Comprehensive psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Identifying internalizing transdiagnostic profiles through motivational and cognitive control systems: Relations with symptoms, functionality, and quality of life","authors":"A. Verdejo-Garcia ,&nbsp;G. Rossi ,&nbsp;N. Albein-Urios ,&nbsp;O.M. Lozano ,&nbsp;C. Diaz-Batanero","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The diversity of patients' symptomatology among people seeking treatment on community-based mental health services poses significant challenges to traditional models of care. Recent approaches favor identifying transdiagnostic factors that allow a better understanding of patient heterogeneity and designing more effective and quality interventions. This study examines the heterogeneity of patients with internalizing symptoms based on profiles identified with cognitive and motivational control variables. Differences between these profiles on dimensional measures of psychopathology and quality of life are examined.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>263 patients were selected by non-probabilistic sampling procedures on mental health services in the province of Huelva (Spain). A latent class analysis on the standardized scale scores of The Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System Scales and the Effortful Control Scale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire Short-Form was conducted. Profiles were compared on the scores of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II, the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire SF-36.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The four latent profile solution is the one that showed the best fit indicators and substantive interpretability, with a kappa of 0.94 in the cross-validation procedure with 75% of the sample. No sex differences were found between the profiles (χ₃² 5.17, <em>p</em> = .160). Profiles #1 and #3, both characterized by an imbalance between low activation and high inhibition, had lower well-being, lower functionality, and quality of life. When comparing profile #2 (featuring the highest inhibitory control) lower scores on most internalizing scales are observed, specially claustrophobia, social anxiety, panic mania. Profile #4 (low control, high activation, and high inhibition) showed greater scores on both mania and euphoria and lower scores on emotional role.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We identified four distinctive profiles that had overly increased behavioral inhibition (as expected in internalizing disorders) and differed in the degree of imbalance between inhibition and activation systems, and between motivational systems and top-down cognitive control. The profile characterized by high activation and reduced cognitive (inhibitory) control was the one showing greater mood-related symptoms and lower levels of quality of life. These profiles could be generated by treatment providers to guide clinical management in an evidence-based manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152498"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X2400049X/pdfft?md5=d6efb5f0fca3e81fed887b7bb2701e9c&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X2400049X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going beyond video game consumption when considering Internet Gaming Disorder","authors":"Sezen Cekic ,&nbsp;Benoît Bediou ,&nbsp;Sophia Achab ,&nbsp;Michael Rich ,&nbsp;C. Shawn Green ,&nbsp;Daphné Bavelier","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Recognizing the crucial importance of understanding the impact of video games on health in today's gaming-dominated world, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between gaming time and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Despite the widespread assumption that a connection exists between both, previous studies have revealed highly variable associations, highlighting significant weaknesses in establishing a robust link.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To unravel this complex relationship, we recruited two independent samples of League of Legends players. We combined the collection of self-reported and actual gameplay data, together with assessments of mental health, personality traits, and cognitive abilities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Surprisingly, none of the gaming variables demonstrated a robust and stable association with IGD, regardless of whether players spent less than or more than 30 hours per week gaming—a threshold suggested by the American Psychiatric Association as a potential indicator of disordered gaming. Notably, mental health factors, such as anxiety, depression and ADHD, emerged as the most influential predictors of IGD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings, replicated across two independent samples, challenge the prevailing belief that limiting screen time alone effectively combats IGD. Instead, mental health factors play a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with gaming. Policies focusing solely on restricting screen time are insufficient in reducing the prevalence or symptoms of IGD. Rather, a comprehensive approach that considers mental health and key personality traits must be adopted to safeguard the well-being of individuals engaged in gaming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000518/pdfft?md5=e6c4cd5242bf1b013f97c61d9a876e69&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“This is it…this is our normal” - the voices of family members and first responders experiencing duty-related trauma in Ireland","authors":"Angeline Traynor ,&nbsp;Brian Doyle ,&nbsp;Walter Eppich ,&nbsp;Anna Tjin ,&nbsp;Claire Mulhall ,&nbsp;Michelle O'Toole","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Compared to other occupational groups, first responders (FR) experience worse mental health outcomes due to duty-related trauma and occupational stressors. Despite their best efforts, they bring this stress home to friends and family. Consequently, FR and their supporters suffer from increased psychosocial difficulties and experience stigma and other barriers to help-seeking. Prior work offers little opportunity for open dialogue and shared understanding of the repercussions of this occupation for all members of the first responder community.</p><p>In this qualitative study, we aimed to: (i) explore the lived experience of Irish FR and their family members (FM) related to occupational stressors, and (ii) identify opportunities to engage FM with existing organizational supports available for FR.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach, we conducted six focus groups involving a total of fourteen participants comprising FR, organizational representatives, and FM. All focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>FR and FM shared their experiences of both joining and learning to live as members of the FR community in Ireland. Through our analysis, we identified a main theme of ‘crossing thresholds’, characterizing their transformative learning experiences. This learning experience includes recognizing the consequences of this new role for them as individuals and for their relationships. Participants also shared how they have learned to cope with the consequences of their roles and what they need to better support each other.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>FM are often unheard, hidden members of the first responder community in Ireland, highlighting an unmet need for FR organizations to acknowledge FM role in supporting FR and to provide them with the appropriate training and resources required. Training for new recruits needs to move beyond the tokenistic involvement of FM and encourage knowledge sharing among experienced and novice members. Cultural change is required to support help-seeking among FR and foster a sense of peer support and community among families.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152499"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000506/pdfft?md5=4fbdc975a151a52ea713cbf55110064c&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-specific dynamics between negative emotions and suicidal thoughts","authors":"Kevin S. Kuehn ,&nbsp;Marilyn L. Piccirillo ,&nbsp;Adam M. Kuczynski ,&nbsp;Kevin M. King ,&nbsp;Colin A. Depp ,&nbsp;Katherine T. Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Recent technology has enabled researchers to collect ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine within-person correlates of suicidal thoughts. Prior studies examined generalized temporal dynamics of emotions and suicidal thinking over brief periods, but it is not yet known how variable these processes are across people.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We use data EMA data delivered over two weeks with youth/young adults (<em>N</em> = 60) who reported past year self-injurious thoughts/behaviors. We used group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) to model group- and person-specific associations of negative emotions (i.e., fear, sadness, shame, guilt, and anger) and suicidal thoughts.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>29 participants (48.33%) reported at least one instance of a suicidal thought and were included in GIMME models. In group level models, we consistently observed autoregressive effects for suicidal thoughts (e.g., earlier thoughts predicting later thoughts), although the magnitude and direction of this link varied from person-to-person. Among emotions, sadness was most frequently associated with contemporaneous suicidal thoughts, but this was evident for less than half of the sample, while other emotional correlates of suicidal thoughts broadly differed across people. No emotion variable was linked to future suicidal thoughts in &gt;14% of the sample,</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Emotion-based correlates of suicidal thoughts are heterogeneous across people. Better understanding of the individual-level pathways maintaining suicidal thoughts/behaviors may lead to more effective, personalized interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152495"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000464/pdfft?md5=54c3dae299d0c9296ce8f33d6ee44561&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000464-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured clinical interview for diagnosing obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.","authors":"Christine Lochner ,&nbsp;Karen T. Maré ,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are several established structured diagnostic interviews that cover common mental disorders seen in general psychiatry clinics. The administration of more focused diagnostic interviews may be useful in specialty clinics, such as OCD clinics. A semi-structured clinician-administered interview for obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (SCID-OCSD) was developed and adapted for DSM-5/ICD-11 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as well as other putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To introduce a semi-structured diagnostic interview for in-depth assessment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs), and to report on its implementation in adults with primary OCD attending an OCD-specialized unit.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with primary OCD were interviewed using the SCID-OCSD. The SCID-OCSD assesses disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that share some core features of obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and that are often comorbid in OCD (e.g., obsessive-compulsive related disorders, impulse-control disorders, and a spectrum of compulsive-impulsive conditions such as tics, eating disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and behavioral addictions. Participants had to be at least moderately symptomatic on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity scale (YBOCS, i.e., a total score ≥ 14) to be included in the current study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred and one adult patients with current OCD (<em>n</em> = 101, 37 men and 64 women), took part in the study. Forty-two participants (<em>n</em> = 42) had OCD and one or more current or past comorbid OCSDs, with excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (<em>n</em> = 16) and body dysmorphic disorder (<em>n</em> = 14) being the most common. Nine (<em>n</em> = 9) participants reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury, and 6 participants reported a history of comorbid tics.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In OCD clinics, the SCID-OCSD may help diagnose the full range of putative OCSDs, and so facilitate treatment planning and research on these conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000452/pdfft?md5=aabc27579a308f387b3b176977aea501&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant salience mediates the interplay between emotional abuse and positive symptoms in schizophrenia","authors":"Renato de Filippis ,&nbsp;Matteo Aloi ,&nbsp;Marco Tullio Liuzza ,&nbsp;Valentina Pugliese ,&nbsp;Elvira Anna Carbone ,&nbsp;Marianna Rania ,&nbsp;Cristina Segura-Garcia ,&nbsp;Pasquale De Fazio","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Childhood trauma and adversities (CTA) and aberrant salience (AS) have a pivotal role in schizophrenia development, but their interplay with psychotic symptoms remains vague. We explored the mediation performed by AS between CTA and psychotic symptomatology in schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We approached 241 adults suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), who have been in the unit for at least 12 consecutive months, excluding the diagnosis of dementia, and recent substance abuse disorder, and cross-sectional evaluated through the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short-Form (CTQ-SF), and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). We tested a path-diagram where AS mediated the relationship between CTA and psychosis, after verifying each measure one-dimensionality through confirmatory factor analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The final sample comprised 222 patients (36.9% female), with a mean age of 42.4 (± 13.3) years and an average antipsychotic dose of 453.6 (± 184.2) mg/day (chlorpromazine equivalents). The mean duration of untreated psychosis was 1.8 (± 2.0) years while the mean onset age was 23.9 (± 8.2) years. Significant paths were found from emotional abuse to ASI total score (<em>β</em> = 0.39; <em>p</em> &lt; .001) and from ASI total score to PANSS positive (<em>β</em> = 0.17; <em>p</em> = .019). Finally, a statistically significant indirect association was found from emotional abuse to PANSS positive mediated by ASI total score (β = 0.06; <em>p</em> = .041; CI 95% [0.01, 0.13]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Emotional abuse has an AS-mediated effect on positive psychotic symptomatology. AS evaluation could allow a better characterization of psychosis as well as explain the presence of positive symptoms in adults with SSDs who experienced CTA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152496"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000476/pdfft?md5=30b8f941ede3fcb7abbad38fce7de81a&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanism of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in patients with non-suicidal self-injury","authors":"Author Nan Lang ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Wenkun Lei ,&nbsp;Yiwen Xiao ,&nbsp;Yaming Hang ,&nbsp;Ya Xie ,&nbsp;Zhangwei Lv ,&nbsp;Yumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Liu ,&nbsp;Minlu Liang ,&nbsp;Congjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Long ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Suhong Wang ,&nbsp;Yibin Tang ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152487","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been on the rise in recent years. Studies have shown that people with NSSI have difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive control. In addition, some studies have investigated the cognitive emotion regulation of people with NSSI which found that they have difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation, but there was a lack of research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and related neural mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study included 117 people with NSSI (age = 19.47 ± 5.13, male = 17) and 84 non-NSSI participants (age = 19.86 ± 4.14, male = 16). People with NSSI met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and non-NSSI participants had no mental or physical disorders. The study collected all participants' data of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the differences in psychological performance and brain between two groups. Afterwards, Machine learning was used to select the found differential brain regions to obtain the highest correlation regions with NSSI. Then, Allen's Human Brain Atlas database was used to compare with the information on the abnormal brain regions of people with NSSI to find the genetic information related to NSSI. In addition, gene enrichment analysis was carried out to find the related pathways and specific cells that may have differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The differences between NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants were as follows: positive refocusing (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −4.74, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); refocusing on plans (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −4.11, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); positive reappraisal (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −9.22, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); self-blame (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 6.30, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); rumination (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 3.64, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01); catastrophizing (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 9.10, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), and blaming others (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 2.52, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), the precentral gyrus (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = 6.04, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05) and the rolandic operculum (&lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt; = −4.57, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;FDR&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05). Rolandic operculum activity was negatively correlated with blaming others (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = −0.20, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Epigenetic results showed that excitatory neurons (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) and inhibitory neurons (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) were significant differences in two pathways, “trans-synaptic signaling” (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; −log10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;) and “modulation of chemical synaptic transmission” (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; −log10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;) in both cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;People with NSSI are more inclined to adopt non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Rolandic operculum is also abnormally active. Abnormal changes in the rolandic operculum of them are associated with non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Changes in the excitatory and inhibitory neurons provide hints to explore the abnorma","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152487"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000385/pdfft?md5=1e67996ef8bc6fdb3dabb4af4584c90f&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000385-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The loneliness factor in eating disorders: Implications for psychopathology and biological signatures","authors":"Paolo Meneguzzo ,&nbsp;Samira Terlizzi ,&nbsp;Luca Maggi ,&nbsp;Patrizia Todisco","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Eating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric conditions. While the biological consequences of EDs are well established, including an increase in inflammatory biomarkers, the influence of psychological factors, such as loneliness, has only recently gained attention in research. Loneliness has been associated with more severe psychopathology in ED patients, while its association with inflammatory biomarkers has only been explored in the general population. For these reasons, we aimed to investigate any possible associations between psychological features, trauma, and inflammatory biomarkers with loneliness in people with ED.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study examined the interaction between loneliness, eating psychopathology, and biological markers in people with EDs. A group of 97 female patients with various diagnoses of ED was assessed for loneliness, general and eating psychopathology, traumatic history during childhood, and clinical biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and urinary-free cortisol (UFC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that individuals with ED who reported moderate to severe loneliness also displayed greater general psychopathology (<em>p</em> = 0.001), weight concerns (<em>p</em> = 0.007), and physical neglect during childhood (<em>p</em> = 0.006). Furthermore, people with higher levels of loneliness also had higher inflammatory indexes (ESR <em>p</em> = 0.001, CRP <em>p</em> = 0.027) and were positively correlated with markers of stress reaction such as UFC (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings underscore the importance of considering loneliness in the assessment of individuals with an ED. We observed notable associations between loneliness and increased psychopathology (both general and specific to eating), as well as higher levels of inflammation and childhood physical neglect. Addressing loneliness may contribute to improving overall well-being and potentially support recovery. This consideration encompasses both psychological and physical factors that interplay in the clinical presentation of individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 152493"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000440/pdfft?md5=d2e3331c19e080df6d9e3db01dffea78&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000440-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Aaron T. Clarke ,&nbsp;Naomi A. Fineberg ,&nbsp;Luca Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Keith R. Laws","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO databases until February 2023 for studies comparing patients with OCD and healthy controls on cognitive tests of compulsivity and impulsivity. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021299017).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Meta-analyses of 112 studies involving 8313 participants (4289 patients with OCD and 4024 healthy controls) identified significant impairments in compulsivity (<em>g</em> = −0.58, [95%CI -0.68, −0.47]; k = 76) and impulsivity (<em>g</em> = −0.48, [95%CI -0.57, −0.38]; k = 63); no significant difference between impairments. Medication use and comorbid psychiatric disorders were not significantly related to impairments. No associations were revealed with OCD severity, depression/anxiety, or illness duration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity in patients with OCD appear to be orthogonal to clinical variables, including severity of OCD symptomatology. Their clinical impact is poorly understood and may require different clinical assessment tools and interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152491"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000427/pdfft?md5=78ffbfa9c475ba4a8f717e95b88ed38a&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective and objective cognitive functioning in untreated late-life depression: An exploration centered on comorbid generalized anxiety disorder","authors":"Fugui Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Yi ,&nbsp;Arui Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Qin ,&nbsp;Peijia Wang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhong ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Jieying Li ,&nbsp;Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Late-Life Depression (LLD) is a prevalent mental health disorder that is often accompanied by cognitive impairments. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) on both subjective and objective cognitive abilities in untreated LLD individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 77 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited for this study, comprising 31 individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (LLD group), 46 with MDD and coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (LLDA group), and 54 healthy controls (HC). Prior to the study, all patients had abstained from psychotropic medication for a minimum of two weeks. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were administered to all participants.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The LLDA group exhibited substantial disparities in memory, attention, processing speed,executive function,overall cognitive functioning, and subjective cognitive functioning when compared to the HC group. The LLD group displayed deficits in memory, SCWT-W in attention, SCWT-C in processing speed,overall cognitive functioning, and subjective cognitive functioning in comparison to the healthy controls. Although the LLD group achieved lower average scores in executive function, TMTA in processing speed, and DSST in attention than the HC group, no significant distinctions were identified between these groups in these domains. Linear regression analysis unveiled that anxiety symptoms had a significant impact on subjective cognitive deficits among MDD patients, but exhibited a milder influence on objective cognitive performance. After adjusting for the severity of depression, anxiety symptoms were found to affect TMTA in processing speed and subjective cognitive functioning in LLD patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Late-Life Depression (LLD) exhibits pervasive cognitive impairments, particularly in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder, presenting a crucial target for future therapeutic interventions. Among elderly individuals with depression, anxiety symptoms significantly impact subjective cognitive functioning, suggesting its potential utility in distinguishing between depression-associated cognitive decline and pre-dementia conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 152490"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000415/pdfft?md5=65a357cae00872235ade45e727415793&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000415-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}