Comprehensive psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosis of peripartum depression disorder: A state-of-the-art approach from the COST Action Riseup-PPD","authors":"Sandra Nakić Radoš ,&nbsp;Burcu Kömürcü Akik ,&nbsp;Maja Žutić ,&nbsp;Maria F. Rodriguez-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Kristiina Uriko ,&nbsp;Emma Motrico ,&nbsp;Patricia Moreno-Peral ,&nbsp;Gisèle Apter ,&nbsp;Mijke Lambregtse-van den Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Peripartum depression (PPD) is a major depression disorder (MDD) episode with onset during pregnancy or within four weeks after childbirth, as defined in DSM-5. However, research suggests that PPD may be a distinct diagnosis. The goal of this study was to summarize the similarities and differences between PPD and MDD by synthesizing the current research on PPD diagnosis concerning different clinical features and give directions for improving diagnosis of PPD in clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To lay the groundwork for this narrative review, several databases were searched using general search phrases on PPD and its components of clinical diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>When compared to MDD, peripartum depression exhibits several distinct characteristics. PPD manifests with a variety of symptoms, i.e., more anxiety, psychomotor symptoms, obsessive thoughts, impaired concentration, fatigue and loss of energy, but less sad mood and suicidal ideation, compared to MDD. Although PPD and MDD prevalence rates are comparable, there are greater cross-cultural variances for PPD. Additionally, PPD has some distinct risk factors and mechanisms such as distinct ovarian tissue expression, premenstrual syndrome, unintended pregnancy, and obstetric complications.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There is a need for more in-depth research comparing MDD with depression during pregnancy and the entire postpartum year. The diagnostic criteria should be modified, particularly with (i) addition of specific symptoms (i.e., anxiety), (ii) onset specifier extending to the first year following childbirth, (iii) and change the peripartum onset specifier to either “pregnancy onset” or “postpartum onset”. Diagnostic criteria for PPD are further discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152456"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000075/pdfft?md5=3fbd609913b4fd95f4596885c178d0d1&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress as a mediator of brain alterations in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Kristin Koppelmaa ,&nbsp;Cristine Marie Yde Ohki ,&nbsp;Natalie Monet Walter ,&nbsp;Susanne Walitza ,&nbsp;Edna Grünblatt","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Stress is a known risk factor for numerous psychopathologies, whereas evidence is lacking regarding the specific consequences of stress on the neural basis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A systematic literature review was thus conducted to clarify the role of stress in the association between the resulting alterations of brain structure, connectivity, and function in ADHD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under identifier CRD42023379809. A systematic search of the PubMed and CINAHL databases was conducted for articles published prior to December 22nd, 2022. Retrieved literature was screened in Rayyan and data extraction was performed with respect to neuroimaging, stress exposure, and ADHD outcomes. The Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool was adapted based on the Conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies of Etiology (COSMOS-E) guidance article to assess risk of bias and quality of studies. Strength of the evidence was assessed under the guidance of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Screening 25,026 non-duplicate articles yielded 20 eligible studies for inclusion. Exposure to early life trauma, institutionalization, prenatal smoking or alcohol consumption, air pollution, low socioeconomic status, or low birth weight were associated with alterations in brain structure, function, and connectivity in ADHD. However, most studies did not provide strong evidence due to small sample sizes and lack of statistical approaches to determine a direct mediation of the association between stress and ADHD by neural outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This systematic review was the first to summarize evidence of structural and functional stress-associated alterations in the brain, which were found to be directly and indirectly associated with ADHD outcomes. Overall, stress requires consideration as a significant determinant of neurodevelopmental outcomes in ADHD. However, extensive further research is warranted due to little available evidence and the difficulty of obtaining clear results. In light of such a complex research question, in order to confirm findings, provide further evidence, and establish causality systematic longitudinal studies would be required. Investigating the topic may provide invaluable information when it comes to tailoring prevention and treatment strategies in ADHD, and should be pursued in order to integrate the factor of stress into a more comprehensive understanding of ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152454"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000051/pdfft?md5=ae95df9608a0e087c7af902d2acaa195&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000051-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139558198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of unguided self-help psychological interventions for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Arpana Amarnath ,&nbsp;Clara Miguel ,&nbsp;Marketa Ciharova ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Lin ,&nbsp;Ruiying Zhao ,&nbsp;Sascha Y. Struijs ,&nbsp;Leonore M. de Wit ,&nbsp;Marieke B.J. Toffolo ,&nbsp;Pim Cuijpers","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152453","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Evidence-based psychological interventions exist for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but many individuals with OCD are unable to access them because of barriers, such as geographical isolation, treatment cost, and stigma etc. Unguided self-help psychological intervention has emerged as a potential solution to this problem. However, there is limited research on its overall effectiveness. This study aimed to address this gap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comprehensive searches from inception to 1st Jan 2023 were conducted in both international (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, International clinical trials registry platform of WHO) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WeiPu, WanFang, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) databases. The registered protocol is accessible at &lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FKB5W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;svg&gt;&lt;path&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;u&gt;.&lt;/u&gt; We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing unguided self-help psychological interventions to control groups for individuals with OCD. The primary outcome was OCD symptom severity, with Hedges' g calculated post-intervention. Heterogeneity was deemed to be low, moderate, and high if the &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; value was quantified 25%, 50%, and 75% respectively. Relative Risks (RRs) was calculated for dropout rates post-intervention. Random-effects models were used for all analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;12 RCTs comparing unguided self-help psychological interventions to control groups were identified, with a total of 20 comparisons and 769 OCD patients. Overall, unguided self-help psychological interventions demonstrated a significant moderate effect on reducing OCD symptom severity (g = −0.42; 95% CI [−0.69; −0.14]) compared to control groups, with a moderate heterogeneity (&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; = 59%; 95% CI [22.73; 78.38]). This finding remained significant in sensitivity analyses for the self-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS; k = 7, g = −0.46; 95% CI [−0.71; −0.2]) and after removing an outlier (g = −0.37; 95% CI [−0.55; −0.19]), but not for the clinician-rated Y-BOCS (k = 4, g = −0.78; 95% CI [−2.75; 1.19]) and Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (k = 6, g = −0.26; 95% CI [−0.53; 0]). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant difference in effect size between studies conducting intention-to-treat and completers-only analyses (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = .01). The completers-only analyses demonstrated a moderate significant effect (g = −0.65; 95% CI [−1.08; −0.21]), whereas the effect of the intention-to-treat analyses was not significant (g = −0.18; 95% CI [−0.36; 0]). Participants in the unguided self-help groups exhibited a significantly higher dropout rate (RR = 2.08; 95% CI [1.53; 2.81]) compared to control groups. Furthermore, participants recruited from the community had a higher likelihood of dropping out compared to those recruited from clinical settings (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; .001). Ad","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152453"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X2400004X/pdfft?md5=3ee4daaf13b72b65b02321174548db18&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X2400004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time is the enemy: Negative symptoms are related to even slight differences in the duration of untreated psychosis","authors":"Slováková Andrea ,&nbsp;Kúdelka Jan ,&nbsp;Škoch Antonín ,&nbsp;Jakob Lea ,&nbsp;Fialová Markéta ,&nbsp;Fürstová Petra ,&nbsp;Bakštein Eduard ,&nbsp;Bankovská Motlová Lucie ,&nbsp;Knytl Pavel ,&nbsp;Filip Španiel","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Negative symptoms (NS) represent a detrimental symptomatic domain in schizophrenia affecting social and occupational outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>We aimed to identify factors from the baseline visit (V1) — with a mean illness duration of 0.47 years (SD = 0.45) — that predict the magnitude of NS at the follow-up visit (V3), occurring 4.4 years later (mean +/− 0.45).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Using longitudinal data from 77 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum patients, we analysed eight predictors of NS severity at V3: (1) the age at disease onset, (2) age at V1, (3) sex, (4) diagnosis, (5) NS severity at V1, (6) the dose of antipsychotic medication at V3, (7) hospitalisation days before V1 and; (8) the duration of untreated psychosis /DUP/). Secondly, using a multiple linear regression model, we studied the longitudinal relationship between such identified predictors and NS severity at V3 using a multiple linear regression model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>DUP (Pearson's <em>r</em> = 0.37, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and NS severity at V1 (Pearson's <em>r</em> = 0.49, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) survived correction for multiple comparisons. The logarithmic-like relationship between DUP and NS was responsible for the initial stunning incremental contribution of DUP to the severity of NS. For DUP &lt; 6 months, with the sharpest DUP/NS correlation, prolonging DUP by five days resulted in a measurable one-point increase in the 6-item negative symptoms PANSS domain assessed 4.9 (+/− 0.6) years after the illness onset. Prolongation of DUP to 14.7 days doubled this NS gain, whereas 39 days longer DUP tripled NS increase.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest the petrification of NS during the early stages of the schizophrenia spectrum and a crucial dependence of this symptom domain on DUP. These findings are clinically significant and highlight the need for primary preventive actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152450"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000014/pdfft?md5=22db4978ed9afef7d95a425cccd8d62d&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the relationship between social anxiety, loneliness, motivations, and problematic smartphone use: A network approach","authors":"Xinqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xi Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Previous studies suggested social anxiety as an essential risk factor for problematic smartphone use, but the complex interactions and the most influential components affecting this relationship remain unclear. This study capitalizes on network analysis to identify the central factors and possible mediating paths among social anxiety, loneliness, five types of motivation, and problematic smartphone use.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Employing 549 emerging adults, we obtained a stable network of the above variables. The central components and the stability of this network were also identified.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within this network, the edge linking withdrawal behavior and use of application (APP) exhibits the most robust edge intensity. The central components include social comfort, use of APP, withdrawal behavior, and companionship while the bridge central nodes include social anxiety and escapism motivation. The direct link between social anxiety and PSU revealed only fragile edges with both withdrawal behavior and use of APP. Considering the possible mediating pathways, three pathways were observed in our network. Loneliness and escapism mediated the relationship between social anxiety and social comfort. Moreover, another mediating way was from social anxiety, loneliness, social interaction motivation, and escapism motivation to social comfort.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Based on the above identification of related components and pathways, future researchers could intervene against problematic smartphone usage in this socially anxious population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152451"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000026/pdfft?md5=9b93e42033fc6f85b9a4cc3bee691978&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the interplay between internet use disorder tendencies and well-being in relation to sofalizing during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Christian Montag ,&nbsp;Halley M. Pontes ,&nbsp;Christopher Kannen ,&nbsp;Dmitri Rozgonjuk ,&nbsp;Dominique Brandt ,&nbsp;Anja Bischof ,&nbsp;Harriet Salbach ,&nbsp;Thomas Mößle ,&nbsp;Klaus Wölfling ,&nbsp;Hans-Jürgen Rumpf","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The present study investigated the potential links between Internet Use Disorder tendencies, well-being and the impact of COVID-19 on Internet usage patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A sample of 2498 participants filled out the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; the cognitive facet of well-being) and the Sofalizing Scale which comprises the Online Displacement and Social Compensation dimensions. Participants were also asked to report the extent to which changes in Internet use occurred due to COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., reductions, no changes, increases). The present study comprised a survey study with cross-sectional character.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The statistical analyses demonstrated that the aforementioned variables were robustly associated with each other. In a first mediation model, the association between higher levels of Internet Use Disorder and reduced well-being was partially mediated by the two dimensions of the Sofalizing scale called Online Displacement and Social Compensation. The results of the second mediation model showed that the relationship between changes in Internet use due to COVID-19 pandemic and well-being was fully mediated by CIUS scores, suggesting that increased Internet use due to the COVID-19 pandemic increased levels of Internet Use Disorder tendencies, which in turn decreased levels of well-being.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The findings are discussed in the context of human social needs in a time of crisis, where meeting people in-person was restricted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000038/pdfft?md5=c52f09781f0e002c1df01a5d45f5607f&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulsivity across psychiatric disorders in young adults","authors":"Zharia C. Crisp ,&nbsp;Jon E. Grant","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the <em>DSM-5</em> Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, ADHD, and addictive disorders. We hypothesized that a wide range of psychiatric disorders would be associated with elevated impulsivity, not just those commonly linked to impulsiveness. This study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and various psychiatric disorders in young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Procedures</h3><p>700 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18–29 years) were enrolled from the general community, provided demographic information, and underwent a psychiatric evaluation to screen for various psychiatric disorders. Each participant then completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure of impulsivity, followed by the Stop Signal Task (SST), a computerized stop-attention task that measures impulse control. Impulsivity levels across psychiatric disorders were examined by analyzing z-scores relative to controls.</p></div><div><h3>Main findings</h3><p>Patients with bulimia nervosa, comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, and borderline personality disorder showed the highest levels of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, respectively. The effect size of the difference in total BIS impulsivity was large (d &gt; 0.8) for several conditions including eating, personality, addictive, and mood disorders. The effect size of the difference in impulsivity was not large for any of the measures of ADHD. As compared to other psychiatric disorders analyzed, trichotillomania showed the greatest levels of impulsivity as measured by SST.</p></div><div><h3>Principal conclusions</h3><p>This data indicates that a wide range of psychiatric disorders exhibit heightened impulsivity with findings differing across various cognitive domains. Comorbidity resulted in unique findings of elevated impulsivity. This may suggest utility in viewing impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Future studies should analyze comorbidities and whether patient psychiatric medication impacts these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 152449"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X2300086X/pdfft?md5=0aa08772aa3716e9c7f7a91f31ddd446&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X2300086X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine users","authors":"Chenxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Hao ,&nbsp;Wai Kwong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic ketamine use has been associated with cognitive impairments, while depressive symptoms are commonly observed in individuals using ketamine. However, the influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine users remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive function in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of chronic ketamine users. Participants underwent comprehensive cognitive assessments, including measures of attention, executive function, working memory, verbal and visual memory. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Multivariate analyses were utilized to compare the cognitive performance of individuals who use ketamine, both with and without depressive symptoms, as well as a control group, while controlling for relevant covariates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed a significant negative impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairments, particularly in the domains of memory and executive function, among chronic ketamine users. The analysis of partial correlations revealed that among individuals who use ketamine and have depressive symptoms, those with higher levels of depressive symptoms demonstrated poorer cognitive performance compared to individuals with lower levels of depressive symptoms, controlling for potential confounding factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings suggest that depressive symptoms contribute to cognitive impairments, specifically in memory and executive function, in chronic ketamine users. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate depressive symptoms when considering cognitive enhancement treatment for this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 152448"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X23000858/pdfft?md5=40ad179c0af914a8533f011f96ea976b&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X23000858-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional connectivity and cognitive performance in aging adults with cognitive decline: A data-driven multivariate pattern analysis","authors":"Hesun Erin Kim ,&nbsp;Jae-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Jeong-Ho Seok ,&nbsp;Jin Young Park ,&nbsp;Jooyoung Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cognitive impairments occur on a continuous spectrum in multiple cognitive domains showing individual variability of the deteriorating patterns; however, often, cognitive domains are studied separately.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The present study investigated aging individual variations of cognitive abilities and related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using data-driven approach. Cognitive and neuroimaging data were obtained from 62 elderly outpatients with cognitive decline. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the cognitive data to determine patterns of cognitive performance, then data-driven whole-brain connectome multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was applied on the neuroimaging data to discover neural regions associated with the cognitive characteristic.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The first component (PC1) delineated an overall decline in all domains of cognition, and the second component (PC2) represented a compensatory relationship within basic cognitive functions. MVPA indicated rsFC of the cerebellum lobule VIII and insula with the default-mode network, frontoparietal network, and salience network inversely correlated with PC1 scores. Additionally, PC2 score was related to rsFC patterns with temporal pole and occipital cortex.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The featured primary cognitive characteristic depicted the importance of the cerebellum and insula connectivity patterns in of the general cognitive decline. The findings also discovered a secondary characteristic that communicated impaired interactions within the basic cognitive function, which was independent from the impairment severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 152445"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X23000822/pdfft?md5=fb6be91a3903675bc1baa9cc2d76a2aa&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X23000822-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized virtual reality exposure for panic disorder and agoraphobia: A preliminary neurophysiological study","authors":"Han Wool Jung ,&nbsp;Ki Won Jang ,&nbsp;Sangkyu Nam ,&nbsp;Mu Eob Ahn ,&nbsp;Sang-Kyu Lee ,&nbsp;Yeo Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Jae-Kyoung Shin ,&nbsp;Ju Hyun Park ,&nbsp;Daeyoung Roh","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Personalization is considered an important principle in virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy. We aimed to identify whether personalized VR exposure could provoke increased anxiety in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia as it is considered the first step in successful treatment for anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a double-arm, one-day preliminary study among 28 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. Three sessions of VR exposure, including a theater, train, and elevator scenario, were conducted in two groups. In the personalized group (<em>n</em> = 14), the brightness and crowd density were customized based on a pre-assessment. In the control group (<em>n</em> = 14), these conditions were fully randomized. Self-reported anxiety, heart rate, skin conductance, and electroencephalography were measured before, during, and after the VR sessions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the later VR sessions, higher self-reported anxiety levels measured by the Visual Analogue Scale were observed in the personalized exposure group. Increased heart rates during and after the VR sessions were observed in the personalized group. The changes in skin conductance peaks were not significantly different between the groups, but the increase in skin conductance was associated with the participants' perception of presence. The electroencephalogram showed widespread increases in alpha waves in the frontal and temporal areas of the brain in the personalized group than in the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Personalized VR exposure elicits stronger anxiogenic effects in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia as suggested by self-report and neurophysiological data. Personalization of VR exposure has the potential for effective behavioral therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 152447"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X23000846/pdfft?md5=dbcfffa947bd67b9bd6a00d5703f3bf6&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X23000846-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138743317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}