CNS Spectrums最新文献_第4页

A systematic review on the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in mitigating psychotropic drug-related weight gain - CORRIGENDUM. 关于GLP-1受体激动剂减轻精神药物相关体重增加功效的系统综述-勘误。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924002402

Trisha Menon, Serene Lee, Xuan Yi Gong, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Angela T H Kwan, Kayla M Teopiz, Roger Ho, Bing Cao, Taeho Greg Rhee, Yang Jing Zheng, Kyle Valentino, Kangguang Lin, Maj Vinberg, Heidi K Y Lo, Roger S McIntyre

引用次数: 0

Ketamine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - CORRIGENDUM. 氯胺酮治疗精神疾病：系统回顾和荟萃分析-勘误表。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924002414

Angela T H Kwan, Moiz Lakhani, Gurkaran Singh, Gia Han Le, Sabrina Wong, Kayla M Teopiz, Donovan A Dev, Arshpreet Singh Manku, Gurnoor Sidhu, Roger S McIntyre

引用次数: 0

The Association Between Dextromethorphan/Bupropion with Alcohol and Substance Misuse: Reports to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) - CORRIGENDUM. 右美沙芬/安非他酮与酒精和药物滥用之间的关系：美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统（FAERS）的报告-勘误表。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924002384

Angela T H Kwan, Roger S McIntyre

引用次数: 0

What is schizophrenia - symptomatology. 什么是精神分裂症——症状学。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924000622

Joan M Striebel

{"title":"What is schizophrenia - symptomatology.","authors":"Joan M Striebel","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000622","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924000622","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a highly heterogenous disorder with substantial interindividual variation in how the illness is experienced and how it presents clinically. The disorder is composed of primary symptom clusters-positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization, neurocognitive deficits, and social cognitive impairments. These, along with duration, severity, and excluding other possible etiologies, comprise the diagnostic criteria for the disorder outlined in the two commonly used diagnostic classification systems-the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. These primary symptoms as well as accessory symptoms (mood disturbances, anxiety, violence) and comorbidities (substance use, suicidality) bear upon each other to varying degrees and impact functional outcomes. The following review presents two patient cases illustrating the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia, the natural history of the illness and diagnosis, followed by the current understanding of the primary symptom clusters, accessory symptoms, and comorbidities. In addition to noting symptom prevalence, onset, and change over time, attention is paid to the impact of symptoms on functional outcome.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A unified understanding of the human mind - a neuroethical perspective. 对人类思想的统一理解——神经伦理学的观点。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292400049X

Alberto Carrara

{"title":"A unified understanding of the human mind - a neuroethical perspective.","authors":"Alberto Carrara","doi":"10.1017/S109285292400049X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S109285292400049X","url":null,"abstract":"This article, titled \"A Unified Understanding of the Human Mind - A Neuroethical Perspective,\" examines the evolution of the concept of the human mind in Western thought and its integration with neuroscience, psychology, psychiatry, and relational dimensions. The author explores how the understanding of the mind has changed over time, influenced by shifts in philosophical paradigms, scientific advancements, and societal perspectives. The article traces the historical development of the mind's concept, starting from ancient Greece, through influential thinkers like Plato and René Descartes, and progressing to contemporary perspectives. It highlights various philosophical and scientific approaches, including structuralism, functionalism, empiricism, and associationism, which have shaped our understanding of the mind. The article also delves into contemporary integration, where advancements in neuroimaging and the rise of holistic approaches offer a more nuanced understanding of the human mind. The author emphasizes the importance of the relational dimension and the interconnectedness of mental processes, the brain, and the external environment. This integrated perspective can benefit psychiatric treatment and psychological assessments by fostering a holistic approach to mental health. In conclusion, the article advocates for a multidimensional perspective that bridges subjective and objective aspects of human experience, offering promise for theoretical knowledge and practical applications in psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How antipsychotics work in schizophrenia: a primer on mechanisms. 抗精神病药物如何在精神分裂症中起作用：机制入门。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924002244

Jonathan M Meyer

{"title":"How antipsychotics work in schizophrenia: a primer on mechanisms.","authors":"Jonathan M Meyer","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002244","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002244","url":null,"abstract":"Antipsychotics effective for schizophrenia approved prior to 2024 shared the common mechanism of postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptor antagonism or partial agonism. Positive psychosis symptoms correlate with excessive presynaptic dopamine turnover and release, yet this postsynaptic mechanism improved positive symptoms only in some patients, and with concomitant risk for off-target motor and endocrine adverse effects; moreover, these agents showed no benefit for negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The sole exception was data supporting cariprazine's superiority to risperidone for negative symptoms. The muscarinic M1/M4 agonist xanomeline was approved in September 2024 and represents the first of a new antipsychotic class. This novel mechanism improves positive symptoms by reducing presynaptic dopamine release. Xanomeline also lacks any D2 receptor affinity and is not associated with motor or endocrine side effects. Of importance, xanomeline treated patients with higher baseline levels of cognitive dysfunction in clinical trials data saw cognitive improvement, a finding likely related to stimulation of muscarinic M1 receptors. Treatment resistance is seen in one-third of schizophrenia patients. These individuals do not have dopamine dysfunction underlying their positive symptoms, and therefore show limited response to antipsychotics that target dopamine neurotransmission. Clozapine remains the only medication with proven efficacy for resistant schizophrenia, and with unique benefits for persistent impulsive aggression and suicidality. New molecules are being studied to address the array of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia; however, until their approval, clinicians must be familiar with currently available agents and be adept at prescribing clozapine.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opioid antagonists: clinical utility, pharmacology, safety, and tolerability. 阿片拮抗剂：临床实用性、药理学、安全性和耐受性。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924002189

Roger S McIntyre, Marni E Harris, Mark S Todtenkopf, Sarah Akerman, Joshua Burgett

{"title":"Opioid antagonists: clinical utility, pharmacology, safety, and tolerability.","authors":"Roger S McIntyre, Marni E Harris, Mark S Todtenkopf, Sarah Akerman, Joshua Burgett","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002189","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002189","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid antagonists block opioid receptors, a mechanism associated with utility in several therapeutic indications. Here, we review the sites of action, clinical uses, pharmacology, and general safety profiles of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved opioid antagonists. A review of the literature and product labels of opioid antagonists was conducted. The unique clinical uses of approved opioid antagonists are related to their ability to block opioid receptors centrally and/or peripherally. Centrally acting opioid antagonists treat opioid and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and reverse opioid overdose. Because the opioid system influences weight and metabolism, one opioid antagonist combination product is approved for chronic weight management; another, approved for adults with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder, mitigates olanzapine-associated weight gain. Peripherally acting opioid antagonists are approved for opioid-induced constipation; another accelerates gastrointestinal recovery after bowel surgery. Opioid antagonists are generally well tolerated; they are not associated with physiologic dependence or abuse. However, opioid antagonists can precipitate acute opioid withdrawal in patients using or undergoing withdrawal from opioid agonists. Likewise, their use can confer a risk for opioid overdose if attempts are made to overcome opioid antagonist blockade of opioid receptors via the intake of additional opioids. Opioid receptor antagonists have diverse therapeutic benefits based on their respective pharmacology and sites of action; understanding their respective nuances facilitates the safe and effective use of these agents.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"542-548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in suicide prevention: critical overview of the gaps in suicide risk assessments, multimodal strategies, medicolegal risks, and the emerging evidence. 自杀预防方面的进展：对自杀风险评估、多模式战略、医学法律风险和新出现的证据方面差距的关键概述。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292400230X

Mayank Gupta, Priyal Khurana, Nihit Gupta

引用次数: 0

Eye-tracking technology: a tool to enhance understanding of memory complaints in COVID-19 survivors. 眼球追踪技术：一种增强对COVID-19幸存者记忆抱怨理解的工具。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924002426

Julián Benito-León, José Lapeña-Motilva, Cecilia García-Cena

引用次数: 0

Are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists anti-consummatory drugs? 胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂是抗完终药吗？

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292400244X

Rodrigo B Mansur, Joshua D Di Vincenzo, Sebastian Badulescu, Hartej Gill, Aniqa Tabassum, Cristian Llach López, Joshua D Rosenblat, Roger S McIntyre

{"title":"Are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists anti-consummatory drugs?","authors":"Rodrigo B Mansur, Joshua D Di Vincenzo, Sebastian Badulescu, Hartej Gill, Aniqa Tabassum, Cristian Llach López, Joshua D Rosenblat, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S109285292400244X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S109285292400244X","url":null,"abstract":"Incretin-based treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (eg liraglutide and semaglutide), have rapidly transformed obesity treatment. The well-documented weight loss effect from these agents is considered to be primarily a result of their actions on food intake, but frequent anecdotal reports from varied sources have suggested that they might also broadly affect consummatory behavior, including alcohol and drugs of abuse, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on reward behavior. Herein, we critically review the extant literature on the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists in humans, including their impact on feeding behavior, alcohol/drug intake, and overall reward response. We also consider the physiological and neurobiological underpinnings of GLP-1 actions, with a focus on its distinct central and peripheral roles, as well as its relationships with the broader energy homeostasis network. We conclude with a discussion on the implications of this line of research on how behavior is conceptualized, and the potential future directions for research.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"536-541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0