Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Contrast-enhanced Chest Ultrasound – Modern Achievements of Pulmonology in Bulgaria","authors":"T. Mihalova, Rosen Petkov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an innovative imaging method in pulmonology based on the intravenous administration of a contrast medium in the form of microspheres, and the subsequent detailed representation of the perfusion characteristics of the target tissues. The method allows the distinction between malignant and benign origin of a given pathological lesion. The purpose of the current article is to introduce to the scientific society the modern achievements of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the thorax in pulmonology in Bulgaria. We present twenty-seven clinical cases from the period 2017--2020, in which CEUS was applied at different stages of the diagnostic process. The results are compared with a previous survey conducted in Bulgaria in 2011.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Sleep Disordered Breathing in Three Distinct Neurological Diseases in the Bulgarian Population","authors":"Dimitar Taskov, Filip Alexiev, Petar Chipev, Milena Milanova","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common medical problem in the general population. Neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke (IS), myasthenia gravis (MG), or multiple sclerosis (MS) seem to be of higher risk of SDB. Nevertheless, the implementation of screening for SDB in such disorders has not been well studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore screening parameters for SDB in IS, MG and MS, in our region.\u0000We included prospectively patients with diagnosed IS, MG and MS. Psychometric tools such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the STOP-BANG, and the Berlin questionnaire were implemented. For the respiratory screening portable recording device was used.\u0000Seventy-two patients, 25 with IS (mean age 66.3 years), 24 with MG (mean age 47.9 years), and 23 with MS (mean age 40.1 years) were enrolled. Basic anthropometric parameters such as BMI, neck and waist circumference were higher in IS than in MG and MS ($$p<0.001$$). The ESS scores were 5.5±3.2 for IS, 5.6±3.3 for MG, and 5.9±4.5 for MS, but without significant difference between the groups. Contrariwise, STOP-BANG scores in IS were 4.8±1.3, significantly higher ($$p<0.0001$$) than both MG (2.1±1.4) and MS (1.2±0.9). A high risk for OSA in BQ was calculated in 68% of IS, much higher ($$p<0.0001$$) than in MG (33.3%) and in MS (13%). In the respiratory screening, the mean apnea-hypopnea index in the IS group (20±18.3) was statistically higher than in MG (8.1±12.7, $$p<0.005$$), and in MS patients (2.3±4.9, $$p<0.001$$). Oxygen desaturation index in IS (19.3±19) differed statistically from the one in MG (8.1±12.9, $$p<0.005$$), and in MS (2.6±5.5, $$p<0.001$$). The oxygen saturation (SO2) showed difference only between IS and MS in all three measured values – baseline SO2 ($$p<0.001$$), median SO2 ($$p<0.05$$) and lowest SO2 ($$p<0.05$$).\u0000IS, MG and MS, as distinct neurological entities, show different clinical profiles with respect to screening for SDB. These should be taken into consideration in the individual evaluation for sleep disordered breathing.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Low-Speed Marine Diesel Engine Parameters through Advanced 3D Visualization with Delaunay Triangulation","authors":"Dimitrichka Nikolaeva, Evgeni Nikolaev, Radostina Yankova, D. Veselinov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an algorithm for creating software leading to the optimization of the combustion process of marine engines. Parameters determining the Existing Ships Energy Efficiency Index (EEXI) related to ship type, capacity, and propulsion principle are considered. Test data on the characteristics of a two-stroke main engine, model HYUNDAI 6S60MC-C for six types of loads were used as the basis. To present the working field of the engine, the necessary calculations have been carried out and dependencies have been derived for the power and the specific fuel consumption as a function of the revolutions. The implementation includes the development of a small software program using Delaunay's triangulation algorithm to create 3D graphics, as well as Python libraries and methods.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodynamical Implications of Grafting Position Alteration in Engineered Mimics of Parkinson's Inhibitor MCoCP4","authors":"N. Ilieva, E. Lilkova, P. Petkov, Xubiao Peng, Yadi Cheng","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins are currently the fastest-growing class of new therapeutic compounds but smaller proteins and peptides are generally not suitable for use as drugs. Using cyclotides – special knotted proteins stabilized by three pairs of disulphide bonds – as a transport means by grafting onto them as a scaffolding the bioactive peptides can enhance their stability, cellular uptake, and overall efficacy. Experimental methods for creating peptide aptamers are highly time- and resources-consuming. In silico approaches may speed up this process by pre-selecting the drug candidates based on certain biodynamic criteria. In this study, we probe the hypothesis about a relation between the scaffolding conformational stability in conjunction with certain plasticity upon grafting of functionally important domains and the desired biological activity of the modified through the grafting process molecules.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear Phased Metamaterial Incorporated Patch Antenna Array at 28 GHz for 5G Base Stations","authors":"Kakumanu Raju, Arunachalam Kavitha","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a 1×6 linear phased antenna array implemented with metamaterial incorporated patch antennas for 5G base stations. The single element antenna was modelled on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate in the dimensions of 7.8×7.8×0.254 mm3 with metamaterial incorporated partial ground plane and complementary metamaterial incorporated patch. This metamaterial incorporated antenna structure is resonating in 22.03–33.55 GHz at central frequency of 28 GHz with 40% impedance bandwidth with respect to the –10 dB return losses. With aim to design a radiating structure for 5G base stations and in order to enhance the gain, a six element phased array was developed using the abovementioned single element antenna with inter element spacing 7.8 mm between the adjacent antenna elements. In the analysis of this phased array, we observed acceptable diversity parameters (isolation, ECC, DG, CCL, and MEG) and presented beam steering capabilities by changing the phase difference between the adjacent ports. The proposed six element phased array antenna is capable to steer the beam to ±43.5° and capable to cover 5G NR n-257, n-258 and n-261 bands with significant gain and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"16 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological Methods for Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring in Patients of Advanced Age with Epilepsy","authors":"Diana Betsinska, Pencho Kolev, R. Kuzmanova","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"Through the last decades the duration of life and the number of elderly people is rapidly growing. In this age group morbidity of epilepsy is increasing very fast. Neurophysiological methods play an important role in diagnostics, classification of the disease and the type of the seizures, and in treatment monitoring in the elderly with epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to establish the significance of neurophysiological methods for diagnostics and treatment monitoring, as well as their relation with particular clinical characteristics of the disease in elderly patients. The study group consisted of 297 consecutive patients with epilepsy (average age 69.25±5.00 years). The methods used were documentary analysis, an interview of clinical factors, EEG (basic and control), video-EEG and statistical methods. Patients with longer duration of the disease were with significant worse neurophysiological results, higher seizure frequency and more in number antiepileptic medications. Epilepsy in the elderly is a major and growing issue. The results of the study will be useful in diagnostics and treatment monitoring in this age group.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-to-date Epidemiology of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Bulgarian Patients: a Single Centre Experience","authors":"Christo P Pentchev, Mariya Petkova, Victor Alargkof, Yana Boyanova, Donika Todovichin, Aneta Ivanova, Assen Aleksiev, Krasimir Antonov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological data about chronic infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are limited in Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to determine the Viremic Rate and the distribution of HCV genotypes in one centre for diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver diseases. Geographic patterns of genotype distribution and associations of genotype with viral load, gender and age were investigated.\u0000Serum samples from 1731 individuals with a positive HCV Antibody Test, collected between 2016 and 2019, were analysed. HCV RNA levels were determined by HCV quantitative RNA real time polymerase chain reaction. Individuals with detectable HCV RNA further underwent HCV genotyping analysis using the Versant HCV Genotype Assay (LiPA) 2.0.\u0000The mean age of all patients was 52.9±15.3 (17–87). Among those, 54.1% were men and 45.9% women. Most patients came from the south-western region of Bulgaria (21.7%). Viral load was proven in 1385 out of 1731 individuals (VR=80%). Genotype 1 (G1) was the predominant genotype (89.8%), followed by G3 (8.5%), G2 (0.9%), G4 (0.6%) and G5 (0.1%). Among individuals with G1, infection with subtype 1b was seen in 77.4% and with subtype 1a in 22.6%. Viral load was not found to be dependent on age or gender. Viral load was higher in patients with G1 compared to G3 ($$p=0.001$$). Finally, patients with G1b were significantly older than patients with G1a ($$p<0.001$$) and G3 ($$p<0.001$$).\u0000VR in the studied population (80%) appears to be higher than the VR reported for Central Europe (73.3%). In Bulgaria, the most prevalent genotype is G1 (89.8%). This is a higher rate in comparison to the observed G1 rate in Central Europe (70%). The second most prevalent genotype is G3 (8.5%), with fewer cases identified than in Central Europe (21%).","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"2018 20-21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four Innovative Drone Interceptors","authors":"S. Zabunov, G. Mardirossian","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Recent innovations in unmanned aerial vehicles facilitate the availability of these sophisticated devices to almost all individuals, entities and companies anywhere in the world. The various benefits drones offer might be employed in both legal and illegal scenarios. Misuse of drones is only limited to one's imagination. Common plots encompass terrorist acts, smuggling of materials over borders, spying, etc. \u0000The advance of drone technologies asks for adequate and proportional anti-drone developments. \u0000This paper focuses on a few recent anti-drone inventions established during 2023 in Space Research and Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Four inventions of anti-drone interceptors are presented here. These devices are drones themselves. The inventions elaborate on the method of interception and neutralisation rather than on the  detection and tracking process. All four innovations are small in size, lightweight and can be carried in multiple numbers and launched by a single person. The interceptors might be reused for several launches.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1973 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Aluminium Nanostructures for 355 nm Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Coconut Milk","authors":"Petar Atanasov, Nikolay Nedyalkov, Anna Dikovska, Daniela Karashanova, Naoki Fukata, W. Jevasuwan","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Less than two decades ago aluminium plasmonics emerged and attracted great interest. Aluminium nanoparticles were produced on fused silica substrates by the direct picosecond laser deposition technique. The as prepared active substrates were used for the first time to 355 nm surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to detect coconut milk as a probe analyte. The µ-Raman spectrum was also applied for comparison and the transmission spectrum of the aluminium nanoparticles array was checked.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"27 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial Polyps and Submucous Myomas as a Cause of Infertility. Analysis of Post-hysteroscopic Resection Results","authors":"Valentin Ivanov, Constantsa Neykova, Sergei Slavov, Maria Iunakova, Nadya Magunska, Ivan Kostov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.02.13","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy and reproductive outcome after bipolar hysteroscopic resection of intrauterine polyps and submucous myomas in patients with infertility. \u0000A randomized clinical trial was conducted in a total of 181 patients with a history of intrauterine pathology and concomitant infertility problems of which 134 patients were diagnosed with an endometrial polyp and 47 – with a submucous intrauterine fibroid structure. Modern endoscopic methods were used to determine the perioperative and operative behaviour, such as diagnostic hysteroscopy with a 6-mm hysteroscope, as well as a hysteroscopic resection with a 9-mm hysteroscope. \u0000Successful pregnancy rate in the postoperative period was 62.4% as compared to the complete absence of successful pregnancies in the preoperative period. In the group of women with previously diagnosed submucous myomas, 74.4% of women conceived in the postoperative period as a result of the hysteroscopic procedure. As far as patients with a previously diagnosed endometrial polyp were concerned, successful pregnancies were accomplished in 60.4% of women. \u0000Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the elimination of existing intrauterine pathology, especially the one which leads to changes in the contour of the uterine cavity, significantly increases the chances of pregnancy in patients with previous infertility.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}