Communications Physics最新文献_第7页

Entanglement-assisted variational algorithm for discrete optimization problems. 离散优化问题的纠缠辅助变分算法。

IF 5.8 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02338-0

Lorenzo Fioroni, Vincenzo Savona

{"title":"Entanglement-assisted variational algorithm for discrete optimization problems.","authors":"Lorenzo Fioroni, Vincenzo Savona","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02338-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02338-0","url":null,"abstract":"From fundamental sciences to economics and industry, discrete optimization problems are ubiquitous. Yet, their complexity often renders exact solutions intractable, necessitating the use of approximate methods. Heuristics inspired by classical physics have long played a central role in this domain. More recently, quantum annealing has emerged as a promising alternative, with hardware implementations realized on both analog and digital quantum devices. Here, we develop a heuristic inspired by quantum annealing, using Generalized Coherent States as a parameterized variational Ansatz to represent the quantum state. This framework allows for the analytical computation of energy and gradients with low-degree polynomial complexity, enabling the study of large problems with thousands of spins. Concurrently, these states capture non-trivial entanglement, crucial for the effectiveness of quantum annealing. We benchmark the heuristic on the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model and compare the solution quality and runtime of our method to other popular heuristics. Our findings suggest that it offers a scalable way to leverage quantum effects for complex optimization problems, with the potential to complement or improve upon conventional alternatives in large-scale applications.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12626881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Network dismantling by physical damage. 网络因物理损坏而解体。

IF 5.8 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02228-5

Luka Blagojević, Ivan Bonamassa, Márton Pósfai

引用次数: 0

Controlling colloidal flow through a microfluidic Y-junction. 通过微流体y型结控制胶体流动。

IF 5.4 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02094-1

Alexander P Antonov, Matthew Terkel, Fabian Jan Schwarzendahl, Carolina Rodríguez-Gallo, Pietro Tierno, Hartmut Löwen

{"title":"Controlling colloidal flow through a microfluidic Y-junction.","authors":"Alexander P Antonov, Matthew Terkel, Fabian Jan Schwarzendahl, Carolina Rodríguez-Gallo, Pietro Tierno, Hartmut Löwen","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02094-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02094-1","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic particles flowing through narrow channels may accumulate near bifurcation points provoking flow reduction, clogging and ultimately chip breakage in a microfluidic device. Here we show that the full flow behavior of colloidal particles through a microfluidic Y-junction can be controlled by tuning the pair interactions and the degree of confinement. By combining experiments with numerical simulations, we investigate the dynamic states emerging when magnetizable colloids flow through a symmetric Y-junction such that a single particle can pass through both gates with the same probability. We show that clogging, induced by the inevitable presence of a stagnation point, can be avoided by repulsive interactions. Moreover we tune the pair interactions to steer branching into the two channels: attractive particles are flowing through the same gate, while repulsive colloids alternate between the two gates. Even details of the particle assembly such as buckling at the exit gate are tunable by the interactions and the channel geometry.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relative subsystems and quantum reference frame transformations. 相对子系统和量子参照系变换。

IF 5.4 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02036-x

Esteban Castro-Ruiz, Ognyan Oreshkov

引用次数: 0

Neural heterogeneity enables adaptive encoding of time sequences. 神经异质性使时间序列的自适应编码成为可能。

IF 5.8 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02408-3

Raphaël Lafond-Mercier, Leonard Maler, Avner Wallach, André Longtin

{"title":"Neural heterogeneity enables adaptive encoding of time sequences.","authors":"Raphaël Lafond-Mercier, Leonard Maler, Avner Wallach, André Longtin","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02408-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02408-3","url":null,"abstract":"The timing mechanisms in biological systems operate across a vast range of scales, from microsecond precision for sound localization to annual cycles. A key open question concerns the mechanisms for encoding intermediate time intervals-hundreds of milliseconds to minutes-that are essential for navigation, communication, memory, and prediction. Here we present a theoretical framework that explains how neurons can represent such intervals using a common biophysical property: neural fatigue, where activity diminishes during sustained stimulation. Our Bayesian framework combines parametrically heterogeneous stochastic dynamical modeling with interval priors to predict available timing information independent of the actual decoding mechanism. We find that a trade-off emerges between accurately representing the most recent interval and retaining information about previous ones. We show that cellular diversity is not just tolerated but required to encode sequences of time intervals. Our work highlights the computational role of biological heterogeneity in shaping memory for time, with implications for understanding temporal processing in neural circuits.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlling noise with self-organized resetting. 用自组织复位控制噪声。

IF 5.4 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-01985-7

Felix J Meigel, Steffen Rulands

{"title":"Controlling noise with self-organized resetting.","authors":"Felix J Meigel, Steffen Rulands","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-01985-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-01985-7","url":null,"abstract":"Biological systems often consist of a small number of constituents and are therefore inherently noisy. To function effectively, these systems must employ mechanisms to constrain the accumulation of noise. Such mechanisms have been extensively studied and comprise the constraint by external forces, nonlinear interactions, or the resetting of the system to a predefined state. Here, we propose a fourth paradigm for noise constraint: self-organized resetting, where the resetting rate and position emerge from self-organization through time-discrete interactions. We study general properties of self-organized resetting systems using the paradigmatic example of cooperative resetting, where random pairs of Brownian particles are reset to their respective average. We demonstrate that such systems undergo a delocalization phase transition, separating regimes of constrained and unconstrained noise accumulation. Additionally, we show that systems with self-organized resetting can adapt to external forces and optimize search behavior for reaching target values. Self-organized resetting has various applications in nature and technology, which we demonstrate in the context of sexual interactions in fungi and spatial dispersion in shared mobility services. This work opens routes into the application of self-organized resetting across various systems in biology and technology.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11813803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-purity and stable single-photon emission in bilayer WSe₂ via phonon-assisted excitation. 双分子层WSe2声子辅助激发的高纯度稳定单光子发射。

IF 5.4 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02080-7

Claudia Piccinini, Athanasios Paralikis, José Ferreira Neto, Abdulmalik A Madigawa, Paweł Wyborski, Vikas Remesh, Luca Vannucci, Niels Gregersen, Battulga Munkhbat

{"title":"High-purity and stable single-photon emission in bilayer WSe2 via phonon-assisted excitation.","authors":"Claudia Piccinini, Athanasios Paralikis, José Ferreira Neto, Abdulmalik A Madigawa, Paweł Wyborski, Vikas Remesh, Luca Vannucci, Niels Gregersen, Battulga Munkhbat","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02080-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02080-7","url":null,"abstract":"The excitation scheme is essential for single-photon sources, as it governs exciton preparation, decay dynamics, and the spectral diffusion of emitted photons. While phonon-assisted excitation has shown promise in other quantum emitter platforms, its proper implementation and systematic comparison with alternative excitation schemes have not yet been demonstrated in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) quantum emitters. Here, we investigate the impact of various optical excitation strategies on the single-photon emission properties of bilayer WSe2 quantum emitters. Based on our theoretical predictions for the exciton preparation fidelity, we compare the excitation via the longitudinal acoustic and breathing phonon modes to conventional above-band and near-resonance excitations. Under acoustic phonon-assisted excitation, we achieve narrow single-photon emission with a reduced spectral diffusion of 0.0129 nm, a 1.8-fold improvement over above-band excitation. Additionally, excitation through breathing-phonon mode yields a high purity of 0.947 ± 0.079 and reduces the decay time by over an order of magnitude, reaching (1.33 ± 0.04) ns. Our comprehensive study demonstrates the crucial role of phonon-assisted excitation in optimizing the performance of WSe2-based quantum emitters, providing valuable insights for the development of single-photon sources for quantum photonics applications.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Typical thermalization of low-entanglement states. 典型的低纠缠态热化。

IF 5.4 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02161-7

Christian Bertoni, Clara Wassner, Giacomo Guarnieri, Jens Eisert

{"title":"Typical thermalization of low-entanglement states.","authors":"Christian Bertoni, Clara Wassner, Giacomo Guarnieri, Jens Eisert","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02161-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02161-7","url":null,"abstract":"Proving thermalization from the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems is one of the oldest questions that is still only partially resolved. Efforts led to various versions of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which implies thermalization under certain conditions. Whether the ETH holds in specific systems is however difficult to verify from the microscopic description of the system. In this work, we focus on thermalization under local Hamiltonians of low-entanglement initial states, which are operationally accessible in many natural physical settings, including schemes for testing thermalization in experiments and quantum simulators. We prove thermalization of these states under precise conditions that have operational significance. More specifically, motivated by arguments of unavoidable finite resolution, we define a random energy smoothing on local Hamiltonians that leads to local thermalization when the initial state has low entanglement. Finally we show that this transformation affects neither the Gibbs state locally nor, under generic smoothness conditions on the spectrum, the short-time dynamics.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravel the rotational and translational behavior of a single squirmer in flexible polymer solutions at different Reynolds numbers. 揭示在不同雷诺数下柔性聚合物溶液中单个扭体的旋转和平动行为。

IF 5.8 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02391-9

Kai Qi, Yuan Zhou, Marco De Corato, Kevin Stratford, Ignacio Pagonabarraga

{"title":"Unravel the rotational and translational behavior of a single squirmer in flexible polymer solutions at different Reynolds numbers.","authors":"Kai Qi, Yuan Zhou, Marco De Corato, Kevin Stratford, Ignacio Pagonabarraga","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02391-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02391-9","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms such as bacteria and algae navigate complex fluids, where their dynamics are vital for medical and industrial applications. However, the influence of the Reynolds number (Re) on the transport and rotational behavior of microswimmers in viscoelastic media remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate these effects for a model squirmer in flexible polymer solutions across a range of Re using Lattice Boltzmann simulations. The interaction between swimmer activity and polymer heterogeneity strongly affects behavior, with rotational enhancement up to 1400-fold and reduced self-propulsion and diffusivity for squirmers. These effects result from hydrodynamic and mechanical interactions: polymers wrap ahead of pushers and accumulate behind pullers, enhancing rotation while hindering translation through forces and torques from direct contacts or asymmetric flows. The influence of Re and squirmer-polymer boundary conditions (no-slip vs. repulsive) is also examined. Notably, no-slip conditions intensify effects above a critical Reynolds number ( <math> <msub><mrow><mi>Re</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.2</mn></math> ). Below this value, stronger viscous drag minimizes differences. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of polymer-swimmer interactions in shaping microswimmer behavior in viscoelastic media, informing microrobotic design in complex environments.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissipation-induced non-equilibrium phases with temporal and spatial order. 耗散诱导非平衡相的时空顺序。

IF 5.5 1区物理与天体物理

Communications Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02113-1

Zhao Zhang, Davide Dreon, Tilman Esslinger, Dieter Jaksch, Berislav Buca, Tobias Donner

{"title":"Dissipation-induced non-equilibrium phases with temporal and spatial order.","authors":"Zhao Zhang, Davide Dreon, Tilman Esslinger, Dieter Jaksch, Berislav Buca, Tobias Donner","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02113-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02113-1","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding spatial and temporal order in many-body systems is a key challenge, particularly in out-of-equilibrium settings. A major hurdle is developing controlled model systems to study these phases. We propose an experiment with a driven quantum gas coupled to a dissipative optical cavity, realizing a non-equilibrium phase diagram featuring both spatial and temporal order. The system's control parameter is the detuning between the drive frequency and cavity resonance. Negative detunings yield a spatially ordered phase, while positive detunings produce phases with both spatial order and persistent oscillations, forming dissipative spatio-temporal lattices. We also identify a phase where the dynamics dephase, leading to chaotic behavior. Numerical and analytical evidence supports these superradiant phases, showing that the spatio-temporal lattice originates from cavity dissipation. The atoms experience accelerated transport, either via uniform acceleration or abrupt momentum transitions. Our work provides insights into temporal phases of matter not possible at equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0