Clinical Oral Investigations最新文献

{"title":"Facial artery-based flap for oral and maxillofacial defects: a narrative review.","authors":"Qingyan Qin, Tianshu Chu, Yitong Zhao, Yongzhen Fu, Huihui Yang, Qilin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06219-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-025-06219-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects poses considerable challenges due to their complex nature. Surgeons often face difficulties in selecting the most appropriate flap for such repairs. The procedure involving vascularized free flaps typically requires prolonged procedural times and places significant demands on surgical teams. In specific cases, facial artery-based flaps serve as an effective alternative. This article discusses the current utilization and future prospects of facial artery-based flaps in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken to explore the anatomy of the facial artery and its associated structures, including muscles, glands, and nerves. The review encompasses various facial artery-derived flaps such as the submental island flap (SIF), facial artery flap (FAIF), nasolabial island flap (NAIF), facial artery myomucosal island flap (FAMMIF), and submandibular gland flap (SMGF).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The identified flaps were classified based on the branches of the facial artery, with a concise overview of their preparation methods. This article provides an in-depth discussion of the indications, contraindications, and recent advancements related to facial artery-based flaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Facial artery-based flaps are noted for their ease of elevation and versatility, making them valuable tools for addressing complex maxillofacial defects. Additionally, these flaps can be utilized in combination to form chimeric flaps, thereby expanding their application.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This article presents a diverse range of facial artery-based flaps, offering clinicians an enhanced selection of options for the effective repair of maxillofacial defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental recommendation and prescribing patterns for systemic analgesics - a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Diana Heimes, Nina Viktoria Holz, Andreas Pabst, Philipp Becker, Anke Hollinderbäumer, Anita Kloss-Brandstätter, Daniel Müller-Winter, Daniel Stephan, Peer W Kämmerer","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06403-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06403-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pain management is a significant challenge in dental care, making analgesics the most commonly prescribed drugs by dentists. Since many analgesics are available over the counter, data on their use in dental practice is imprecise. This study aimed to gather information on the prescription and recommendation patterns for systemic analgesics among dental practitioners.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1,746 dentists were contacted via email and letter and invited to participate in an online survey. The survey covered four sections: personal data, acute and chronic pain management, preemptive analgesia, and managing at-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>232 dentists participated in the survey. Ibuprofen, typically at 600 mg, was the most commonly recommended analgesic for both acute and chronic pain. For acute pain, analgesics were prescribed for 1-3 days on average. Two-thirds of respondents did not use preemptive analgesia, and of those who did, 96.56% recommended ibuprofen. Notably, in 22.16% of cases, contraindicated analgesics were recommended for patients with renal, liver, or cardiovascular conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analgesics recommended by dentists are limited in variety and often do not align with specific clinical indications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially ibuprofen, are commonly used long-term, despite conflicting recommendations. A significant number of dentists prescribed contraindicated medications to at-risk patients. Only one-third utilized preemptive analgesia, underscoring the need for improved education and greater use of this approach in dental practice.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>There is a clear need for enhanced training on analgesic use and preemptive analgesia to improve patient safety, particularly for those with risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 0.8% Hyaluronic Acid-Based Gel on Clinical and Biomolecular parameters in the surgical periodontal treatment of Stage III periodontitis patients: a randomized, split-mouth clinical trial.","authors":"Aslı Şener, Figen Öngöz Dede, Bahattin Avci, Umut Balli","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06449-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06449-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effect of the application of 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel together with open flap debridement (OFD) on clinical parameters and inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the patients with stage III periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This split-mouth study included 18 patients diagnosed with Stage III Grade B or C periodontitis. Quadrants were randomly assigned to test (OFD + 0.8% HA gel) and control groups (OFD alone). Clinical parameters and GCF samples were obtained at the treated sites at baseline (T0), at pre-surgery (T1), 1 month (T2) and 6 months (T3) post-surgery. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17 A, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in GCF were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lower GCF IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 A and TOS levels and higher GCF IL-10 and TAS levels were found after treatment (T1,T2,T3) compared to the T0 period in intragroup comparisons (P < 0.05). There were statistically significantly higher GCF IL-10 levels in the T2 and T3 periods and significantly lower GCF IL-17 A levels in the T3 period in the test group compared to the control group (P < 0.05), no significant difference was determined between the groups in GCF IL-6, IL-8, TAS and TOS levels during the time periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The local application of 0.8% HA gel with OFD provides to beneficial effect GCF IL-10 and IL-17 A levels in severe periodontitis patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The application of 0.8% HA gel addictive with OFD provides positive results in GCF IL-10 and IL-17 A levels in patients with Stage III periodontitis compared to OFD alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of a propolis toothpaste in patients with periodontitis under supportive periodontal therapy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.","authors":"Kazu Takeuchi-Hatanaka, Masahiro Ito, Yoshihiro Hayashi, Hiroe Maruyama, Hiroyuki Kono, Yuki Shinoda-Ito, Kazuhiro Omori, Shogo Takashiba","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06456-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06456-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of intraoral scans for presurgical orthopedic treatment of cleft lip and palate in infants: a prospective non-randomized comparative study.","authors":"Christiane Keil, Michaela Buckova, Sheila Keil, Louis Hartmann, Wilhelm Schlupp, Thomas Zerjatke, Theodosia Bartzela, Günter Lauer","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06444-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06444-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vivo study evaluated the reliability of digital impressions from intraoral scans compared to digital scans of plaster casts of the edentulous maxilla of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To compare and evaluate the dimensional accuracy of digital and conventional impressions, 52 infants with CLP were selected. Conventional plaster and digital impressions were taken from each patient before surgical closure of the lips and/or palate. Plaster casts were digitized using the intraoral scanner. Eight linear distances were measured and 3D superimpositions were performed. Pearson's correlation, mean difference and root mean square were calculated to compare the two impression methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the form of CLP, the IOS and the plaster casts correlated very well. The measured linear dimensions of the IOS were greater than those of the digitized plaster casts. Although the linear measurements showed differences of up to 0.89 mm, superimpositions showed that the two impression methods did not differ in a clinically relevant way.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No clinically relevant difference in accuracy was found between IOS and the plaster casts. When investigating the accuracy, 3D analysis should always be preferred to 2D analysis.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study confirms that IOS is a reliable and clinical valuable alternative for infants with CLP. IOS eliminates risks associated with traditional methods, providing a safer and more efficient workflow for PSIO. Despite minor differences in dimensional accuracy, these variations are clinically negligible and do not impact treatment planning or appliance fabrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cuspal deflection and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with different restorative material combinations.","authors":"Burak Kose, Soley Arslan","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06452-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-025-06452-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of restorations using varied materials and their combinations on cuspal deflection and fracture resistance of endodontically treated MOD cavitated maxillary premolars.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>168 premolar teeth were used in the study. The teeth were divided into 14 groups (12 teeth in each group) as Positive control (Group 1), Negative control (Group 2) and Test groups (Group 3-14). MOD cavities were prepared, and then endodontic treatments were performed on teeth in all groups except the positive control group. Group 1 was the Positive control (intact teeth), and Group 2 was the Negative control (only MOD cavity and endodontic treatment). In Groups 3-7 and Groups 9-13, EverX Posterior, SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable, G-aenial Universal Injectable, Biodentine, and Fuji II LC were used as the lower layer, respectively. In Groups 3-7, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative was used as the upper layer, while in Groups 9-13, Tetric N-Ceram was used. Group 8 was entirely restored with Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative and Group 14 with Tetric N-Ceram. Cusp deflection was measured. Fracture resistance testing was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within each group, there was a statistically significant decrease in cusp deflection change values at all measured time points (p < 0.05 In the comparison between the groups, cusp deflection change values ​​were found to be significantly higher at all times in the groups where EverX Posterior was applied as the lower layer and Tetric N-Ceram was the upper layer (p < 0.05). In the groups where Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative was used, differences were seen between the groups at all times (p < 0.05).Groups 4 and 5 exhibited fracture resistance similar to the positive control group (p > 0.05). In the comparison between the groups, a significant increase in fracture resistance was observed in the groups in which only EverX Posterior and SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable were applied as the lower layer and the upper layer was Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endodontically treated teeth may exhibit different cuspal deflections and fracture resistance when restored with different materials and combinations of these materials.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>When performing coronal restoration of an endodontically treated premolar teeth, it is recommended to select and use the appropriate restorative material, taking into account the position of the tooth in the mouth, cavity dimensions and the amount of material loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occlusion, jaw function and nocturnal muscle tone in obstructive sleep apnea with and without sleep bruxism.","authors":"Janine Sambale, Ulrich Koehler, Regina Conradt, Karl Kesper, Werner Cassel, Mikail Degerli, Christian Viniol, Heike Maria Korbmacher-Steiner","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06454-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06454-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sleep bruxism (SB) is highly prevalent among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), yet its etiology remains unclear. This prospective clinical trial aimed to evaluate the diagnostic relevance of occlusion, jaw function, and electromyographic (EMG) muscle tone in OSA patients with and without SB.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 105 OSA patients (74 males, 31 females; mean age: 56.1 ± 11.4 years) were assessed, including those with SB and without SB (NSB). Evaluations included occlusal parameters, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-20), and polysomnography with EMG muscle tone analysis. Descriptive statistics, inter-group comparisons, Spearman's correlation analyses, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in occlusal parameters were observed between the SB and NSB groups. However, SB patients exhibited significantly higher JFLS-20 scores compared to NSB patients (P = 0.002; mean global score: 20.79 ± 31.96 vs. 6.52 ± 9.70). EMG muscle tone showed significant correlations with JFLS mobility (P = 0.015) and overall jaw function (P = 0.046). ROC curve analysis for EMG muscle tone revealed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.911 (P < 0.001). An optimal cutoff value of 9.79 µV for EMG muscle tone demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 87.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EMG muscle tone may serve as a preliminary reference point for differentiating SB from NSB in OSA patients, whereas occlusion lacks diagnostic significance.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of incorporating functional assessments into the diagnostic workflow for SB in OSA patients. Therapeutic strategies should prioritize functional management rather than occlusal corrections.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the radiopacity of single-shade composite restorative materials using a digital radiography system.","authors":"Işıl Doğruer, Merve Kütük Ömeroğlu, Burak Gümüştaş","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06453-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06453-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Recently, single-shade universal composite resins have been introduced to the market to simplify restorative procedures. The inorganic structures of dental composites may influence several properties, including radiopacity. Radiopacity plays a crucial role in clinical dentistry as it enables the detection of recurrent caries, marginal defects, and restoration overhangs through radiographic examination. The aim of this investigation was to assess the mean gray value and compare the radiopacity of different single-shade composite resins using digital image analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seven single-shade universal composite resins (Omnichroma, Charisma Topaz One, Vitra Aps Unique, Admira Fusion x-tra universal, X-tra Fill, Essentia Universal and ZenChroma) and one multi-shade universal composite resin (Optishade) were used. The enamel-dentin segment, a typical aluminum (Al) step-wedge (1-10 mm), and the samples were placed on a phosphor imaging plate. For each image, the MGV and the standard deviation of the grey values for three different regions were calculated and the mean of these three values was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>mmAI measurements of the study groups were found to be statistically significant different (p < 0.05). The differences were found between Charisma one and Voco xtrafil groups and between Enamel, Dentin and Zenchroma groups. Also, differences were observed between Dentin and Vittra aps unq groups. The radiopacity values of all materials tested were found to meet the requirements of ISO.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is found that Glass particles containing composites have similar radiopacity as enamel due to their low atomic weight. Zirconium particles containing composites are more radiopaque than glass particles containing composites because of their higher atomic weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical performance of self-adhesive resin composite direct restorations in permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"João Felipe Besegato, Andrea Freire, Joissi Ferarri Zaniboni, Guilherme Loubet Melo, Aryvelto Miranda Silva","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06451-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-025-06451-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the clinical performance of direct restorations using conventional or bulk-fill resin composites (RC) with self-adhesive RCs in permanent teeth, regardless of cavity type or adhesive strategy employed. PICOS question was \"Do direct restorations using self-adhesive RC exhibit clinical performance comparable to that of conventional or bulk-fill RCs?\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Search strategy was applied across Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, Base, Google Scholar, and OpenGray databases on January 17th, 2024 and updated on May 5th, 2025. Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the clinical performance of direct restorations with self-adhesive RC compared to conventional or bulk-fill RC in permanent teeth were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. All analyses were performed using RevMan 5 with Risk Difference (RD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects models and the Mantel-Haenszel method were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1206 articles were identified. 12 studies (15 reports) were included in qualitative and quantitative analyzes. A total of 356 participants aged 6 to 79 years received 794 restorations, of which 396 were performed with conventional or bulk-fill RCs and 398 with self-adhesive RCs. The follow-up period ranged from immediately after restoration (baseline) to 60 months. Meta-analyses revealed that no significant differences were found between the RCs across all the evaluated outcomes: marginal staining (P ≥ 0.13), color stability (P ≥ 0.27), fracture/retention (P ≥ 0.45), and marginal adaptation (P ≥ 0.08) regardless of the follow-up periods. For wear, postoperative sensitivity, and recurrence of caries, erosion, or abrasion, effects estimates were not possible. From 12 included studies, 6 of them showed a high overall risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was considered low or very low across all the evaluated criteria mainly due to imprecision and risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The low certainty of evidence suggests that self-adhesive RC direct restorations demonstrate clinical performance similar to conventional or bulk-fill RCs across all cavity types over a follow-up period of 6 to 48 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent microbiome dynamics in orthodontic thermoplastic materials: comparing PETG and TPU.","authors":"Tianyi Gao, Jieyu Yun, Yage Zheng, Chuangchuang Mu, Bingjiao Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00784-025-06441-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00784-025-06441-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compares the effects of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) aligners on the oral microbiome and salivary pH during orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten participants wore TPU and PETG aligners for 24 h. At five time points (1 min, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h), saliva was collected for pH analysis, and microbial samples were taken from both aligner and supragingival plaque surfaces for 16S rRNA sequencing. Statistical analyses included repeated Measures ANOVA for pH, Kruskal-Wallis test for alpha diversity, PERMANOVA for beta diversity, and two-way ANOVA for microbial composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group PETG, salivary pH significantly decreased from T0 to T4 (p < 0.05). No significant changes in alpha or beta microbiota diversity were observed in either group. Microbial shifts in supragingival plaque microbiomes were detected at T8 in Group PETG, while in Group TPU, these changes became evident between T12 and T24. In aligner microbiomes, Group TPU showed significant reductions in Veillonella, Actinomyces, and Fusobacterium at T24 (p < 0.05). In contrast, Group PETG exhibited significant increases in Streptococcus from T4 to T24 (p < 0.05) and Fusobacterium from T0 to T4 (p < 0.05), followed by a decline from T4 to T24 (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PETG aligners caused significant reductions in salivary pH at T4 and triggered pronounced fluctuations at T8 in supragingival plaque microbiomes. TPU aligners caused a delayed decline in salivary pH between T8 and T12 and drove distinct structural shifts during prolonged wear from T12 to T24.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Material choice based on microbial impact highlights the need for personalized aligner materials and cleaning cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":10461,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Investigations","volume":"29 8","pages":"374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}