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The Myotendinous Junction—Form and Function 肌腱接头--形态与功能
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041500
Abigail L. Mackey
{"title":"The Myotendinous Junction—Form and Function","authors":"Abigail L. Mackey","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041500","url":null,"abstract":"A critical link in the chain of force transmission from muscle fiber cross-bridge to bone is the interface between muscle and tendon—the myotendinous junction (MTJ). To meet the challenge of connecting these two tissues, the MTJ is specialized molecularly and morphologically. Distinct transcriptional profiles are evident for the myonuclei at the myofiber tips and a population of mononuclear tendon cells at the MTJ, demonstrating support from both sides in MTJ maintenance. Paradoxically, despite this high degree of specialization, the MTJ remains susceptible to strain (rupture) injury and is often associated with failed tissue healing. Incomplete understanding of the nature of the MTJ and the elements contributing to its plasticity hinder tackling this unsolved clinical challenge. The goal of this review is to summarize key structural and molecular features of the MTJ, discuss MTJ adaptation in response to mechanical (un)loading, aging, and injury, and highlight the major unanswered questions surrounding the MTJ.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nodes of Ranvier: Mechanisms of Assembly and Maintenance 兰维耶结节：组装和维护机制
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041361
Matthew N. Rasband, Elior Peles
{"title":"The Nodes of Ranvier: Mechanisms of Assembly and Maintenance","authors":"Matthew N. Rasband, Elior Peles","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041361","url":null,"abstract":"Action potential propagation along myelinated axons requires clustered voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. These channels must be restricted to nodes of Ranvier where the action potential is regenerated. Several mechanisms have evolved to facilitate and ensure the correct assembly and stabilization of these essential axonal domains. This review highlights the current understanding of the axon-intrinsic and glial-extrinsic mechanisms that control the formation and maintenance of the nodes of Ranvier in both the peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Astrocyte Regulation of Synapse Formation, Maturation, and Elimination. 星形胶质细胞对突触形成、成熟和消除的调控作用
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041352
Won-Suk Chung, Katherine T Baldwin, Nicola J Allen
{"title":"Astrocyte Regulation of Synapse Formation, Maturation, and Elimination.","authors":"Won-Suk Chung, Katherine T Baldwin, Nicola J Allen","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041352","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes play an integral role in the development, maturation, and refinement of neuronal circuits. Astrocytes secrete proteins and lipids that instruct the formation of new synapses and induce the maturation of existing synapses. Through contact-mediated signaling, astrocytes can regulate the formation and state of synapses within their domain. Through phagocytosis, astrocytes participate in the elimination of excess synaptic connections. In this work, we will review key findings on the molecular mechanisms of astrocyte-synapse interaction with a focus on astrocyte-secreted factors, contact-mediated mechanisms, and synapse elimination. We will discuss this in the context of typical brain development and maintenance, as well as consider the consequences of dysfunction in these pathways in neurological disorders, highlighting a role for astrocytes in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Biology of Lipids. 脂质生物学
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041713
Robert G Parton, Kai Simons
{"title":"The Biology of Lipids.","authors":"Robert G Parton, Kai Simons","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041713","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipids are the defining features of cellular membranes. They act collectively to form a variety of different structures, and understanding their complex behavior represents an early example of systems biology. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to analyse the functions of lipids in biological systems, and new work is providing fascinating insights into their roles in membrane biology, metabolism, signaling, subcellular dynamics and various disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overcoming Obstacles to Gene-Edited Solutions to Climate Challenges. 克服基因编辑气候挑战解决方案的障碍。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041677
L Val Giddings
{"title":"Overcoming Obstacles to Gene-Edited Solutions to Climate Challenges.","authors":"L Val Giddings","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041677","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene editing and genetic modification hold enormous potential to deliver solutions to multiple climate change challenges. The most important rate-limiting obstacles impeding their development and deployment are not technical, but rather counterproductive policies and regulations. These are driven in part by the mistaken apprehension of widespread public opposition. These obstacles are described and solutions to overcoming them are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Homeostasis and the Unfolded Protein Response. 内质网膜稳态和折叠蛋白反应
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041400
Robert Ernst, Mike F Renne, Aamna Jain, Alexander von der Malsburg
{"title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Homeostasis and the Unfolded Protein Response.","authors":"Robert Ernst, Mike F Renne, Aamna Jain, Alexander von der Malsburg","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041400","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the key organelle for membrane biogenesis. Most lipids are synthesized in the ER, and most membrane proteins are first inserted into the ER membrane before they are transported to their target organelle. The composition and properties of the ER membrane must be carefully controlled to provide a suitable environment for the insertion and folding of membrane proteins. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a powerful signaling pathway that balances protein and lipid production in the ER. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of how aberrant compositions of the ER membrane, referred to as lipid bilayer stress, trigger the UPR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interneuron Diversity: How Form Becomes Function 内部神经元多样性：形式如何转化为功能
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041513
Natalia V. De Marco García, Gord Fishell
{"title":"Interneuron Diversity: How Form Becomes Function","authors":"Natalia V. De Marco García, Gord Fishell","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041513","url":null,"abstract":"A persistent question in neuroscience is how early neuronal subtype identity is established during the development of neuronal circuits. Despite significant progress in the transcriptomic characterization of cortical interneurons, the mechanisms that control the acquisition of such identities as well as how they relate to function are not clearly understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that interneuron identity is achieved through the interplay of intrinsic genetic and activity-dependent programs. In this work, we focus on how progressive interactions between interneurons and pyramidal cells endow maturing interneurons with transient identities fundamental for their function during circuit assembly and how the elimination of transient connectivity triggers the consolidation of adult subtypes.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling Normal and Abnormal Circuit Development with Recurrent Neural Networks. 用递归神经网络模拟正常和异常电路发展
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041507
Daniel Zavitz, ShiNung Ching, Geoffrey Goodhill
{"title":"Modeling Normal and Abnormal Circuit Development with Recurrent Neural Networks.","authors":"Daniel Zavitz, ShiNung Ching, Geoffrey Goodhill","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural development must construct neural circuits that can perform the computations necessary for survival. However, many theoretical models of development do not explicitly address the computational goals of the resulting networks, or computations that evolve in time. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have recently come to prominence as both models of neural circuit computation and building blocks of powerful artificial intelligence systems. Here, we review progress in using RNNs for understanding how developmental processes lead to effective computations, and how abnormal development disrupts these computations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct Methane Removal from Air by Aerobic Methanotrophs. 好氧脱甲烷菌直接去除空气中的甲烷。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041671
Mary E Lidstrom
{"title":"Direct Methane Removal from Air by Aerobic Methanotrophs.","authors":"Mary E Lidstrom","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041671","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid pace of climate change has created great urgency for short-term mitigation strategies. Appropriately, the long-term target for intervening in global warming is CO<sub>2</sub>, but experts suggest that methane should be a key short-term target. Methane has a warming impact 34 times greater than CO<sub>2</sub> on a 100-year timescale, and 86 times greater on a 20-year timescale, and its short half-life in the atmosphere provides the opportunity for near-term positive climate impacts. One approach to removing methane is the use of bacteria for which methane is their sole carbon and energy source (methanotrophs). Such bacteria convert methane to CO<sub>2</sub> and biomass, a potentially value-added product and co-benefit. If air above emissions sites with elevated methane is targeted, technology harnessing the aerobic methanotrophs has the potential to become economically viable and environmentally sound. This article discusses challenges and opportunities for using aerobic methanotrophs for methane removal from air, including the avoidance of increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71478932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Blood-Brain Barrier: Composition, Properties, and Roles in Brain Health. 血脑屏障：血脑屏障：组成、特性和在大脑健康中的作用。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041422
Baptiste Lacoste, Alexandre Prat, Moises Freitas-Andrade, Chenghua Gu
{"title":"The Blood-Brain Barrier: Composition, Properties, and Roles in Brain Health.","authors":"Baptiste Lacoste, Alexandre Prat, Moises Freitas-Andrade, Chenghua Gu","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood vessels are critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs throughout the body. The blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) possess unique properties, termed the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which allow these vessels to tightly regulate the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain. This precise control of CNS homeostasis allows for proper neuronal function and protects the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens, and alterations of this barrier are important components of the pathogenesis and progression of various neurological diseases. The physiological barrier is coordinated by a series of physical, transport, and metabolic properties possessed by the brain endothelial cells (ECs) that form the walls of the blood vessels. These properties are regulated by interactions between different vascular, perivascular, immune, and neural cells. Understanding how these cell populations interact to regulate barrier properties is essential for understanding how the brain functions in both health and disease contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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