Jupiter Algorta, Ali Fele-Paranj, Jack M Hughes, Leah Edelstein-Keshet
{"title":"Modeling and Simulating Single and Collective Cell Motility.","authors":"Jupiter Algorta, Ali Fele-Paranj, Jack M Hughes, Leah Edelstein-Keshet","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We survey a combination of classical and recent experimental and modeling developments in eukaryotic cell migration, from the subcellular processes and regulation, to single and collective cell dynamics. We showcase several examples that demonstrate simulations at several hierarchies: subcellular actin waves, corresponding migratory cell behavior, and collective behavior of several multicellular systems. We argue that the use of shared open-source software packages (such as Morpheus, in our case) to simulate multiscale models would be a boon to the community, allowing us to recreate, investigate, and build on existing work. A brief summary of currently available software is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Lenherr, Guilherme Neves, Marcio Guiomar de Oliveira, Juan Burrone
{"title":"Bringing Chandelier Cells Out of the Shadows: Exploring the Development of a Unique Neuron Type in the Brain.","authors":"Clara Lenherr, Guilherme Neves, Marcio Guiomar de Oliveira, Juan Burrone","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chandelier cells (ChCs) represent a unique GABAergic interneuron in the cortex, yet our knowledge of this sparsely populated cell type has remained equally sparse for many years. New tools, however, have brought ChCs out of the shadows, shedding light on their development and function in the rodent brain and, gradually, gaining insights into their properties in primates. This review will focus on the developmental mechanisms that define ChCs as a unique cell type and, where possible, draw parallels to studies in primates, particularly to work in human tissue. What emerges is a picture of a highly plastic neuron with a unique developmental trajectory that appears to be genetically and functionally conserved in the primate brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biogenesis and Regulation of Telomerase during Development and Cancer.","authors":"Lu Chen, Luis Francisco Zirnberger Batista","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telomerase is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the addition of telomeric DNA repeats to chromosomal ends. Telomerase is composed of core and accessory components that work in coordination to ensure telomere length is maintained during development and in specific cell types. Telomerase activity is tightly regulated and is strongly increased in most tumor cells. On the other hand, loss-of-function mutations either in accessory factors or in core components of the complex impact telomere maintenance and cause a large spectrum of severe phenotypes, typically described as telomere biology disorders. A central element for efficient telomerase function is the proper biogenesis and assembly of the holoenzyme. Here, we discuss our current understanding of these processes and how they modulate telomerase efficiency. We consider how these processes are influenced by the specific subcellular localization of different telomerase components during different stages of the assembly of the holoenzyme. We describe the tremendous progress made in this area over the last decade and how recently discovered aspects of telomerase biogenesis can be exploited clinically, to actively benefit patients suffering from telomere biology disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shedding Light on Telomere Replication, Insights from the Fission Yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>.","authors":"Stéphane Coulon","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the years, the fission yeast has become a reference model for telomere biology studies as this organism shares with mammals a highly conserved telomere composition. Here, we highlight the latest discoveries in telomere replication in fission yeast and show how this research brings new insights into the understanding of the replication and maintenance of mammalian telomeres.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic Opportunities for Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) Cancers.","authors":"Jixuan Gao, Hilda A Pickett","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancers that rely on activation of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway predominantly affect children and adolescents, and are associated with catastrophic outcomes due to a lack of clinically effective, targeted therapeutics. The exponential rise in our understanding of the ALT mechanism in recent years has led to the identification of many therapeutic targets and strategies for patients suffering from these cancers. These include targeting replication fork remodelers and DNA damage response pathways to exacerbate telomere-specific replication stress, inhibiting ALT-mediated telomere synthesis to induce telomere dysfunction, and using oncolytic viruses to selectively kill ALT cancer cells. Herein we will evaluate the advantages and shortfalls of these therapeutic strategies, and discuss current diagnostic opportunities that are a necessary accompaniment to direct ALT therapeutics to patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telomere Dynamics in Zebrafish Aging and Disease.","authors":"Miguel Godinho Ferreira","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041696","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish telomere lengths vary significantly across the numerous species, implicating diverse life strategies and environmental adaptations. Zebrafish have telomere dynamics that are comparable to humans and are emerging as a key model in which to unravel the systemic effects of telomere shortening on aging and interorgan communication. Here, we discuss zebrafish telomere biology, focusing on the organismal impact of telomere attrition beyond cellular senescence, with particular emphasis on how telomeric shortening in specific tissues can unleash widespread organ dysfunction and disease. This highlights a novel aspect of tissue communication, whereby telomere shortening in one organ can propagate through biological networks, influencing the aging process systemically. These discoveries position zebrafish as a valuable model for studying the complex interactions between telomeres, aging, and tissue cross talk, providing important insights with direct relevance to human health and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enteric Glia.","authors":"Meenakshi Rao, Brian D Gulbransen","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041368","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral neuroglia that accompany neurons in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the digestive tract. The ENS displays integrative neural circuits that are capable of governing moment-to-moment gut functions independent of input from the central nervous system. Enteric glia are interspersed with neurons throughout these intrinsic gut neural circuits and are thought to fulfill complex roles directed at maintaining homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment and at neuroeffector junctions in the gut. Changes to glial functions contribute to a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases, but the precise roles of enteric glia in gut physiology and pathophysiology are still under examination. This review summarizes current concepts regarding enteric glial development, diversity, and functions in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rediscovering and Unrediscovering Gregor Mendel: His Life, Times, and Intellectual Context.","authors":"Sander Gliboff","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041812","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two things about Mendel were \"rediscovered\" in 1900: His famous paper of 1865 and the story of his life and long neglect. Unlike the paper, which anyone could read in its entirety, the story came out only gradually, and many of its elements were misconstrued by Western European scientists. They pictured him as a pure scientist like themselves and were puzzled by or disinterested in his career as a clergyman, his intellectual community in far-off Moravia, and the importance to him of practical plant breeding. This paper recapitulates the process of mythmaking that followed the rediscovery, then shows how more recent historical research has been able to undo it and, in a sense, \"unrediscover\" Mendel.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical Forces in Regeneration of Cells and Tissues.","authors":"Sindy K Y Tang, Wallace F Marshall","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041527","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to regenerate after the loss of a part is a hallmark of living systems and occurs at both the tissue and organ scales, but also within individual cells. Regeneration entails many processes that are physical and mechanical in nature, including the closure of wounds, the repositioning of material from one place to another, and the restoration of symmetry following perturbations. However, we currently know far more about the genetics and molecular signaling pathways involved in regeneration, and there is a need to investigate the role of physical forces in the process. Here, we will provide an overview of how physical forces may play a role in wound healing and regeneration, in which we compare and contrast regenerative processes at the tissue and cell scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue Active Matter: Integrating Mechanics and Signaling into Dynamical Models.","authors":"David B Brückner, Edouard Hannezo","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041653","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of physical forces in the morphogenesis, homeostatic function, and pathological dysfunction of multicellular tissues is being increasingly characterized, both theoretically and experimentally. Analogies between biological systems and inert materials such as foams, gels, and liquid crystals have provided striking insights into the core design principles underlying multicellular organization. However, these connections can seem surprising given that a key feature of multicellular systems is their ability to constantly consume energy, providing an active origin for the forces that they produce. Key emerging questions are, therefore, to understand whether and how this activity grants tissues novel properties that do not have counterparts in classical materials, as well as their consequences for biological function. Here, we review recent discoveries at the intersection of active matter and tissue biology, with an emphasis on how modeling and experiments can be combined to understand the dynamics of multicellular systems. These approaches suggest that a number of key biological tissue-scale phenomena, such as morphogenetic shape changes, collective migration, or fate decisions, share unifying design principles that can be described by physical models of tissue active matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}