hints to explore the abnorma","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152487"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000385/pdfft?md5=1e67996ef8bc6fdb3dabb4af4584c90f&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000385-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The loneliness factor in eating disorders: Implications for psychopathology and biological signatures","authors":"Paolo Meneguzzo ,&nbsp;Samira Terlizzi ,&nbsp;Luca Maggi ,&nbsp;Patrizia Todisco","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Eating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric conditions. While the biological consequences of EDs are well established, including an increase in inflammatory biomarkers, the influence of psychological factors, such as loneliness, has only recently gained attention in research. Loneliness has been associated with more severe psychopathology in ED patients, while its association with inflammatory biomarkers has only been explored in the general population. For these reasons, we aimed to investigate any possible associations between psychological features, trauma, and inflammatory biomarkers with loneliness in people with ED.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study examined the interaction between loneliness, eating psychopathology, and biological markers in people with EDs. A group of 97 female patients with various diagnoses of ED was assessed for loneliness, general and eating psychopathology, traumatic history during childhood, and clinical biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and urinary-free cortisol (UFC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that individuals with ED who reported moderate to severe loneliness also displayed greater general psychopathology (<em>p</em> = 0.001), weight concerns (<em>p</em> = 0.007), and physical neglect during childhood (<em>p</em> = 0.006). Furthermore, people with higher levels of loneliness also had higher inflammatory indexes (ESR <em>p</em> = 0.001, CRP <em>p</em> = 0.027) and were positively correlated with markers of stress reaction such as UFC (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings underscore the importance of considering loneliness in the assessment of individuals with an ED. We observed notable associations between loneliness and increased psychopathology (both general and specific to eating), as well as higher levels of inflammation and childhood physical neglect. Addressing loneliness may contribute to improving overall well-being and potentially support recovery. This consideration encompasses both psychological and physical factors that interplay in the clinical presentation of individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 152493"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000440/pdfft?md5=d2e3331c19e080df6d9e3db01dffea78&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000440-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Aaron T. Clarke ,&nbsp;Naomi A. Fineberg ,&nbsp;Luca Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Keith R. Laws","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO databases until February 2023 for studies comparing patients with OCD and healthy controls on cognitive tests of compulsivity and impulsivity. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021299017).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Meta-analyses of 112 studies involving 8313 participants (4289 patients with OCD and 4024 healthy controls) identified significant impairments in compulsivity (<em>g</em> = −0.58, [95%CI -0.68, −0.47]; k = 76) and impulsivity (<em>g</em> = −0.48, [95%CI -0.57, −0.38]; k = 63); no significant difference between impairments. Medication use and comorbid psychiatric disorders were not significantly related to impairments. No associations were revealed with OCD severity, depression/anxiety, or illness duration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity in patients with OCD appear to be orthogonal to clinical variables, including severity of OCD symptomatology. Their clinical impact is poorly understood and may require different clinical assessment tools and interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152491"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000427/pdfft?md5=78ffbfa9c475ba4a8f717e95b88ed38a&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective and objective cognitive functioning in untreated late-life depression: An exploration centered on comorbid generalized anxiety disorder","authors":"Fugui Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Yi ,&nbsp;Arui Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Qin ,&nbsp;Peijia Wang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhong ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Jieying Li ,&nbsp;Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Late-Life Depression (LLD) is a prevalent mental health disorder that is often accompanied by cognitive impairments. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) on both subjective and objective cognitive abilities in untreated LLD individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 77 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited for this study, comprising 31 individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (LLD group), 46 with MDD and coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (LLDA group), and 54 healthy controls (HC). Prior to the study, all patients had abstained from psychotropic medication for a minimum of two weeks. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were administered to all participants.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The LLDA group exhibited substantial disparities in memory, attention, processing speed,executive function,overall cognitive functioning, and subjective cognitive functioning when compared to the HC group. The LLD group displayed deficits in memory, SCWT-W in attention, SCWT-C in processing speed,overall cognitive functioning, and subjective cognitive functioning in comparison to the healthy controls. Although the LLD group achieved lower average scores in executive function, TMTA in processing speed, and DSST in attention than the HC group, no significant distinctions were identified between these groups in these domains. Linear regression analysis unveiled that anxiety symptoms had a significant impact on subjective cognitive deficits among MDD patients, but exhibited a milder influence on objective cognitive performance. After adjusting for the severity of depression, anxiety symptoms were found to affect TMTA in processing speed and subjective cognitive functioning in LLD patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Late-Life Depression (LLD) exhibits pervasive cognitive impairments, particularly in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder, presenting a crucial target for future therapeutic interventions. Among elderly individuals with depression, anxiety symptoms significantly impact subjective cognitive functioning, suggesting its potential utility in distinguishing between depression-associated cognitive decline and pre-dementia conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152490"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000415/pdfft?md5=65a357cae00872235ade45e727415793&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000415-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the dose-response relationship between adverse childhood experiences and maladaptive metacognitive beliefs: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Dorottya Horváth,&nbsp;Beáta Kovács-Tóth,&nbsp;Barnabás Oláh,&nbsp;Zita Fekete","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Since the publication of the major research on adverse childhood experiences (ACE) at the turn of the millennium, our knowledge about the prevalence and physical and mental consequences of childhood adversities has increased substantially. In parallel, research on metacognition, which plays an important role in understanding our mental functioning, has also been on the rise. Although the adverse effects of ACEs on mental processes and the role of metacognitive deficits in the development of mental disorders are widely known, hardly any research into the interaction between these two areas has been conducted; this is what triggered our investigation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Our research was carried out as a cross-sectional study on a sample of 304 members of the general population. We measured ACEs with the 10-item Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire and maladaptive metacognitions—positive and negative metacognitive beliefs, cognitive confidence, cognitive self-consciousness, and need to control thoughts— using the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire.</p><p>The closeness of the relationship between the ACE score and metacognitions was measured using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, while the association of ACE accumulation with metacognitive beliefs was assessed using generalized linear models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most common ACE in our sample turned out to be emotional neglect (44.74%). All the examined maladaptive metacognitive beliefs correlate mildly to moderately with the number of suffered ACEs (<em>r</em> = 0.13–0.34), with an increase in the ACE score leading to a rise in the salience of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Moreover, a dose-response relationship was seen between increases in ACE scores and the overall values of metacognition, negative metacognitive beliefs, and the maladaptive metacognitive belief of the need to control thoughts.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that the more ACEs were experienced in childhood, the more pronounced the dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs are. Therefore, our findings emphasize the importance of further research into the topic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 152489"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000403/pdfft?md5=7d8a8af3864728fa7d156e78ee9d3804&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and validation study of the Indonesian version of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in an undergraduate student population","authors":"Indira Primasari ,&nbsp;Chris M. Hoeboer ,&nbsp;Anne Bakker ,&nbsp;Miranda Olff","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The high incidence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) in Indonesia warrants early identification of those with probable trauma-related disorders in order to tailor prevention and intervention for trauma-related symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aims to adapt and validate a novel brief transdiagnostic screener, the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), in Indonesian undergraduate students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An online survey was administered among Indonesian undergraduate students (<em>N</em> = 322). Exploratory factor analysis, reliability analyses, clinical validity analyses, and correlational analyses were performed to evaluate the construct validity, reliability, clinical validity, and convergent-divergent validity of the Indonesian GPS. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to assess the relationship between risk factors and trauma-related symptoms. The relationship between four categories of trauma-related symptom severity and social/work functioning was measured using Analysis of Covariance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Exploratory factor analysis yielded a single-factor solution. The Indonesian GPS demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest correlation, and absolute agreement, indicating good reliability. The Indonesian GPS also had an acceptable area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity for a probable diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Complex-PTSD (CPTSD), depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We also established evidence for the convergent and divergent validity of GPS. The GPS risk factors (low psychological resilience, other stressful events, history of mental illness, and low social support) contributed to predicting trauma-related symptoms after controlling for gender, age, employment status, and faculty background. Additionally, in comparison to participants from the mild and low categories of GPS symptoms scores, participants from the severe and moderate category reported impaired lowered social/work functioning.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The current findings indicate that the Indonesian GPS is a valid and reliable transdiagnostic trauma screener for Indonesian undergraduate students. This first comprehensive validation of the GPS in Indonesia calls for more research in Lower-middle Income Countries (LMICs) as a way towards prevention and early intervention for trauma-related symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 152485"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000361/pdfft?md5=7b7b0aa55eda17a5fd29cc15a3e95eee&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation conditions increased invigoration and wanting in depression","authors":"Magdalena Ferstl ,&nbsp;Anne Kühnel ,&nbsp;Johannes Klaus ,&nbsp;Wy Ming Lin ,&nbsp;Nils B. Kroemer","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often marked by impaired motivation and reward processing, known as anhedonia. Many patients do not respond to first-line treatments, and improvements in motivation can be slow, creating an urgent need for rapid interventions. Recently, we demonstrated that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) acutely boosts effort invigoration in healthy participants, but its effects on depression remain unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the impact of taVNS on effort invigoration and maintenance in a sample that includes patients with MDD, evaluating the generalizability of our findings.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used a single-blind, randomized crossover design in 30 patients with MDD and 29 matched (age, sex, and BMI) healthy control participants (HCP).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Consistent with prior findings, taVNS increased effort invigoration for rewards in both groups during Session 1 (<em>p</em> = .040), particularly for less wanted rewards in HCP (<em>p</em>_boot &lt; 0.001). However, invigoration remained elevated in all participants, and no acute changes were observed in Session 2 (Δinvigoration = 3.3, <em>p</em> = .12). Crucially, throughout Session 1, we found taVNS-induced increases in effort invigoration (<em>p</em>_boot = 0.008) and wanting (<em>p</em>_boot = 0.010) in patients with MDD, with gains in wanting maintained across sessions (Δwanting = 0.06, <em>p</em> = .97).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study replicates the invigorating effects of taVNS in Session 1 and reveals its generalizability to depression. Furthermore, we expand upon previous research by showing taVNS-induced conditioning effects on invigoration and wanting within Session 1 in patients that were largely sustained. While enduring motivational improvements present challenges for crossover designs, they are highly desirable in interventions and warrant further follow-up research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 152488"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000397/pdfft?md5=dab522568a8237cb70938ae6e85f5fed&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000397-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-label higher doses of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Safety and tolerability","authors":"Daniel Minkin Levy ,&nbsp;Oded Ben Arush ,&nbsp;Lior Carmi ,&nbsp;Alzbeta Juven Wetzler ,&nbsp;Joseph Zohar","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the long-term safety and tolerability of off-label high-dose serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OLHD-SRIs) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective longitudinal study was performed on 105 randomly selected outpatients diagnosed with OCD and were treated with OLHD-SRIs for at least 6 months. Patients received sertraline &gt;200 mg/day, escitalopram &gt;20 mg/day, fluvoxamine &gt;300 mg/day, and fluoxetine &gt;60 mg/day, combined with exposure and response prevention therapy. Patients were divided into three dosing groups: sertraline equivalent dose (SED) ≤ 200 mg/day (<em>n</em> = 26, 24.7%), 201–400 mg/day (<em>n</em> = 51, 48.5%) and 401–650 mg/day (<em>n</em> = 28, 26.6%). Safety and tolerability were assessed with an electrocardiogram, blood biochemistry, complete blood count, and side-effects monitoring.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SED ranged from 100 to 650 mg/day and the mean duration of OLHD-SRI treatment was 20.8 months. The most common side-effects reported were sexual dysfunction (<em>n</em> = 36, 34%), weight gain (<em>n</em> = 28, 27%), sedation (<em>n</em> = 27, 26%), hyperhidrosis (<em>n</em> = 20, 19%), and tremor (<em>n</em> = 11, 10%). Abnormal ECG was documented in one patient, and another patient experienced a first-time seizure, whereas elevated liver enzymes were seen in 4.8% of the sample (<em>n</em> = 5). None of the patients had serotonin syndrome or drug-induced liver injury. Side-effects did not differ among the three dosing groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>OLHD-SRIs appear to be safe and well tolerated in OCD patients in SED ≤ 650 mg/day doses and the side-effects did not differ between the three dosing groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152486"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000373/pdfft?md5=a86a67b93e201a4aba0b19f96f874e72&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}