Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Weight-neutral interventions for people with obesity and the perspective of patients, carers and healthcare professionals: a mixed methods review.","authors":"Juan Va Franco, Jan Hindemit, Yang Guo, Brenda Bongaerts, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Rainer Peelen, Rasmus Køster-Rasmussen, Lene B Meyer, Jane Noyes, Ralph Möhler","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (prototype). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of weight-neutral interventions for managing obesity in children and adults (quantitative data). To explore the views, perspectives and experiences of children and adults receiving the intervention, their close family members or, if appropriate, carers, and healthcare personnel who recommend or deliver weight-neutral interventions to determine their feasibility and acceptability and any factors that create barriers and facilitators to optimal implementation (qualitative data). To determine whether the programme theories, components and delivery of interventions take account of the views, perspectives and experiences of intervention recipients and whether patient-centred interventions have greater effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"5 ","pages":"CD016107"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedation for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury in adults.","authors":"David R Williamson, Lindsay Dryden, Wei Cheng, Brian Hutton, Becky Skidmore, Sangeeta Mehta, Eyal Golan, Alexis F Turgeon, Neill Kj Adhikari, Louise Rose, Lisa Burry","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD012639.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012639.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of sedative, analgesic, and anaesthetic drugs on neurological outcomes in adults with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"5 ","pages":"CD012639"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.","authors":"Dyveke B Illum, Sidsel Cb Døssing, Maria Quistgaard, Mie S Jørgensen, Lise Møller, Donna Gillies, Magnus T Tang Kristensen, Sabrina Nestved, Julie Perrine Schaug, Christian Gluud, Pia Jeppesen, Ole Jakob Storebø","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD015983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects (i.e. benefits and harms) of psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"5 ","pages":"CD015983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin in cancer treatment.","authors":"Ze Yu Yu, Rong Yan Peng, Nuo Cheng, Rui Ting Wang, Meng Die Nan, Stefania Milazzo, Karen Pilkington, Dugald Seely, Markus Horneber, Jian Ping Liu","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD010145.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010145.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Preserving health-related quality of life is an aspect of care that requires constant attention from the time of cancer diagnosis. Melatonin has been used to diminish treatment-related side effects and cancer symptoms, and as a medication to regulate circadian rhythm. An up-to-date systematic review is needed to investigate the current evidence concerning possible beneficial effects of melatonin on quality of life and sleep in cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the benefits and harms of melatonin for preserving health-related quality of life and sleep in cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To identify studies for inclusion in this review, we used CENTRAL, MEDLINE, 10 other databases, and four trial registers, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors. The latest search date was 10 September 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eligibility criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults (18 years or over) with histologically proven cancer of any stage that evaluated melatonin (alone or in combination with standard anticancer treatment) versus no treatment or placebo (alone or in combination with standard anticancer treatment), or standard anticancer treatment. Standard anticancer treatment refers to treatments to stop or prevent cancer, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapies (such as androgen deprivation therapy).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcomes of interest were quality of life and sleep quality within three months, and melatonin-related adverse events. Other outcomes included survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, tumour response, and anticancer treatment-related harms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risk of bias: &lt;/strong&gt;We used Cochrane's risk of bias tool (RoB 1) to assess the risk of bias in the studies included in the review.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We synthesised results for each outcome using random-effects meta-analysis. The effect size was presented as risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). If this was not possible, due to the nature of the data, we synthesised results in a narrative format. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Included studies: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified 30 RCTs (reported in 49 publications) involving 5093 adult participants with cancer (2470 males, 2228 females, 395 not reported). Studies were conducted in a hospital setting and took place in at least 10 countries. We assessed two studies at low risk of bias and the other 28 at high risk of bias.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synthesis of results: &lt;/strong&gt;Melatonin plus standard treatment versus placebo plus standard treatment The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of melatonin on quality of life score (MD 2.60, 95% CI -14.53 to ","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD010145"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level factors affecting adolescent and youth engagement in HIV-research in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis.","authors":"Carmen Späth, Neetha Shagan Morar, Anja van der Westhuizen, Bey-Marrié Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (qualitative). The objectives are as follows: To explore the views and experiences of adolescents and youth who engaged with (i.e. were approached for participation) or participated in HIV research in low-and middle-income countries. To develop a logic model or visual representation that depicts the variety of factors affecting adolescent and youth engagement in HIV-related research, and how these factors potentially work together.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD016010"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.","authors":"Pietro Caliandro, Giuseppe La Torre, Roberto Padua, Fabio Giannini, Giuseppe Reale, Luca Padua","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD006839.pub5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006839.pub5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is the second most common entrapment neuropathy after carpal tunnel syndrome. Treatment may be conservative or surgical, but optimal management remains controversial. This is an update of a review first published in 2011 and previously updated in 2012 and 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine the effectiveness and safety of conservative and surgical treatment for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). We intended to test whether: - surgical treatment is effective in reducing symptoms and signs and in increasing nerve function; - conservative treatment is effective in reducing symptoms and signs and in increasing nerve function; - it is possible to identify the best treatment on the basis of clinical, neurophysiological, or nerve imaging assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to July 2022.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;The review included only randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs evaluating people with clinical symptoms suggesting the presence of UNE. We included trials evaluating all forms of surgical and conservative treatments. We considered studies regarding therapy of UNE with or without neurophysiological evidence of entrapment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Two review authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts of references retrieved from the searches and selected all potentially relevant studies. The review authors independently extracted data from included trials and assessed risk of bias. We contacted trial investigators for any missing information. The primary outcome was clinically relevant improvement in function compared to baseline. The secondary outcomes of interest were change in neurological impairment, change from baseline of the motor nerve conduction velocity across the elbow, change from baseline in the nerve diameter/cross-sectional area at the elbow, evaluated by ultrasound or MRI, change in quality of life and adverse events. We used GRADE methodology to assess the certainty of evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;We included 15 RCTs (970 participants), of which six studies were new for this update. Sequence generation was inadequate in one study and not described in six studies; other studies had a low risk of selection bias. We evaluated the clinical outcomes (3 trials, 261 participants) and neurophysiological outcomes (2 trials, 101 participants) of simple decompression versus decompression with submuscular or subcutaneous transposition. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of endoscopic versus open decompression surgery (2 trials, 99 participants). We found there was probably little t","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD006839"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher initial doses of surfactant for the prevention or treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.","authors":"Franciszek Borys, Greta Sibrecht, Aliyyah Mohammad Khuzaini, Michelle Fiander, Matteo Bruschettini, Roger F Soll","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of higher - compared with standard - initial doses of surfactant in high-risk preterm infants and preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD016180"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.","authors":"Yao Mun Choo, Ke Xin Yip, Michelle Fiander, Azanna Ahmad Kamar, Tengku Ain Kamalden, Kenneth Tan, Nai Ming Lai","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD012178.pub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012178.pub2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Lutein and zeaxanthin are nutrients with antioxidant properties found in the macula of the eye and brain tissue. They have been reported to play a role in reducing oxidative damage, especially in the eyes and possibly in other organ systems. Oxygen free radicals are one of the agents postulated to cause tissue damage in preterm infants, which leads to morbidities such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin may reduce oxidative damage, hence reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the effectiveness of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted searches up to 17 December 2024 in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and two trial registries. We also searched the reference lists of included studies, and related reviews and studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCT, cross-over trials, and quasi-RCTs that compared lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation against placebo or no supplementation for preterm infants less than 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were the incidence of any stage of ROP, incidence of ROP stage 3 and above, incidence of visual impairment, and mortality assessed throughout the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of IVH, incidence of NEC, and any reported adverse effects. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;We included five studies (666 preterm infants) that compared lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation versus control (placebo or no supplementation). All five studies were conducted in high-income countries (Italy and the USA). We did not find any studies comparing lutein or zeaxanthin separately versus placebo or no supplementation. Most of the studies had a low risk of bias in most key domains, such as allocation concealment and blinding. The evidence suggests that lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation probably has little or no effect on ROP (any stage) when comparing infants who received lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation with those who did not (risk ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.24; P = 0.53; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0%; 4 studies, 532 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation probably reduces the incidence of ROP stage 3 and above (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.81; P = 0.005; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0%; 4 studies, 532 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). No studies assessed the incidence of visual impairment. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation may have little or no effect on mortality assessed throughout the N","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD012178"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor maintenance therapy after stem cell transplantation for FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Po-Huang Chen, Hong-Jie Jhou, Cho-Hao Lee","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of FLT3 TKIs as maintenance therapy compared to no maintenance therapy or alternative strategies for participants with FLT3-mutated AML after allo-HSCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD016090"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for non-malignant gynaecological conditions.","authors":"Dimitrios Giannakidis, Anastasia Bagiasta, Manthia Papageorgakopoulou, Antonios Koutras, Ismini Tsakiri, Charalampos S Siristatidis, Michail Papapanou","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD016165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD016165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of perioperative ERAS protocols compared to traditional perioperative care for women undergoing surgery due to non-malignant gynaecological conditions and to review the availability and key findings of health economic evaluations of ERAS, summarising their principal conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10473,"journal":{"name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4 ","pages":"CD016165"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}