Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in women with conisation.","authors":"Philipp Kapp, Christine Schmucker, Waldemar Siemens, Timo Brugger, Lea Gorenflo, Marianne Röbl-Mathieu, Kathrin Grummich, Eberhard Thörel, Mona Askar, Maria Brotons, Peter Henrik Andersen, Deborah Konopnicki, Judi Lynch, Simona Ruta, Liisa Saare, Beatrice Swennen, Ruth Tachezy, Anja Takla, Veronika Učakar, Simopekka Vänskä, Dace Zavadska, Karam Adel Ali, Kate Olsson, Thomas Harder, Joerg J Meerpohl","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD016121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, caused by persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types. While HPV infections usually resolve spontaneously, persistent infections with high-risk HPV types can progress to premalignant glandular or - mostly - squamous intraepithelial lesions, usually classified in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Women with CIN 2 and CIN 3 (i.e. high-grade CIN) typically undergo cervical conisation to remove precancerous cervical lesions. While conisation is effective, there is a risk of recurrence and progression to invasive cervical cancer. Additionally, women who have undergone conisation are at higher risk of HPV-associated anogenital precancerous lesions and cancers in other locations. HPV vaccination is an important measure to prevent HPV-related cancer. It is unclear to what extent HPV vaccination offers protection to women with conisation. Of note, the term 'with conisation' is interchangeably used for all time points of HPV vaccination relative to the conisation procedure for the purpose of this review.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the benefits and harms of HPV vaccination (given shortly before, at, or after conisation) in comparison to no HPV vaccination in women with conisation.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Clarivate Web of Science (May 2023). We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing studies.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSI) if they compared an HPV vaccine (nonavalent, quadrivalent, or bivalent) with no HPV vaccine, placebo, or other vaccines not directed against HPV in women of any age with conisation for treating precancerous lesions following HPV infection.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Critical outcomes: CIN 2+ (irrespective of HPV type and related to HPV 16/18), CIN 3+ (irrespective of HPV type and related to HPV 16/18), incident invasive cervical cancer (irrespective of HPV type and related to HPV 16/18), persistent HPV infection (irrespective of HPV type and related to HPV 16/18) and incident HPV infection (irrespective of HPV type and related to HPV 16/18).</p><p><strong>Risk of bias: </strong>We evaluated RCTs using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and NRSI using the 'Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions' tool (ROBINS-I).</p><p><strong>Synthesis methods: </strong>Two review authors independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We used random-effects meta-analyses for our primary analyses. We rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Included studies: </strong>The search identified 13 studies (2 RCTs, 11 NRSI), with 21,453 women with conisation. Studies were conducted in Europe (10), China (1), South Korea (1), and Iran (1), and published between 201","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"9 ","pages":"CD016121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth weight and prematurity for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prognostic review.","authors":"Ishanka Weerasekara, Lea Styrmisdóttir, Martin Ringsten, Nicola Orsini, Carol Mukiira, Shantanu Sharma, Michelle Fiander, Ola Andersson, Allan A Vaag, Peter M Nilsson, Matteo Bruschettini","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD016154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (prototype). The objectives are as follows: Primary objective To determine the prognostic value of birth weight (BW) and prematurity in predicting the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life (among adults, adolescents, and children) compared to normal BW and full-term birth. Secondary objectives To determine the prognostic value of BW and prematurity in predicting the incidence rates of diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy, later in life (among adults, adolescents, and children) compared to normal BW and full-term birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"9 ","pages":"CD016154"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bile acids for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in adults.","authors":"Rehab E Ashmawy, Oleg Blyuss, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Chavdar S Pavlov, Christian Gluud, Paola J Andrenacci","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD014850","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD014850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of oral bile acid-based therapies versus no intervention or placebo, or versus a different bile acid-based therapy, at any dose or regimen, in adults diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"9 ","pages":"CD014850"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological antiemetic prophylaxis and treatment for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) in patients treated for cancer pain and cancer-related breathlessness.","authors":"Jan Gaertner, Christian Appenzeller-Herzog, Vanessa Piechotta, Guido Schwarzer, Constanze Rémi, Katja Suter, Christopher Boehlke","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD016207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of pharmacological treatments given prophylactically or on-demand after onset of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) in people being treated for cancer pain or cancer dyspnoea, when compared to placebo or other pharmacological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD016207"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivery room oxygen titration strategies for resuscitation of preterm infants.","authors":"James X Sotiropoulos, Roger F Soll, Michelle Fiander, Matteo Bruschettini, Ju Lee Oei, Vishal Kapadia, Anna Lene Seidler","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016293","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD016293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Research objective 1: to assess the effects of different oxygen saturation targets for the delivery room resuscitation of preterm infants. Research objective 2: to assess the effects of different titration strategies for the delivery room resuscitation of preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD016293"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription of prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms after major lower limb amputation.","authors":"Natalie Vanicek, Chao Huang, Fiona C Davie-Smith, Cleveland T Barnett, Wieneke van Oorschot, Rene F van Ee, Cheriel J Hofstad","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of different prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms for improving health-related quality of life, functional, and biomechanical outcomes in adult prosthesis users after major lower limb amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD016076"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis during labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women planning vaginal birth.","authors":"Daichi Suzuki, Noyuri Yamaji, Etsuko Nishimura, Hitomi Suzuki, Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Md Obaidur Rahman, Maureen Makama, Joshua P Vogel, Erika Ota","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD016211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Maternal sepsis is the third leading cause of maternal mortality globally. However, the risk of maternal sepsis can be reduced by administering antibiotics prophylactically before infection occurs. Previous research has assessed the effects of azithromycin prophylaxis during pregnancy, but evidence is lacking on the effects of other types of antibiotics, and the potential for antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of antibiotic prophylaxis in women in labour after 28 weeks' gestation on the prevention of maternal and neonatal infections and mortality.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>We used CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, one other database, and two trial registries, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors to identify eligible studies. We did not restrict the search by publication type or language. The latest search date was 30 July 2024.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>We included randomised controlled trials involving pregnant women in labour after 28 gestational weeks, comparing any antibiotic prophylaxis with placebo or no treatment. We included trials of women anticipating a vaginal delivery, irrespective of baseline risk factors (unselected, lower-risk, or higher-risk), and without an indication for antibiotic prophylaxis in any care setting. We excluded trials that enroled only women with a planned caesarean section or a known bacterial infection (such as group B Streptococcus), and trials evaluating antibiotics for treatment rather than prevention.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Our key outcomes of interest, as presented in the summary of findings table, were: incidence of maternal sepsis, maternal mortality, neonatal sepsis, neonatal mortality, wound infection (perineal), adverse effects of antibiotics, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.</p><p><strong>Risk of bias: </strong>We used the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) to assess the risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Synthesis methods: </strong>We synthesised results for each outcome using random-effects meta-analysis in Review Manager. Meta-analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance method for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. We used a narrative synthesis following the SWiM (Synthesis Without Meta-analysis) reporting guideline for outcomes that could not be pooled statistically due to heterogeneity or limited data. We summarised key findings from individual studies descriptively and structured by outcome domain. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome.</p><p><strong>Included studies: </strong>We included four trials with 42,846 participants (21,501 in the intervention groups versus 21,345 in the control groups). All were individually randomised trials conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Three trials used a single oral dose of azithromycin in the intervention group,","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD016211"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FcRn inhibitors for myasthenia gravis.","authors":"Laura M White, Fiona J Clay, Anne-Marie Forbes, Ryan Yann Shern Keh, James B Lilleker, Jennifer Spillane, Karen Storms, Katherine C Dodd, Jon Sussman","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of FcRn inhibitors for the maintenance treatment of myasthenia gravis in adult participants compared with control treatment (placebo, standard-of-care therapy, an alternative FcRn inhibitor, or an alternative immunomodulatory therapy). We will evaluate the efficacy of the treatment by the effect on disease severity and functional impairment, as assessed using a measurement tool validated for use in myasthenia gravis. Where possible, we will assess whether the effects of FcRn inhibitors differ according to different participant subgroups or different treatment regimens, or both. These data will be used to inform policymakers on the participant subgroups most likely to benefit from treatment and the most efficacious treatment regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD016097"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppressants for IgG4-related disease.","authors":"Giovanni Cagnotto, Rebecka Teresia Bäcklund, Anders Bengtsson, Matteo Bruschettini","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of immunosuppressants with or without corticosteroids compared to corticosteroid monotherapy for the treatment of IgG4-related disease in people 18 years or older.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD016094"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clotting factor concentrates for preventing bleeding and bleeding-related complications in previously untreated or minimally treated children with hemophilia A or B.","authors":"Elham Razmpoosh, Omotola O Olasupo, Mihir Bhatt, Davide Matino, Alfonso Iorio","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD003429.pub5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003429.pub5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The hallmark of severe hemophilia is recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues with progressive joint damage. The effect of early adoption of prophylactic regimens in children with severe hemophilia, although a promising approach for preventing joint damage, is yet to be systematically reviewed. This review is an update of a previous review, which has now been split to focus on children before the onset of progressive joint damage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the benefits and harms of clotting factor concentrate prophylaxis in the management of previously untreated or minimally treated children with hemophilia A or B with no proven joint damage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Coagulopathies Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, trial registries, and handsearched relevant journals and reference lists of relevant articles. The last search for the Group's Coagulopathies Trials Register was 20 November 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating prophylactic use of factor concentrates in children with severe hemophilia A or hemophilia B not yet exposed or minimally exposed to clotting factor concentrates with no proven joint damage. Trials were eligible if they included children aged from birth to six years, and children aged over six years to 10 years if they had not received factor VIII/factor IX or showed no clinical or radiologic signs of arthropathy or target joints.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Two review authors independently assessed studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. The primary outcomes were annualized joint bleeding rates, joint function protection, and quality of life. The secondary outcomes included annualized overall bleeding rates, radiologic joint score, clotting factor usage, and adverse events. We used the Cochrane RoB 1 tool and a random-effects model in the meta-analyses, and assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;We included three studies with 126 assessed children with hemophilia A. The mean age at study entry ranged from 1.6 years to 7.9 years. Each study compared a clotting factor prophylaxis regimen with episodic treatment. No studies compared clotting factor concentrates with placebo or alternative prophylactic regimens. Clotting factor prophylaxis regimen compared to episodic treatment For the primary outcome of annualized joint bleeding rates, clotting factor prophylaxis may reduce joint bleeds compared to episodic treatment (mean difference (MD) -4.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.26 to -3.17; 3 trials, 126 participants; low-certainty evidence). Pooled analysis including two trials during four to seven years of follow-up showed 85.7% of children not having joint damage in the prophyl","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"8 ","pages":"CD003429"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}