CNS Spectrums最新文献_第4页

Neuromodulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus in bipolar disorder to target response inhibition: a proof-of-concept study. 双相情感障碍右额下回的神经调节以靶反应抑制：一项概念验证研究。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925100308

Karling Luciani, Laura Schmid, Bazyl Carroll, Alexandra Sebastian, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Christian G Schütz

{"title":"Neuromodulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus in bipolar disorder to target response inhibition: a proof-of-concept study.","authors":"Karling Luciani, Laura Schmid, Bazyl Carroll, Alexandra Sebastian, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Christian G Schütz","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925100308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852925100308","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) affects over 1% of the population and is characterized by deficits in response inhibition. Response inhibition, a crucial component of executive functions, involves the ability to suppress or withhold a planned or ongoing response that is no longer required or appropriate in a given context. Response inhibition may be dissociated into three subcomponents: interference inhibition, action withholding, and action cancellation. These subcomponents are assessed using the hybrid response inhibition (HRI) task. Previous research has shown that inhibitory control is strongly lateralized to the right hemisphere. Specifically, the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is a key node underpinning response inhibition and might be amenable to neuromodulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the effects of rTMS targeting the rIFG on response inhibition in individuals with BD and controls.Methods: We investigated HRI performance scores in individuals with BD (n = 12) and sex-/age-matched controls (n = 12) immediately before and after intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous TBS to modulate cortical excitability of the rIFG.Results: The response inhibition subcomponent \"action withholding\" was significantly improved in the HRI task following iTBS in the BD group. No other significant effects were observed in the results.Conclusions: Our study is the first to show that iTBS to the rIFG neuromodulated a specific subcomponent of response inhibition in BD. Further research investigating the potential therapeutic effect of neuromodulation of the rIFG in BD is warranted.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":"30 1","pages":"e48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transgenerational adverse effects of valproate can't be by-passed. 丙戊酸的跨代副作用是无法回避的。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000288

Alain Braillon

引用次数: 0

Adolescent cannabis use and onset of bipolar disorder: gaining causal clarity by viewing the evidence through the Bradford Hill lens. 青少年大麻使用和双相情感障碍的发病：通过布拉德福德·希尔透镜观察证据，获得因果关系的清晰度。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925100345

Francesco Bartoli, Daniele Cavaleri, Carlo Bassetti, Marco Broccia, Cristina Crocamo, Gin S Malhi, Giuseppe Carrà

{"title":"Adolescent cannabis use and onset of bipolar disorder: gaining causal clarity by viewing the evidence through the Bradford Hill lens.","authors":"Francesco Bartoli, Daniele Cavaleri, Carlo Bassetti, Marco Broccia, Cristina Crocamo, Gin S Malhi, Giuseppe Carrà","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925100345","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925100345","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, several longitudinal studies aimed at clarifying whether cannabis use during adolescence might play a causal role in the subsequent risk of developing bipolar disorder have been published. Although their methodological heterogeneity precludes any meta-analytic approaches, evidence from these studies can be systematically evaluated using the Bradford Hill criteria. A biological gradient is supported by evidence on the dose-response relationship between exposure severity and outcome. As such, the effect of cannabis use on bipolar disorder onset is likely to be strong, coherent, plausible, and based on a clear temporality. In addition, some analogies can be hypothesized between studies testing the possible causal role of cannabis in the development of bipolar disorder and those is schizophrenia. Cannabis may represent a precipitating agent inducing bipolar disorder in a multicausal model of individual vulnerability. However, this relationship seems to be only partially consistent and nonspecific, and the experimental evidence is strongly suggestive but, as yet, inconclusive. Nevertheless, in summary, it seems there is sufficient support for the hypothesis that cannabis use during adolescence may play a causal role in bipolar disorder, although further studies are needed to consolidate the evidence.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does compulsory community treatment for discharged forensic hospital patients work? The recent evidence base. 强制社区治疗对法医院出院病人有效吗？最近的证据库。

IF 4.1 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000306

Melinda DiCiro, Melanie Scott, Sean Sterling

{"title":"Does compulsory community treatment for discharged forensic hospital patients work? The recent evidence base.","authors":"Melinda DiCiro, Melanie Scott, Sean Sterling","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925000306","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925000306","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Over the decades, research has demonstrated that Conditional Release Programs (CONREP) and Compulsory community treatment can reduce recidivism among forensic patients discharged from inpatient commitment. This study synthesizes current knowledge-including findings from a 2024 California Department of State Hospitals report-to evaluate the impact of involuntary community treatment on recidivism and patient outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2613 patients discharged from California state hospitals between 2012 and 2017. Patients were either directly discharged to the community (N = 2011) or referred to CONREP (N = 602). Data on rearrests for general and violent offenses were obtained through 2018. Variables with established relationships to recidivism (e.g., commitment category, mental health diagnoses, lengths of stay) were included. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, Cox regression, and logistic regression, were conducted to compare recidivism rates and identify significant predictors.Results: CONREP-treated patients demonstrated dramatically lower fixed recidivism rates at 1, 3, and 5 years compared with directly discharged patients. Direct discharge was associated with up to a sevenfold increased likelihood of rearrest within 1 year. The median time to rearrest was 400 days for directly discharged patients versus 500 days for CONREP patients (p < .004). Logistic regression revealed that direct discharge, younger age, and a higher number of state hospital commitments were significant predictors of rearrest.Conclusions: Structured, court-supervised community treatment via CONREP substantially reduces recidivism among forensic patients, promoting safer community reintegration and improved outcomes. These findings support expanding CONREP services to enhance public safety and patient rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psilocybin and hallucinogenic mushrooms - ERRATUM. 裸盖菇素和致幻蘑菇-勘误。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925100291

Mathieu Fradet, Carlton M Kelly, Anna J Donnelly, Trisha Suppes

引用次数: 0

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. 胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂预防和治疗帕金森病。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292510031X

Serene Lee, Liyang Yin, Naomi Xiao, Taeho Greg Rhee, Heidi K Y Lo, Sabrina Wong, Susan Fox, Kayla Teopiz, Bess Yin-Hung Lam, Yang Jing Zheng, Gia Han Le, Rodrigo B Mansur, Joshua D Rosenblat, Roger S McIntyre

{"title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Serene Lee, Liyang Yin, Naomi Xiao, Taeho Greg Rhee, Heidi K Y Lo, Sabrina Wong, Susan Fox, Kayla Teopiz, Bess Yin-Hung Lam, Yang Jing Zheng, Gia Han Le, Rodrigo B Mansur, Joshua D Rosenblat, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S109285292510031X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S109285292510031X","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by prominent motor and non-motor (e.g., cognitive) abnormalities. Notwithstanding Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments (e.g., L-dopa), most persons with PD do not adequately benefit from the FDA-approved treatments and treatment emergent adverse events are often reasons for discontinuation. To date, no current therapy for PD is disease modifying or curative. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are central nervous system (CNS) penetrant and have shown to be neuroprotective against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as promoting neuroplasticity. Preclinical evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs also attenuate the accumulation of α-synuclein. The cellular and molecular effects of GLP-1RAs provide a basis to hypothesize putative therapeutic benefit in individuals with PD. Extant preclinical and clinical trial evidence in PD provide preliminary evidence of clinically meaningful benefit in the cardinal features of PD. Herein, we synthesize extant preclinical and early-phase clinical evidence, suggesting that GLP-1RAs may be beneficial as a treatment and/or illness progression modification therapeutic in PD.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to letter "transgenerational adverse effects of valproate can't be by-passed". 对信函“丙戊酸盐的跨代不良影响无法绕过”的回应。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292500029X

Roger S McIntyre

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of anti-suicidal effects of sedative-hypnotics and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. 镇静催眠药和认知行为治疗失眠的抗自杀效果的系统综述。

IF 4.1 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000318

Kyle Valentino, Kayla Teopiz, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Sebastian Badulescu, Danica Johnson, Roger Ho, Taeho Greg Rhee, Bing Cao, Joshua Rosenblat, Rodrigo Mansur, Roger S McIntyre

{"title":"A systematic review of anti-suicidal effects of sedative-hypnotics and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.","authors":"Kyle Valentino, Kayla Teopiz, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Sebastian Badulescu, Danica Johnson, Roger Ho, Taeho Greg Rhee, Bing Cao, Joshua Rosenblat, Rodrigo Mansur, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925000318","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925000318","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide accounts for over 700,000 deaths per year globally and remains a public health priority. Evidence suggests that sleep-related interventions may be effective in reducing depressive symptom severity and suicidal thoughts in patients diagnosed with depression and comorbid insomnia. This study aims to systematically review the efficacy of sedative-hypnotics and/or cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on measures of suicidality.In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 30, 2024. Studies were included if they (1) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and (2) reported on suicide-related measures associated with sleep interventions as a primary outcome, secondary outcome, or a safety measure. We endeavored to define and operationalize suicidality as suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and suicide completion (SC). In cases where study authors failed to separate these three dimensions, the term \"suicidality\" was applied.Eighteen studies were identified meeting inclusion criteria, comprised of studies investigating benzodiazepines (n = 2), Z-drugs (n=4), orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) (n=8), and CBT-I (n=4). Zolpidem reduces SI as well as insomnia (linear association = 0.12, p<0.05) as evidenced by improvement on both the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). ORAs were not associated with either an increase or decrease in suicidality. CBT-I alleviates SI in patients with insomnia (t = -3.35, p<0.05).Effectively treating insomnia is associated with reduced SI. Available evidence suggests that Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved sedative-hypnotics do not increase the risk of suicidality.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e45"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should glutamatergic modulators be considered preferential treatments for adults with major depressive disorder and a reported history of trauma? Conceptual and clinical implications. 谷氨酸调节剂应该被认为是成人重度抑郁症和创伤史患者的优先治疗药物吗？概念和临床意义。

IF 4.1 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925100278

Kayla M Teopiz, Heidi K Y Lo, Moiz Lakhani, Angela T H Kwan, Poh Khuen Lim, Melanie Zhang, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Jennifer Swainson, Bing Cao, Christine Dri, Roger Ho, Kyle Valentino, Roger S McIntyre

{"title":"Should glutamatergic modulators be considered preferential treatments for adults with major depressive disorder and a reported history of trauma? Conceptual and clinical implications.","authors":"Kayla M Teopiz, Heidi K Y Lo, Moiz Lakhani, Angela T H Kwan, Poh Khuen Lim, Melanie Zhang, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Jennifer Swainson, Bing Cao, Christine Dri, Roger Ho, Kyle Valentino, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925100278","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925100278","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, highly prevalent, and debilitating mental disorder associated with significant illness and economic burden globally. Exposure to trauma (eg, physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and/or physical, and emotional neglect) is common among individuals with MDD. Persons with MDD and a history of trauma often exhibit an attenuated response to conventional serotonergic antidepressants compared to those with non-traumatized depression. Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to trauma is associated with increased inflammatory markers [eg, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] as well as glutamatergic dysregulation in the central nervous system (CNS). It is hypothesized that individuals with MDD and a history of trauma may be conceptualized as a distinct bio-phenotype compared to non-traumatized depression. Furthermore, preliminary evidence positions select glutamatergic modulators as potential, novel, mechanistically-informed therapeutic strategies that may provide benefit to persons with elevated inflammation and glutamatergic dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential benefits of clonidine for anxiety disorders. 探索可乐定对焦虑症的潜在益处。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925100266

Esha Aneja B S, Soojae Hollowell, Thomas Schwartz

{"title":"Exploring the potential benefits of clonidine for anxiety disorders.","authors":"Esha Aneja B S, Soojae Hollowell, Thomas Schwartz","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925100266","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925100266","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders, characterized by excessive fear and behavioral disturbances, are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, yet treatment options remain suboptimal for many patients. Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has shown potential anxiolytic effects and may address treatment-resistant cases. This review explores the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of clonidine as a pharmacological option for anxiety disorders, with emphasis on its role in modulating noradrenergic dysfunction and its potential synergistic effects with existing therapies. A literature review was conducted to evaluate clinical studies, case reports, and comparative trials on clonidine's use in anxiety disorders, focusing on its pharmacological profile, efficacy, and tolerability. Evidence suggests clonidine may reduce anxiety symptoms, particularly in treatment-resistant cases and specific populations, such as pediatric patients and those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Its mechanism involves modulating norepinephrine release and glutamatergic pathways. Case studies and small trials highlight its potential in reducing cognitive symptoms of anxiety, but inconsistencies in efficacy and side effects, including sedation and hypotension, were noted. Comparative studies suggest clonidine may have similar efficacy to SSRIs in some cases but lack large-scale validation. Clonidine presents as a promising pharmacotherapeutic option for anxiety disorders, particularly in cases resistant to conventional treatments or in patients with contraindications to other typical medications. Its mechanism of action, tolerability, and potential synergistic effects with existing therapies underscore the need for continued exploration and clinical trials to establish its optimal role in anxiety disorder management.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0