Sarah J Egan, Danyelle Greene, Thomas Callaghan, Shravan Raghav, Julia Funk, Theresa Badenbach, Samuel Talam, Georgia Kemp, Peter McEvoy, Thomas Ehring, Johannes Kopf-Beck
{"title":"Worry and rumination as a transdiagnostic target in young people: a co-produced systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sarah J Egan, Danyelle Greene, Thomas Callaghan, Shravan Raghav, Julia Funk, Theresa Badenbach, Samuel Talam, Georgia Kemp, Peter McEvoy, Thomas Ehring, Johannes Kopf-Beck","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2369936","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2369936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Protocol registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42023408899).</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"17-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the Violation Appraisal Measure (VAM).","authors":"Sandra Krause, Adam S Radomsky","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2395823","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2395823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental contamination refers to feelings of dirtiness and/or urges to wash that arise without direct contact with a contaminant. Cognitive models propose that this results from \"serious, negative misappraisals of perceived violations\". However, the specific violation misappraisals most relevant to mental contamination have yet to be established empirically, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive validated inventory of violation appraisals. Therefore, this study's aim was to develop and validate such a measure. Items for the new Violation Appraisal Measure (VAM) were developed from qualitative interviews, theoretical models, and previous empirical work. An Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted in a sample of (<i>n</i> = 300) undergraduate participants, which revealed a four-factor structure: Responsibility/Self-Blame, Permanence, Mistrust, and Self-Worth. The VAM showed excellent internal consistency (<math><mi>α</mi></math> = 0.90), good convergent (<i>r</i> = .50 to .64) and adequate divergent (<i>r</i> = -.01 to .46) validity and was predictive of mental contamination symptoms over and above existing related appraisal measures, <math><mrow><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow></mrow></math><i>F</i>(1,289) = 29.35, <i>p</i> < .001, <math><mrow><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow></mrow></math><i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.06. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a second sample of (<i>n</i> = 300) undergraduate students confirmed strong model fit for the four-factor structure of the VAM. The development of the VAM is an important contribution to the search for empirically based cognitive mechanisms in mental contamination and other violation-related sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"115-136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Å Garke, Nils Hentati Isacsson, Örn Kolbeinsson, Hugo Hesser, Kristoffer N T Månsson
{"title":"Improvements in emotion regulation during cognitive behavior therapy predict subsequent social anxiety reductions.","authors":"Maria Å Garke, Nils Hentati Isacsson, Örn Kolbeinsson, Hugo Hesser, Kristoffer N T Månsson","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2373784","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2373784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience overall emotion regulation difficulties, but less is known about the long-term role of such difficulties in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for SAD. Forty-six patients with SAD receiving internet-delivered CBT, and matched healthy controls (HCs; <i>n</i> = 39), self-reported the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR), and participated in anticipatory speech anxiety behavioral experiments. Patients were measured at seven time points before, during and after CBT over a total period of 28 months, and HCs at two timepoints. Disaggregated growth curve models with a total of 263 observations were used, as well as intra-class correlation coefficients and regression models. Patients' LSAS-SR and DERS ratings were reliable (ICC = .83 and .75 respectively), and patients, relative to controls, showed larger difficulties in emotion regulation at pre-treatment (<i>p</i> < .001). During CBT, within-individual improvements in emotion regulation significantly predicted later LSAS-SR reductions (<i>p</i> = .041, pseudo-<i>R</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 43%). Changes in emotion regulation may thus be important to monitor on an individual level and may be used to improve outcomes in future developments of internet-delivered CBT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"78-95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krister W Fjermestad, Malin H Wallin, Frederike Naujokat, Bryce D McLeod, Wendy K Silverman, Lars-Göran Öst, Matthew D Lerner, Einar R Heiervang, Gro Janne Wergeland
{"title":"Group cohesion and alliance predict cognitive-behavioral group treatment outcomes for youth with anxiety disorders.","authors":"Krister W Fjermestad, Malin H Wallin, Frederike Naujokat, Bryce D McLeod, Wendy K Silverman, Lars-Göran Öst, Matthew D Lerner, Einar R Heiervang, Gro Janne Wergeland","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2385906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2385906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge about how to enhance group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) outcomes is needed. In a randomized controlled effectiveness trial, we examined group cohesion (the bond between group members) and the alliance (the client-clinician bond) as predictors of GCBT outcomes. The sample was 88 youth (<i>M</i> age 11.7 years, <i>SD</i> = 2.1; 54.5% girls; 90.7% White) with anxiety disorders. Observers rated group cohesion and alliance in 32 sessions from 16 groups. We examined early group cohesion and alliance (<i>r</i> = .50, <i>p</i> < .001) and group cohesion and alliance change from early to late in treatment in relation to outcomes using generalized estimation equations accounting for nesting within groups (ICCs .31 to .55). The outcomes were diagnostic recovery, clinical severity, and parent- and youth-reported anxiety symptoms, each at post-treatment, 12-months, and 4-years follow-up. There were more significant associations with 4-years follow-up than earlier outcomes. Clinical severity and parent-reported anxiety symptoms were more frequently predicted than diagnostic recovery. Clinician- and parent-reported outcomes were far more frequently significantly predicted by cohesion and alliance than youth-rated outcomes. We conclude that group cohesion and alliance are related but distinct variables, both associated with some GCBT outcomes for as long as 4 years after treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"96-114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mia Bennion, Karina Lovell, Amy Blakemore, Emily Vicary, Penny Bee
{"title":"Predictors of engagement with between-session work in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based interventions: a mixed-methods systematic review and \"best fit\" framework synthesis.","authors":"Mia Bennion, Karina Lovell, Amy Blakemore, Emily Vicary, Penny Bee","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2369939","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2369939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between-session work (BSW) acts as the vehicle to translate skills learnt in therapy sessions into adaptive changes in everyday life, a key goal in Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (CBT). Despite a well-established relationship between engagement with BSW and enhanced treatment outcomes, difficulties completing between-session tasks are common and factors affecting patient engagement with BSW are poorly understood. This mixed-methods systematic review and \"best fit\" framework synthesis explored predictors of engagement with BSW in CBT-based interventions. Comprehensive searches were conducted across five databases, identifying 59 eligible studies. This combined theory and empirical evidence approach depicted ten predictor themes related to between-session engagement, spanning individual, relational and contextual concepts. While ambiguous findings were generated by existing evidence, several factors emerged as relatively consistent predictors of engagement with BSW: positive patient beliefs regarding BSW and treatment such as perceived helpfulness, and practitioner competency in planning and reviewing BSW, including providing a rationale and addressing difficulties were associated with greater engagement. Conversely, patient in-session resistance, including counter change talk, was an indicator of disengagement between-sessions. The impact of patient symptomology, sociocultural environment, practitioner beliefs and the therapeutic relationship is unclear. The conceptual model presented offers a testable framework for researchers and a guideline for practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"41-77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J Zvolensky, Jillian H Robison, Zachary S Ayers, Amy R Senger, Bryce K Clausen, Michael S Businelle, Matthew W Gallagher
{"title":"Anxiety sensitivity and COVID-19 mental health, fatigue, and well-being: a longitudinal examination among adults from the United States during March-October 2020.","authors":"Michael J Zvolensky, Jillian H Robison, Zachary S Ayers, Amy R Senger, Bryce K Clausen, Michael S Businelle, Matthew W Gallagher","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2360054","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2360054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is widespread empirical evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to elevated risk of mental and physical health symptoms and decreased quality of life. The present investigation sought to examine if individual differences in anxiety sensitivity was associated with mental health, psychosomatic, and well-being among a sample of US adults during a 6-month period early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing longitudinal research methodology, we tested the hypothesis that the anxiety sensitivity global factor would be related to increased risk of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and lower well-being. Secondary analyses evaluated the lower order anxiety sensitivity factors for the same criterion variables. The sample consisted of 778 participants with an average age of 37.96 (SD = 11.81; range 18-73). Results indicated that, as hypothesized, anxiety sensitivity was associated with increased risk for more severe anxiety, depression, fatigue, and lesser well-being; the observed effects of anxiety sensitivity were relatively robust and evident in adjusted models that controlled for numerous theoretically and clinically relevant factors (e.g. perceived health status). Overall, these results suggest that pandemic functioning could likely be improved via interventions that target elevated anxiety sensitivity as a vulnerability factor for a broad range of aversive psychosomatic symptoms and personal well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"642-660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders Næss, Kristin J Haabrekke, Heidi M Päivärinne, Ingeborg Skjærvø, Marianne Martinsen, Silje M Ormhaug
{"title":"The therapist role in parent-led cognitive behavioral therapy for children after trauma: treating trauma from a distance.","authors":"Anders Næss, Kristin J Haabrekke, Heidi M Päivärinne, Ingeborg Skjærvø, Marianne Martinsen, Silje M Ormhaug","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2360042","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2360042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the therapist experience of their role in providing Stepped Care Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy for Children after Trauma (SC-CBT-CT), a semi-homebased, parent-led trauma-treatment for children (7-12). Previous research has documented that parent-led, therapist-assisted psychological interventions are an acceptable and effective type of service delivery. Yet, the therapist perspective on their role when providing parent-led treatments has received limited research attention. Attention is therefore directed to the therapist experience of engaging parents, establishing relationships, and working with children's trauma narratives from a distance-through the engagement of parents. The data material consists of semi-structured interviews with SC-CBT-CT therapists. To identify patterns of experience, thought, and viewpoints in the overall data, a stepwise thematic analysis approach was applied. Two core themes emerged: 1) Perceptions of therapeutic control and therapeutic presence when engaging parents to lead their own children through an exposure-based program; 2) Establishment and maintenance of therapeutic alliances with and between parents and children. Although parents are inherently well-positioned to engage with their own children about trauma, the article highlights that treatment adherence, progression, and perseverance is contingent upon systematic therapist guidance, monitoring, and availability for support and problem-solving.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"621-641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining processes of change for acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy self-help books with depressed college students.","authors":"Carter H Davis, Michael P Twohig, Michael E Levin","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2346854","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2346854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the prevalence of depression, it is worthwhile to consider a variety of treatment approaches to reach as many sufferers as possible, including highly accessible formats such as self-help books. Books based in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) propose to treat depression through distinct processes of change, though the degree to which these treatments are distinguishable in this format is unclear. Furthermore, it is possible that some individuals may respond better to therapeutic processes from one approach over the other based on personal preferences. We tested the effects of ACT and CBT self-help books on processes of change in a sample of 139 depressed college students in which some participants were given a choice of treatment and others were randomized. Cognitive fusion, which improved better in the ACT group, was the only process of change that distinguished the two treatments. Additionally, early improvements in cognitive fusion were associated with less depression-related stigma at posttreatment. Lastly, randomization, instead of choosing a treatment, led to greater improvements in almost all processes of change. We discuss how these findings inform personalized care, tangible differences between ACT and CBT, and effective practices for treating depression at large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"592-607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanne Edelbluth, Jan Philipp Klein, Brian Schwartz, Miriam Hehlmann, Alice Arndt, Julian Rubel, Danilo Moggia, Thomas Berger, Björn Meyer, Steffen Moritz, Johanna Schröder, Wolfgang Lutz
{"title":"The long shadow of early-change patterns: a 3-year follow-up after the use of a web-based intervention for mild to moderate depressive symptoms.","authors":"Susanne Edelbluth, Jan Philipp Klein, Brian Schwartz, Miriam Hehlmann, Alice Arndt, Julian Rubel, Danilo Moggia, Thomas Berger, Björn Meyer, Steffen Moritz, Johanna Schröder, Wolfgang Lutz","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2368520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2368520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Web-based interventions can be effective in treating depressive symptoms. Patients with risk not responding to treatment have been identified by early change patterns. This study aims to examine whether early changes are superior to baseline parameters in predicting long-term outcome. In a randomized clinical trial with 409 individuals experiencing mild to moderate depressive symptoms using the web-based intervention deprexis, three latent classes were identified (early response after registration, early response after screening and early deterioration) based on early change in the first four weeks of the intervention. Baseline variables and these classes were included in a Stepwise Cox Proportional Hazard Multiple Regression to identify predictors associated with the onset of remission over 36-months. Early change class was a significant predictor of remission over 36 months. Compared to early deterioration after screening, both early response after registration and after screening were associated with a higher likelihood of remission. In sensitivity and secondary analyses, only change class consistently emerged as a predictor of long-term outcome. Early improvement in depression symptoms predicted long-term outcome and those showing early improvement had a higher likelihood of long-term remission. These findings suggest that early changes might be a robust predictor for long-term outcome beyond baseline parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"681-700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taylor Hathway, Sarah McDonald, Maral Melkonian, Eyal Karin, Nickolai Titov, Blake F Dear, Bethany M Wootton
{"title":"Correlates of depression in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder.","authors":"Taylor Hathway, Sarah McDonald, Maral Melkonian, Eyal Karin, Nickolai Titov, Blake F Dear, Bethany M Wootton","doi":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2368518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16506073.2024.2368518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The existing literature examining the correlates of depression in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by inconsistent results. The aim of the current study was to replicate and extend the literature by exploring whether various clinical and demographic factors are related to the occurrence of depression in a large sample (<i>N</i> = 243) of individuals with OCD (<i>M</i> age = 33.00; <i>SD =</i> 12.47; 74% female). Individuals with OCD who had elevated comorbid depressive symptoms [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9) ≥10] scored significantly higher on all OCD symptom subtypes (<i>p</i> range < .001-.048), had greater obsessive and compulsive severity (<i>ps</i> < .001), scored higher on perfectionism (<i>p</i> < .001), and had higher disgust sensitivity and propensity scores (<i>ps</i> < .001) compared with individuals who did not have comorbid depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10). Of these variables, obsession severity (<i>β</i> = 0.22, <i>p</i> = .004), OCD contamination subtype (<i>β</i> = 0.16, <i>p</i> = .032) and perfectionism (<i>β</i> = 0.25, <i>p</i> < .001) were found to be associated with depressive symptoms on the PHQ-9. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of factors which are associated with depression comorbidity in individuals with OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10535,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"661-680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}