Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Exercise interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults.","authors":"Peter W Stubbs, Poonam Mehta, Jeanette Trøstrup, Sietske J Tamminga, Siobhán M Stynes, Bart W Koes, Arianne P Verhagen","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD014643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD014643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of exercise interventions for work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS) in adults. The outcomes of interest are pain, function, work outcomes, adverse events, quality of life, healthcare use and injury recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD014643"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions for preventing diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome.","authors":"Aamer Imdad, John R Nelson, Emily E Tanner-Smith, Dongmei Huang, Oscar G Gomez-Duarte","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD012997.pub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012997.pub3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a common cause of acquired kidney failure in children and rarely in adults. The most important risk factor for the development of HUS is a gastrointestinal infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). This is an update of the Cochrane review published in 2021 and addresses the interventions aimed at secondary prevention of HUS in patients with diarrhoea who are infected with bacteria that increase the risk of HUS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the benefits and harms of interventions for secondary prevention of morbidity and death from diarrhoea-associated HUS in children and adults, compared to placebo or no treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies was searched up to January 2025 by the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Studies evaluating any intervention to prevent HUS following the development of high-risk diarrhoeal illness were included. These included interventions such as antibiotics, anti-Shiga toxin monoclonal antibodies, Shiga toxin binding protein (i.e. Synsorb Pk), bovine colostrum containing Shiga toxin antibodies, and aggressive hydration. The comparison groups included placebo and standard care. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs were considered eligible for inclusion. The participants of the studies were children and adults with diarrhoeal illnesses due to STEC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;We used standard methodological procedures as recommended by Cochrane. Summary estimates of effect were obtained using a random-effects model, and results were expressed as risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of HUS; secondary outcomes included kidney failure, need for acute kidney replacement therapy (KRT), need for prolonged dialysis, all-cause death, adverse events, need for blood product transfusions and neurological complications. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;For this 2025 update, no new studies were included. In the 2021 review, we identified four studies (536 participants) undertaken in three countries (Argentina, Canada, Germany) that investigated four different interventions, including antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), bovine colostrum containing Shiga toxin antibodies, Shiga toxin binding agent (Synsorb Pk: a silicon dioxide-based agent), and a monoclonal antibody against Shiga toxin (urtoxazumab). The ove","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD012997"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular thrombectomy with versus without intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke.","authors":"Michael Gottlieb, Jestin N Carlson, Jennifer Westrick, Gary D Peksa","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD015721.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015721.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Acute ischaemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Once diagnosed, treatment is generally limited to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), endovascular thrombectomy, or both. Intravenous thrombolysis has theoretical benefits (enhancing reperfusion, dissolving smaller thrombi) and harms (delaying time to endovascular intervention, allergic reaction, increased bleeding risk).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the effects of endovascular thrombectomy with IVT versus without IVT on functional independence (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) &lt; 3) within 90 days in people with acute ischaemic stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, the International HTA database, and two trial registries to November 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomised controlled trials of adults with acute ischaemic stroke who received endovascular therapy and were randomised to either intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 hours or a control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes: &lt;/strong&gt;Outcomes were: functional independence (mRS score &lt; 3), excellent functional outcome (mRS score &lt; 2), mortality, asymptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, successful revascularisation (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grades 2b to 3), and complete revascularisation (TICI grade 3 only), within 90 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk of bias: &lt;/strong&gt;We used the Cochrane RoB 2 tool to assess the following potential sources of bias for each outcome: bias arising from the randomisation process; bias due to deviations from intended interventions; bias due to missing outcome data; bias in measurement of the outcome; and bias in selection of the reported result.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We pooled outcome data using the random-effects model and performed meta-analyses using the Mantel-Haenszel method. We assessed the statistical heterogeneity of pooled data by visually inspecting forest plots to consider the direction and magnitude of effects, and used the Chi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test and I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistic to quantify the heterogeneity. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Included studies: &lt;/strong&gt;We included six studies, with a total of 2336 participants (1166 control and 1170 intervention). The mean age was 71 years. There were 1034 women and 1302 men. Four studies used alteplase 0.9 mg/kg, one study used alteplase 0.6 mg/kg, and one study used either alteplase 0.9 mg/kg or tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg. There were no important variations in the outcomes reported across studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis of results: &lt;/strong&gt;All six studies were at overall low risk of bias for each outcome. There was probably little to no difference in functional independence between the IVT and control groups (risk ratio (RR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 1.14; P = 0.62; 6","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD015721"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood transfusion strategies for major bleeding in trauma.","authors":"Susan J Brunskill, Arthur Disegna, Henna Wong, Jeremy Fabes, Michael Jr Desborough, Carolyn Dorée, Ross Davenport, Nicola Curry, Simon J Stanworth","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD012635.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012635.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Research shows that haemorrhage and trauma-induced coagulopathy are reversible components of traumatic injury, if identified and treated early. Lack of consensus on definitions and transfusion strategies hinders the translation of this evidence into clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of transfusion strategies started within 24 hours of traumatic injury in adults (aged 16 years and over) with major bleeding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, five other databases, and three trial registers were searched on 20 November 2023. We also checked reference lists of included studies to identify any additional studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults (aged 16 years and over) receiving blood products for the management of bleeding within 24 hours of traumatic injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;We used standard Cochrane methodology to perform the review and assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;We included 18 RCTs with 5041 participants. Comparison 1: Prehospital transfusion strategies Five studies compared use of plasma (fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or lyophilised plasma) versus 'standard of care'. We are uncertain of the effect of plasma on all-cause mortality at 24 hours (risk ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48 to 2.30; 3 studies, 279 participants; very low certainty evidence). There is probably no difference between plasma and standard of care in all-cause mortality at 30 days (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.17; 3 studies, 664 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). However, the results of one cluster-RCT that could not be included in our meta-analysis suggested that plasma may be associated with a lower risk of death at 30 days (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.70; 1 study, 481 participants; low-certainty evidence). There may be no difference between plasma and standard of care in the total number of thromboembolic events in 30 days (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.67 to.2.27; 4 studies, 586 participants; low-certainty evidence). Comparison 2: In-hospital transfusion strategies Ten studies evaluated this comparison, seven providing usable data. The studies evaluated cryoprecitate (three studies); fixed-ratio blood component transfusion (three studies); fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (one study); lyophilised plasma (one study); leucoreduced red blood cells (one study); and a restrictive transfusion strategy (one study). All-cause mortality at 24 hours For all-cause mortality at 24 hours, there is probably no difference between: • cryoprecipitate plus a major haemorrhage protocol (MHP) versus MHP alone (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.21; 1 study, 1577 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); and • blood products (plasma:platelets:red blood ","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD012635"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12019925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivery of intravenous anti-cancer therapy at home versus in hospital or community settings for adults with cancer.","authors":"Liesl Grobler, Denise O'Connor, Danny Rischin, Polina Putrik, Jonathan Karnon, Kobi J Rischin, Bayden J McKenzie, Noa Ben Ami, Rhiannon Whale, Rachelle Buchbinder","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD014861.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD014861.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Intravenous (IV) chemotherapy and immunotherapy are administered at frequent, regular intervals (weekly to four-weekly) for 4 to 24 months, with treatment sessions lasting between 20 minutes and several hours for adults with cancer. These treatments are usually given in chemotherapy day units in hospitals as same-day treatments. However, less complex anti-cancer therapy regimens may be administered in the participant's home.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the safety, patient preference for, and cost of IV (including subcutaneous) anti-cancer therapy (chemotherapy or immunotherapy) delivered at home as an alternative to the same IV anti-cancer therapy regimen delivered in a hospital or community setting in adults with cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO-ICTRP) from inception until 16 October 2024. We also searched PDQ Evidence and Epistemonikos for related systematic reviews. We screened reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomised parallel and cross-over trials, conducted in adults (aged 18 years and over) diagnosed with any type and stage of cancer requiring IV anti-cancer chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Eligible studies compared delivery of IV anti-cancer therapy at home with delivery of the same therapy in a hospital setting (as an inpatient or outpatient), or in the community setting (e.g. GP practice, community clinic). We included economic evaluation studies (i.e. cost-effectiveness analyses, cost-utility analyses, cost-benefit analyses) conducted alongside eligible effectiveness studies. Primary outcomes were adverse events, hospital inpatient admission and additional hospital attendance (e.g. emergency department visit) within 48 hours of administration of anti-cancer therapy, IV line complications, participant preference, and cost of delivering IV anti-cancer therapy from a healthcare system perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Two review authors selected studies for inclusion, extracted trial characteristics and numerical data, assessed risk of bias, and judged the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. The main comparison was delivery of IV anti-cancer therapy at home versus in a hospital outpatient clinic. The primary time points of interest for outcomes related to serious adverse events, complications and cost were those collected at the longest follow-up postintervention. For outcomes such as participant preference, participant quality of life, participant and caregiver satisfaction, and non-adherence to the treatment regimen, data collected at time points as soon as possible after the intervention were of primary interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main result","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD014861"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of infection in aortic or aortoiliac peripheral arterial reconstruction.","authors":"Mateus Ab Cristino, Luis Cu Nakano, Vladimir Vasconcelos, Rebeca M Correia, Ronald Lg Flumignan","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD015192.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015192.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from the narrowing of arteries. Aortic aneurysms - abnormal dilatations in artery walls - are a related concern. For severe cases, arterial reconstruction surgery is the treatment option. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a feared and common complication of vascular surgery. These infections have a significant global healthcare impact. Evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures is essential.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including antimicrobial therapy, antisepsis, and wound management, for the prevention of infection in people undergoing any open or hybrid aortic or aortoiliac peripheral arterial reconstruction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, LILACS, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 11 November 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a parallel (e.g. cluster or individual) or split-body design, and quasi-RCTs, which assessed any intervention to reduce or prevent infection following aortic or aortoiliac procedures for the treatment of aneurysm or PAD. There were no limitations regarding age and sex.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. Two review authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of the trials. A third review author resolved disagreements when necessary. We assessed the evidence certainty for key outcomes using GRADE.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;We included 21 RCTs with 4952 participants. Fifteen studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias in at least one domain, and 19 studies had an unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. We analysed 10 different comparisons for eight different outcomes. The comparisons were antibiotic versus placebo or no treatment; short-duration antibiotics (≤ 24 hours) versus long-duration antibiotics (&gt; 24 hours); different types of systemic antibiotics (one versus another); antibiotic-bonded implant versus standard implant; Dacron graft versus stretch polytetrafluoroethylene graft; prophylactic closed suction drainage versus undrained wound; individualised goal-directed therapy (IGDT) versus fluid therapy based on losses, standard haemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gas values (standard care); comprehensive geriatric assessment versus standard preoperative care; percutaneous versus open-access technique; and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) versus standard dressing. The primary outcomes were graft infection rate and SSI rate. The secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, arterial reconstruction failure rate, re-inter","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD015192"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entecavir for children and adults with chronic hepatitis B.","authors":"Jing Wu, Shitong Xie, Yanfang Ma, Xiaoning He, Xinyue Dong, Qianling Shi, Qi Wang, Meixuan Li, Naijuan Yao, Liang Yao","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD015536.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015536.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Chronic hepatitis B is a major worldwide public health concern. Entecavir, one nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy option, is recommended as the first-line drug for chronic hepatitis B in many clinical guidelines. However, none of the guideline recommendations are based on the findings of a systematic review with meta-analysis, where entecavir versus no treatment or placebo are compared directly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the benefits and harms of entecavir versus no treatment or placebo in children and adults with chronic hepatitis B, who are either hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive or HBeAg-negative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, three other databases, online trial registries, and reference lists, and contacted authors. The latest search was on 19 July 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomised clinical trials comparing entecavir versus no treatment or placebo in children or adults, or both, with chronic hepatitis B, and irrespective of treatment history with other antiviral drugs and other viral co-infections. We allowed co-interventions when administered equally to all intervention groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes: &lt;/strong&gt;The outcomes reported in this abstract and in the summary of findings table are all-cause mortality, health-related quality of life, and proportion of people with serious adverse events at the longest follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk of bias: &lt;/strong&gt;We used the Cochrane RoB 2 tool to assess risk of bias in the included trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used a random-effects model to meta-analyse outcome results, where possible, and presented the results as a risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Where there was considerable heterogeneity, we performed a narrative analysis. We used a fixed-effect model for sensitivity analysis. We used GRADE to evaluate the certainty of evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Included studies: &lt;/strong&gt;We included 22 randomised clinical trials (published from 2005 to 2022) with 2940 participants diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B. All trials had a parallel-group design. The experimental intervention was oral entecavir, with a follow-up duration of 5 weeks to 228 weeks. The comparator in 12 trials was no treatment, and in 10 trials was placebo. Fourteen trials equally administered co-interventions to the trial participants in the entecavir and no treatment and placebo groups. One trial included participants between 14 years and 55 years of age, one trial included only children, 19 trials included only adults, and one trial did not provide the age of participants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis of results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty trials contributed data to the quantitative analysis. Ten trials (1379 participants) reported all-cause mortality with a","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD015536"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture for procedural pain in newborn infants.","authors":"Rita Cabano, Haneen Al-Abdallat, Rawan Hamamreh, Greg Soll, Ju Lee Oei, Georg M Schmölzer, Matteo Bruschettini","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD015894.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015894.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Procedural pain management in newborns, particularly those in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), presents challenges due to limited safe and effective options. Acupuncture, a Traditional Chinese Medicine practice, has emerged as a potential alternative for pain relief in this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the benefits and harms of acupuncture in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, and clinical trial registries up to August 2023. We checked the references of included studies and related systematic reviews.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included parallel and cross-over randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture with no treatment or sham treatment; any non-pharmacological treatment; any pharmacological treatment; or one type of acupuncture compared to another type of acupuncture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes: &lt;/strong&gt;Our outcomes were: pain scores; harms; parental, family, and caregiver satisfaction with the intervention; use of additional pharmacological intervention for pain relief; episodes of bradycardia/apnea/desaturation; neonatal mortality; mortality during initial hospitalization; intraventricular hemorrhage; late-onset sepsis; duration of hospital stay; major neurodevelopmental disability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk of bias: &lt;/strong&gt;We used Cochrane's RoB 1 tool for RCTs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate risk ratios (RR) and risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD, when combining different pain scales) and standard deviation for continuous outcomes. We summarized the certainty of evidence according to the GRADE approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Included studies: &lt;/strong&gt;We included 11 RCTs enrolling 852 infants. Five studies compared acupuncture to no treatment or sham treatment; four studies to non-pharmacological treatment (oral sucrose or glucose); and two studies compared acupuncture to other types of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatments, which we refer to as 'type B acupuncture,' such as foot massage or reflexology. No studies compared acupuncture to any pharmacological treatment. We identified four ongoing studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis of results: &lt;/strong&gt;We have listed outcomes reported in at least one study. Acupuncture compared to no treatment or sham treatment Acupuncture may reduce pain assessed during the procedure with any validated scale compared to no intervention (SMD -0.56, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.37; 7 studies, 471 infants; low-certainty evidence). It may result in little to no difference in any harms compared to no intervention (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.31; 2 studies, 138 infants; low-certainty evidence). Acupuncture compared to any","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD015894"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Natalia Tiles-Sar, Johanna Neuser, Dominik de Sordi, Anne Baltes, Jan C Preiss, Gabriele Moser, Antje Timmer","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD006913.pub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006913.pub3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of suffering from psychological problems. The association is assumed to be bi-directional. Psychological treatment is expected to improve quality of life (QoL), psychological issues and, possibly, disease activity. Many trials have tested various psychotherapy approaches, often in combination with educational modules or relaxation techniques, with inconsistent results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the effects of psychological interventions on quality of life, emotional state and disease activity in persons of any age with IBD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched Web of Science Core Collection, KCI-Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, Psyndex, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and LILACS from inception to May 2023. We also searched trial registries and major gastroenterological and selected other IBD-related conferences from 2019 until 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions in children or adults with IBD compared to no therapy, sham (i.e. simulated intervention), or other active treatment, with a minimum follow-up time of two months, were eligible for inclusion, irrespective of publication status and language of publication. Interventions included psychotherapy and other non-pharmacological interventions addressing cognitive or emotional processing, patient education, or relaxation techniques to improve individual health status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Two raters independently extracted data and assessed the study quality using the Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes and relative risks (RR) for event data were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), based on separate random-effects models by age group, type of therapy and type of control. An SMD of 0.2 was considered a minimally relevant difference. SMD ≥ 0.4 was considered a moderate effect. Group analyses were planned to examine differential effects by type of IBD, disease activity, psychological comorbidity, therapy subtype, and treatment intensity. Statistical heterogeneity was determined by calculating the I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistic. Publication bias was assessed by presenting a funnel plot and calculating the Eggers Test. GRADE Profiling was used to describe the certainty of the evidence for relevant results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty-eight studies were eligible. Of these, 48 had results reported in sufficient detail for inclusion in the meta-analyses (6111 adults, 294 children and adolescents). Two trials were excluded from the meta-analysis following sensitivity analysis and tests for asymmetry because of implausible results. Most studies used multimodular approaches. The risk of bias was moderate for most outcomes, and high for so","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD006913"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12005078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Alaa Am Osman, Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Brenda Bongaerts, Neven Mohammed, Isaac K Njangiru, Juan Va Franco","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD015952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary objective To evaluate the relative benefits and harms of therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and their combination in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Secondary objectives To determine the relative rankings of GLP-1RA, SGLT2i, and their combination, according to their comparative efficacy for the critical outcomes identified in this review through a network meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD015952"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}