Jana Gessner, Jan-Ole Schulz, Christiane A Melzig, C. Benke
{"title":"Role of interoceptive fear and maladaptive attention and behaviors in the escalation of psychopathology - a network analysis.","authors":"Jana Gessner, Jan-Ole Schulz, Christiane A Melzig, C. Benke","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2336036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2024.2336036","url":null,"abstract":"The complex interplay of fear, attention, and behavior toward bodily sensations with psychopathological symptoms and how they mutually influence and potentially reinforce one another remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we used a network analytical approach to unravel these complex interactions. Specifically, we aimed to identify central symptoms and etiologically relevant factors that might be associated with anxiety and depressive core symptoms. To this end, the following clusters were assessed in 791 adults: interoceptive fear, interoceptive attention, maladaptive behaviors related to bodily sensations, and core symptoms of anxiety and depression. This network was modeled using a Gaussian Graphical Model. Central variables (nodes) were identified using centrality indices and bridge analysis. Self-examination and attention to bodily sensations emerged as central nodes. Moreover, time spent paying attention to bodily sensations, fear of anxiety-related sensations, and self-examination were identified as central bridge nodes, that is, central nodes connecting psychopathologically relevant symptom clusters. The present study indicates that fear of bodily sensations, the amount of attention and time spent focusing on somatic sensations, and self-examination are central factors. The findings suggest potential targets for future longitudinal studies on the impact of these factors for the escalation of anxiety and depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Kibbey, Angelo M DiBello, Erick J Fedorenko, Samantha G Farris
{"title":"Testing a brief, self-guided values affirmation for behavioral activation intervention during COVID-19.","authors":"M. M. Kibbey, Angelo M DiBello, Erick J Fedorenko, Samantha G Farris","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2339315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2024.2339315","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot study tested a single-session digital values affirmation for behavioral activation (VABA) intervention. Hypotheses predicted the VABA intervention would be more effective than an active control condition in improving mood, decreasing COVID-19 fear/worry and depressive symptoms, and promoting positively reinforcing behaviors during early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were a diverse sample of undergraduate students (N = 296) under a state-wide lockdown. Students were randomized to either VABA, a 10-min values clarification and affirmation task, or Control, a time- and attention-matched task. Positive and negative affects were assessed pre- and post-intervention. At next-day follow-up, positive and negative affects were reassessed, as well as past 24-h behavioral activation and depressive symptoms. Within-group increases in positive affect were observed in both conditions (VABA d = 0.39; Control d = 0.19). However, VABA produced a significantly larger increase than Control (F[2] = 3.856, p = .022, d = 0.22). At 24-h follow-up, behavioral activation, which was significantly higher in VABA versus Control (t[294] = -5.584, p < .001, d = 0.65), predicted fewer depressive symptoms (R2 change = .019, β = -.134, p = .003). VABA is an ultra-brief intervention that appears to have acute effects on mood-enhancement and behavioral activation.","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin G Saulnier, Brandon Koscinski, Sierra Flynt, Catherine Accorso, Nicholas P Allan
{"title":"Brief observable anxiety sensitivity treatment: intervention development and a pilot randomized-controlled acceptability and feasibility trial to evaluate a brief intervention for anxiety sensitivity social concerns.","authors":"Kevin G Saulnier, Brandon Koscinski, Sierra Flynt, Catherine Accorso, Nicholas P Allan","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2288551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2288551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social anxiety disorder is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders. There is a need to develop brief, virtual, single-session interventions targeting constructs associated with social anxiety, such as anxiety sensitivity social concerns (ASSC). ASSC is the maladaptive belief about consequences arising from observable symptoms of anxious arousal. This study was designed to evaluate the initial acceptability and feasibility of a brief ASSC reduction program (Brief Observable Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment [BOAST]) which included a single clinician-led intervention session followed by a two-week ecological momentary intervention (EMI), delivered via mobile app. Participants (<i>N</i> = 36) were adults with elevated ASSC who were randomly assigned to receive BOAST (<i>n</i> = 19) or a waitlist control (<i>n</i> = 17). The trial was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04859790). Results supported the acceptability of BOAST with mixed findings for feasibility. Feasibility metrics for the EMI component were below pre-defined thresholds; however, there was evidence that homework completion was associated with symptom reduction. Preliminary efficacy metrics indicated that participants in the BOAST condition had large reductions in ASSC and one measure of social anxiety at 1-month follow-up. This study provides preliminary support for the acceptability of BOAST and elucidates avenues for future clinical and research efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandr Karnick, Nicole M Caulfield, Morgan Buerke, Ian Stanley, Daniel Capron, Anka Vujanovic
{"title":"Clinical and psychological implications of post-traumatic stress in firefighters: a moderated network study.","authors":"Aleksandr Karnick, Nicole M Caulfield, Morgan Buerke, Ian Stanley, Daniel Capron, Anka Vujanovic","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2282374","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2282374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firefighters are frequently exposed to trauma and may experience a unique symptom presentation of post-traumatic stress. Prior research has identified stronger associations between certain post-traumatic stress symptoms (e.g. detachment, intrusions, physiological reactivity) using network analysis. However, little is known about the effects of symptom severity and emergency work-related trauma on symptom networks. The present study probed the network structure of post-traumatic stress symptoms in trauma-exposed firefighters (<i>N</i> = 871) to model the dynamic interactions of psychological symptoms. We developed a network of post-traumatic stress symptoms and a network of post-traumatic stress with clinical covariates and used moderated network modelling to assess the effects of having PTSD and experiencing work-related trauma on the networks. We identified high edge correlations between several nodes (e.g. startle/hypervigilance, internal/external cue avoidance, detachment/lack of interest) and high centrality of detachment, external cue avoidance, and flashbacks. Additionally, having PTSD moderated positive network associations between risk-taking and suicidality and between distorted blame and post-traumatic cognitions. Work-related trauma moderated negative associations between appetite gain and loss and appetite loss and suicidality. Findings suggest that targeting specific symptoms of detachment, external cue avoidance, and flashbacks could allow for the development of effective trauma-informed interventions for these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92153046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three types of university students with subthreshold depression characterized by distinctive cognitive behavioral skills.","authors":"Nao Shiraishi, Masatsugu Sakata, Rie Toyomoto, Kazufumi Yoshida, Yan Luo, Yukako Nakagami, Aran Tajika, Hidemichi Suga, Hiroshi Ito, Michihisa Sumi, Takashi Muto, Hiroshi Ichikawa, Masaya Ikegawa, Takafumi Watanabe, Ethan Sahker, Teruhisa Uwatoko, Hisashi Noma, Masaru Horikoshi, Taku Iwami, Toshi A Furukawa","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2288557","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2288557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subthreshold depression impairs young people's quality of life and places them at greater risk of developing major depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach for addressing such depressive states. This study identified subtypes of university students with subthreshold depression and revealed discrete profiles of five CBT skills: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, assertive communication, and problem solving. Using data from the Healthy Campus Trial (registration number: UMINCTR-000031307), a hierarchical clustering analysis categorized 1,080 students into three clusters: Reflective Low-skilled, Non-reflective High-skilled, and Non-reflective Low-skilled students. Non-reflective Low-skilled students were significantly more depressed than other students (<i>p</i> < .001). The severity of depression seemed to be related to the combination of self-monitoring skills and other CBT skills. Considering the high prevalence of poor self-monitoring skills in persons with autism, the most severe depression was observed in the significant association between Non-reflective Low-skilled students and autistic traits (<i>p</i> = .008). These findings suggest that subthreshold depression can be categorized into three subtypes based on CBT skill profiles. The assessment of autistic traits is also suggested when we provide CBT interventions for Non-reflective Low-skilled students.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Espen R Lassen, Susanne Aabel Lia, Ingrid Hjertaas, Odin Hjemdal, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Roger Hagen, Stian Solem
{"title":"Patient motivation and adherence in metacognitive therapy for major depressive disorder: an observational study.","authors":"Espen R Lassen, Susanne Aabel Lia, Ingrid Hjertaas, Odin Hjemdal, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Roger Hagen, Stian Solem","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2289863","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2289863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this observational study was to examine the predictive and discriminant validity of patient motivation and adherence in metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression. Motivational development for recovered- and non-recovered patients was also investigated. Motivation in sessions 1, 4, and 7 was measured using the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code 2.5 (MISC) in a 10-session trial of MCT for depression (<i>N =</i> 37). Adherence was assessed with the CBT compliance measure in session 7. The Beck Depression Inventory measured treatment outcome at 3-year follow-up. Recovered patients developed significantly more <i>change talk</i> and <i>taking steps</i>, and less <i>sustain talk</i>, as therapy progressed, compared to non-recovered patients. Evidence of the predictive validity of motivation in sessions 1 and 4 was limited. Higher <i>sustain talk</i> and <i>taking steps</i> in session 7 were significant predictors of more and less depressive symptoms, respectively. There was a moderate-strong correlation between motivation and adherence. The results confirm the predictive value of MISC in sessions 7 of MCT for depression, and establish differential motivational development between recovered and non-recovered patients. Subsequent research should clarify the discriminant validity and temporal relationships between motivation, adherence, and other clinical variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138476989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Callaghan, Danyelle Greene, Roz Shafran, Jessica Lunn, Sarah J Egan
{"title":"The relationships between perfectionism and symptoms of depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Thomas Callaghan, Danyelle Greene, Roz Shafran, Jessica Lunn, Sarah J Egan","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2277121","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2277121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process associated with depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The focus of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine evidence for the association between perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns with symptoms of depression, general anxiety, social anxiety, task anxiety, and OCD in adults. A total of 416 studies were included, with 113,118 participants aged 17 to 90 years (<i>M</i> = 23.83). Perfectionistic concerns had significant medium correlations with anxiety, OCD and depressive symptoms (pooled <i>r</i> = .38 to .43). Perfectionistic strivings had significant, small correlations with OCD, depression and all anxiety outcomes (pooled <i>r</i> = .10 to .21), except social anxiety where there was no association. Results demonstrate perfectionistic concerns have a stronger relationship with psychological distress than perfectionistic strivings, but strivings are significantly related to distress. Future research should examine the causal relationships between perfectionism dimensions and psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89717236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bethany M Wootton, Sarah McDonald, Maral Melkonian, Eyal Karin, Nickolai Titov, Blake F Dear
{"title":"Efficacy and acceptability of a self-guided internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral educational program for obsessive-compulsive symptoms with international recruitment.","authors":"Bethany M Wootton, Sarah McDonald, Maral Melkonian, Eyal Karin, Nickolai Titov, Blake F Dear","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2279492","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2279492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive-behavioural therapy is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, there are many barriers in accessing this treatment, with stigma being a particularly prominent barrier for many patients. Self-guided internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT), which does not require any contact with a therapist, has the potential to overcome this barrier. However, there is limited research on the efficacy of self-guided ICBT for OCD. The aim of the current study was to examine the efficacy of self-guided ICBT for OCD in a large international sample. Two hundred and sixteen participants were included in the study (<i>M</i>age = 34.00; SD = 12.57; 72.7% female). On the primary outcome measure, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), a medium within-group effect size was found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (<i>g</i> = 0.63), and a large within-group effect size was found from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (<i>g</i> = 0.98). Approximately one-quarter to one-third of participants met criteria for clinically significant improvement at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up (11% and 17% met criteria for remission at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, respectively). These results demonstrate that self-guided ICBT may be an efficacious treatment for individuals with OCD who cannot or do not wish to engage with a mental health professional, resulting in medium to large effect sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71520698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smiti Kahlon, Rolf Gjestad, Philip Lindner, Tine Nordgreen
{"title":"Perfectionism as a predictor of change in digital self-guided interventions for public speaking anxiety in adolescents: A secondary analysis of a four-armed randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Smiti Kahlon, Rolf Gjestad, Philip Lindner, Tine Nordgreen","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2281243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2281243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) interventions targeting adolescents exist; however, not all gain improvement. This exploratory study investigated whether PSA interventions resulted in a decrease in perfectionism and whether pre-treatment level and changes in perfectionism moderated the effects on PSA and social anxiety. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents from junior high schools randomized to four groups: 1) VR only (<i>n</i> = 20), 2) VR + online exposure program (<i>n</i> = 20), 3) online psychoeducation and online exposure program (<i>n</i> = 40), 4) waitlist and online psychoeducation program (<i>n</i> = 20). Self-reported symptoms of PSA, social anxiety, and perfectionism were measured at pre, week 3, post, and 3-months follow-up. Level and change in outcome variables were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling. Results revealed that the interventions did not lead to a reduction in perfectionism. Reduction in perfectionism was associated with a larger reduction in all outcome measures from post to follow-up. No interaction was found between pre-treatment perfectionism and PSA symptoms. High pre-treatment levels of perfectionism were associated with poorer outcomes on social anxiety symptoms from post to follow-up for online exposure groups. The results indicate that one should assess and address high pre-treatment levels of perfectionism during PSA interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138290552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Rozental, Gerhard Andersson, Per Carlbring, Tobias Lundgren, Johanna Morén
{"title":"Jonas Ramnerö: in memoriam.","authors":"Alexander Rozental, Gerhard Andersson, Per Carlbring, Tobias Lundgren, Johanna Morén","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2281869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2023.2281869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89717235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}