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Performance Analysis of Thirty-one Level Multilevel Inverter for Electric Vehicle Application 电动汽车应用中的三十一级多电平逆变器性能分析
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.08
75 Tome, No, Murugesan Manivel, Sivaranjani Subramani, Lakshmanan Palani, Bharani Prakash
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Thirty-one Level Multilevel Inverter for Electric Vehicle Application","authors":"75 Tome, No, Murugesan Manivel, Sivaranjani Subramani, Lakshmanan Palani, Bharani Prakash","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"This research provides a new architecture for reduced component count 31-level multilevel inverter (MLI). The suggested design uses four unequal DC sources and an H-bridge to provide a maximum 31-level output voltage. For applications using renewable energy, the topology designed for the 31-level can be employed. This lowers the system's total cost, number of components, and size. Higher level counts for lower total harmonic distortion (THD), however, dependability concerns are more significant than MLIs' many benefits. Total standing voltage (TSV), cost function (CF), and power loss are the various metrics that are examined for 31-level MLI. Experiments with different combinational loads and dynamic load fluctuations with sudden load disturbances are performed to assess the inverter's performance. The cost-effectiveness of the suggested MLI is demonstrated while comparing its TSV with the cost function against other topologies that have been recently published.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lateral Sinus Floor Elevation in Cases of an Intact and Perforated Schneiderian Membrane 完整和穿孔施奈德膜病例的侧窦底隆起
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.17
Khodor Fakih, Mariya Edreva, Biser Stoichkov, Yana Fakih
{"title":"Lateral Sinus Floor Elevation in Cases of an Intact and Perforated Schneiderian Membrane","authors":"Khodor Fakih, Mariya Edreva, Biser Stoichkov, Yana Fakih","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.17","url":null,"abstract":"The study comprised 20 lateral sinus floor elevation cases performed in 18 patients. During surgery, in four cases, a perforation of the Schneiderian membrane was detected. An attempt to suture the perforated membrane may increase the risk of enlarging the perforation. Therefore, we suggest a more conservative protocol be applied in all four cases where perforation occurred. The procedure consists of the 3-layer technique: an absorbable oxidized cellulose gauze moisturized with Dicynone was placed in this area. Under it, as a second layer, a PRF membrane is applied and then covered with a slow-resorbable collagen membrane. At that point, the surgery continues with the placement of the bone substitute material, and the sinus-lifting is finalized according to the selected protocol. \u0000The clinical studies demonstrate that the bone graft has a slower healing rate in areas with perforation, which is a proof of the osteogenic properties of the Schneiderian membrane. The cases described reveal that using this surgical protocol is risk-free and has a high success rate.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"29 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Nano-silicon Application on Salt Tolerance of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) 纳米硅应用对辣椒耐盐性的影响
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.18
S. Kusvuran, B. Cengil, Ferhat Mutlu
{"title":"Effect of Nano-silicon Application on Salt Tolerance of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"S. Kusvuran, B. Cengil, Ferhat Mutlu","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.18","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of nano-silicon (nSi) in increasing salt tolerance in pepper was investigated. Commercial varieties of Mızrak were used as material. To stress the plants, 4 salt doses, namely 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl, were used, and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mM doses of nSi were sprayed on the plants every seven days. Malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoid, and enzymatic activity were examined. NaCl treatment led to decreases in photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoid). NSi applications significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. However, MDA content was significantly decreased. The results support foliar application of nSi to increase the defense system of pepper, which enables it to tolerate the negative effects induced by salinity.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"14 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hepatoprotective Effect of Anvillea radiata Aqueous Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Injury in Rats Anvillea radiata 水提取物对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝损伤的保护作用
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.06
Amal Belakredar, F. Boudou, Narimane Taibi, K. Hachem, Yasmina Benabdesslem
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Anvillea radiata Aqueous Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Injury in Rats","authors":"Amal Belakredar, F. Boudou, Narimane Taibi, K. Hachem, Yasmina Benabdesslem","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective property of Anvillea radiata aqueous extract (AAE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups: the control group received no treatment; the second group received a 1 ml dose of CCl4 (30%) orally; the third received a 1 ml dose of CCl4 (30%) orally and AAE at a dosage of 40 mg per kilogram of body weight; the fourth group received AAE alone at the same dose. The results indicated that co-exposure to CCl4 and AAE significantly improved hepatic enzyme markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), compared to the CCl4-exposed group. Histological examinations demonstrated that AAE preserved the normal architecture of hepatocytes. In conclusion, Anvillea radiata exhibits notable hepatoprotective property against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical Soliton Perturbation with the Concatenation Model: Semi-inverse Variation 采用串联模型的光学孤子扰动：半逆变
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.02
Milisha Hart-Simmons, A. Biswas, Y. Yıldırım, S. Moshokoa, A. Dakova, A. Asiri
{"title":"Optical Soliton Perturbation with the Concatenation Model: Semi-inverse Variation","authors":"Milisha Hart-Simmons, A. Biswas, Y. Yıldırım, S. Moshokoa, A. Dakova, A. Asiri","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper retrieves bright 1-soliton solution to the perturbed concatenation model by the application of the semi-inverse variational principle. The perturbation terms are from inter-modal dispersion and self-steepening effect that is considered with maximum allowable intensity. The parameter constraints that naturally emerged from the integration scheme are enumerated.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"36 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Coincidence Theorem 关于巧合定理
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.01
R. Bakić
{"title":"On the Coincidence Theorem","authors":"R. Bakić","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"We are proving Coincidence theorem due to Walsh for the case when the total degree of a polynomial is less than the number of arguments. Also, the following result has been proven: if $$p(z)$$ is a complex polynomial of degree $$n$$, then closed disk D that contains at least $$n-1$$ of its zeros (counting multiplicity) contains at least $$left[frac{n-2k+1}{2} right]$$ zeros  of its $$k$$-th derivative, provided that the arithmetical mean of these zeros is also centre of D. We also prove a variation of the classical composition theorem due to Szegö.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"30 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antioxidant and Prooxidant Effects of Curcumin, Piperine and Semi-synthetic Amides with Antimycobacterial Activity on the Lipid Oxidation Process 姜黄素、胡椒碱和具有抗霉菌活性的半合成酰胺对脂质氧化过程的抗氧化和促氧化作用
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.03
Ivaylo Slavchev, Georgi Dobrikov, Svetlana Momchilova, Yanliang Ren, A. Slavova-Kazakova
{"title":"Antioxidant and Prooxidant Effects of Curcumin, Piperine and Semi-synthetic Amides with Antimycobacterial Activity on the Lipid Oxidation Process","authors":"Ivaylo Slavchev, Georgi Dobrikov, Svetlana Momchilova, Yanliang Ren, A. Slavova-Kazakova","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Free radical oxidation is considered an important factor in the treatment of tuberculosis. Drugs or treatments with antioxidants are reflected in the literature but the choice of those used for tuberculosis is quite limited. Selected natural and synthetic compounds (hybrid molecules consisting of fenchane scaffold and cinnamoyl like residues attached through amide bond), possessing antimycobacterial activity were studied for their capacity to accelerate or decelerate lipid oxidation process. Three of the compounds under study showed prooxidant activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the prooxidant activity of piperine under spontaneous autoxidation conditions. The presence of fenchane scaffold together with the 1,3-benzodioxole fragment, positively affects the activity but we can only speculate about the role of the amide part. Effect of equimolar binary mixtures with curcumin has also been studied. These new results may contribute to the search for efficient bio-antioxidant mixtures in the prevention and elimination of adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"34 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Contribution to the Late Holocene Vegetation History of the Northwestern Rila Mountain, Bulgaria: the Pollen Record of Lake Skakavitsa 对保加利亚里拉山西北部全新世晚期植被史的贡献：斯卡卡维察湖的花粉记录
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.05
M. Lazarova, S. Tonkov, D. Ivanov
{"title":"A Contribution to the Late Holocene Vegetation History of the Northwestern Rila Mountain, Bulgaria: the Pollen Record of Lake Skakavitsa","authors":"M. Lazarova, S. Tonkov, D. Ivanov","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen analysis was conducted on a Late Holocene sediment core obtained from the peaty shore of Lake Skakavitsa (2170 m) in the Northwestern Rila Mountain. The vegetation reconstruction supported by detailed radiocarbon chronology revealed new information about the forest development and human impact in the study area for the last 4000 years. Dense coniferous forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Pinus peuce and some Picea abies were distributed between 4000 and 3000 years ago and below them thrived isolated stands of Fagus. The subsequent transformations in the forest cover include the invasion of spruce in the coniferous belt between 2500 and 800 years ago and the enlargement of beech communities since 1500 years ago. Evidence of intensive human activities related to livestock-grazing and crop cultivation is registered for the last 700 years.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Dynamic Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Mechanism in IEEE 802.22 WRAN IEEE 802.22 WRAN 中的动态合作频谱感应机制分析
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.09
Jesu Bino, Pattammal Mohan
{"title":"Analysis of Dynamic Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Mechanism in IEEE 802.22 WRAN","authors":"Jesu Bino, Pattammal Mohan","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) utilizes the Cognitive Radio dynamic spectrum access technique in TV bands. When allocating available spectrum to Secondary Users (SUs), in the absence of Primary Users (PUs), it is essential to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) of SUs. The motivation behind this research is to devise a mechanism to ensure the QoS of SUs. The End to End delay (EED) experienced by SU through the devised mechanism need to be kept within the threshold suggested by WRAN standard. To achieve the above requirement, Dynamic Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (DCSS) is developed in this research. Two entities namely Spectrum Manager (SM) in Base Station (BS) and Spectrum Automation (SA) in SUs are engaged to realize them. They do the sensing of channel occupancy by the PUs. Further, a concept of Urgent Coexistence Situation (UCS) notification is issued by BS to indicate the re-arrival of PUs to SUs. The impact of modulation schemes, occurrence of PUs traffic on average EED is analysed. From the simulation results, the modulation scheme that provides average EED within the threshold as per IEEE 802.22 is identified, thereby ensuring the QoS of the SUs.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Assisted Autonomous Vehicle in an IoT Environment 物联网环境下的机器学习辅助自动驾驶汽车
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.7546/crabs.2024.03.10
Suma Jacob, Lijo Varghese, Jaisiva Selvaraj, Sathish Shanmugam
{"title":"Machine Learning Assisted Autonomous Vehicle in an IoT Environment","authors":"Suma Jacob, Lijo Varghese, Jaisiva Selvaraj, Sathish Shanmugam","doi":"10.7546/crabs.2024.03.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2024.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the design of a controlled autonomous vehicle intended to perform specific job functions for impaired people by integrating Machine learning technique in an IoT environment along with hand-controlled gestures. In this paper, a novel multi-control autonomous vehicle is specially designed to cater the needs of disabled patients and senior citizens. The operation of this vehicle is fully motorized and gesture-controlled which involves physical implementation of hardware device with software for integrating, coding, interfacing and testing. This Machine learning based autonomous vehicle is completely designed with sensors and interactive cameras controlled by a smart processor unit that can control the various tasks which are designed to perform for the physically impaired people.","PeriodicalId":104760,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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