Clinical Kidney Journal最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children with immune kidney disease.","authors":"Jiao Liu, Shaoshan Liu, Yuxi Su","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the risk factors for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) after glucocorticoid (GC) therapy in children with immune kidney diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients (1-18 years) diagnosed with immune kidney disease treated with GCs from January 2012 to July 2022 in our hospital. Data, such as sex, age and body weight at the first GC treatment, and the GC dose, were collected. Patients were divided into SONFH and non-SONFH groups based on the occurrence of SONFH. According to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, the disease diagnosis was searched on the clinical data webpage of our hospital. The descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. A nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of SONFH in children with immune kidney disease after GC treatment. The predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index and calibration plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SONFH and non-SONFH groups included 18 and 90 patients, respectively. Age at first GC treatment, 6-month cumulative [oral (po) plus intravenous (iv)] GC dose, total cumulative prednisone (po) dose, total cumulative methylprednisolone (iv) dose for pulse therapy and total cumulative GC (po plus iv) dose significantly differed between the two groups. Age at the initial GC treatment, total cumulative prednisone (po) dose and total cumulative methylprednisolone (iv) dose for pulse therapy were independent risk factors for SONFH in the multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified specific risk factors for developing SONFH during GC treatment. Thus, children with immune kidney disease undergoing GC treatment should be monitored closely based on these risk factors, with the aim to avoid irreversible damage to the femoral head.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"sfaf011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in patients on peritoneal dialysis.","authors":"Xiao Xu, Nanzha Abi, Zhikai Yang, Tiantian Ma, Nan Zhang, Yingdong Zheng, Jie Dong","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, determining energy expenditure is essential for recommending energy intake in nutrition management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to develop and validate a resting energy expenditure (REE) equation for patients with PD and compare it to previously available REE equations in dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 200 patients with PD from two hospitals in Beijing, China. Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to derive a new REE equation (eREE-PD) based on actual REE (aREE) measured using indirect calorimetry (IC) in the development dataset. The eREE-PD value was then validated with aREE in the validation dataset and compared with values from existing equations obtained in general populations and those developed for chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients, in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bias, precision, and accuracy of the eREE-PD equation were significantly better than those of the Harris-Benedict, WHO, and Schofield equations (<i>P</i> < .005) and comparable to the Mifflin equation (<i>P</i> = .541 for bias, .988 for precision, and .359 for accuracy), with IC as the reference method. Either bias, precision or accuracy of the eREE-PD were significantly better than eREE-V, eREE-B_scr, and eREE-C_FFM equations significantly (<i>P</i> < .005) and similar to eREE-CKD, eREE-B_crp, and eREE-C_weighht equations (<i>P</i> > .05 for bias, precision, and accuracy). The bias, precision, and accuracy of the eREE-PD equation were consistent across subgroups categorized by hs-CRP levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The eREE-PD equation, based on age, sex, and weight data, may serve as a reliable and practical tool for estimating REE in patients with PD, aiding in individualized nutritional management. However, external validation in other populations is required to confirm its generalizability beyond the studied cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"sfaf004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and prognostic relevance of PLA2R epitopes in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a simultaneous quantitative multiplex suspension array detection method.","authors":"Juan Wu, Qingjuan Zhang, Yuanyuan Du, Tianyu Zheng, Juan Jin, Shangbin Kao, Xiumei Zhou, Yuan Qin, Xueqin Zhao, Qiang He, Fuzhou Yang, Biao Huang","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a multiplex suspension assay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of anti-cysteine-rich domain (anti-CysR)/C-type lectin domain 1 (CTLD1)/C-type lectin domain 6-8 (CTLD678)-immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in the serum samples of patients to evaluate the clinical application value of PLA2R epitope spreading in disease prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CysR, CTLD1 and CTLD678 antigen domains were coupled to three types of microspheres. The optimal dilution ratio of biotinylated anti-human IgG4 was identified, and a multiplex suspension assay was evaluated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, specificity and recovery rate. Lastly, the relationship between epitope spreading and the severity of idiopathic membranous nephropathy was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The content of all three epitopes could be detected simultaneously within 2 h. The intra-assay precision ranged from 4.74% to 9.48%, and the inter-assay precision was between 5.13% and 13.92%. Specific experiments showed that the human IgA antibody did not cause a cross-reaction. The recovery rates ranged between 90% and 100%. The cut-off values of epitopes CysR, CTLD1 and CTLD678 between healthy individuals and patients were 6.30, 12.38 and 10.06 Ru/mL, respectively. Among them, the positive rates of epitopes CysR, CTLD1 and CTLD678 were 100%, 34% and 75%, respectively. In addition, Group 3 (CTLD1 response) accounted for 73% of the 12 patients who were not in remission. Meanwhile, when the concentration of CTLD1 exceeds 42.76 Ru/mL, the patient's prognosis may be poorer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multiplex suspension assay was developed for the simultaneous quantitative detection of anti-CysR/CTLD1/CTLD678-IgG4 antibodies. The epitope migration sequence of PLA2R molecules during disease progression may not follow a simple linear rule. Among them, the epitope CTLD1 is likely to exert the most significant influence on patient remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"sfaf010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parathyroid gland volume and treatment resistance in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a 4-year retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Kazuhiko Kato, Akio Nakashima, Masamitsu Morishita, Ichiro Ohkido, Takashi Yokoo","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfae391","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfae391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of parathyroid gland (PTG) ultrasonography in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism after the introduction of calcimimetics remains unclear. Recent investigations have prompted renewed interest in the use of PTG ultrasonography for assessing treatment resistance to calcimimetics and determining the optimal timing for surgical intervention. This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that the PTG volume correlates with the calcimimetic dose.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively observed outpatients undergoing haemodialysis at baseline and a 4-year follow-up. PTG volume was measured using ultrasonography between January and December 2017 and January and December 2021. We examined the association between baseline PTG volume and calcimimetic doses after 4 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 121 patients {median age 64 years [interquartile range (IQR) 54-72]}, 71 had PTG nodules on ultrasonography and the median total PTG volume was 34 mm³ (IQR 0-178). In the short dialysis vintage group, baseline parathyroid hormone levels tended to correlate with baseline calcimimetic doses; however, this trend was not observed in the extended dialysis vintage group. Baseline PTG volume correlated with the cinacalcet-equivalent calcimimetic dose (correlation coefficient 0.46; <i>P</i> < .001) after 4 years. The calcimimetic dose in the group with an estimated PTG volume >500 mm³ was ≈80 mg/day higher than that in the non-PTG nodule group after 4 years. In multivariate linear regression analysis, PTG volume >500 mm³ was associated with a high calcimimetic dose at 4 years in all analysis models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Assessing PTG volume using ultrasonography may help predict high calcimimetic doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"sfae391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating the rising tide of kidney advocacy in Europe: the seminal role of the European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA).","authors":"Raymond Vanholder, Alicia Bé, Ilaria De Barbieri, Daniel Gallego, Monica Fontana, Marine Faure, Valerie Luyckx, Tom Oostrom, Eveline Scheres, Ole van Vredendaal, Norbert Lameire","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prevalent and fatal chronic diseases. However, the political attention CKD receives is not proportional to its significant human, economic and ecological burden. One major reason is the lack of awareness among the general population and policymakers. As a result, investment in the therapeutic approaches to CKD have largely remained inadequate, while existing therapies did not change for decades. To respond to the lack of awareness of CKD, several European and international kidney care societies, supported by national and regional organizations, founded the European Kidney Health Alliance (EKHA) in 2007. This Alliance is a Brussels-based advocacy organization representing people with kidney diseases and the kidney care community at the European Union level, and from there, also at the country level. EKHA's aim is to ensure that every candidate for kidney care, irrespective of stage of kidney disease, receives optimal and timely treatment, which is affordable at a societal and individual level. This publication reviews the European political landscape, EKHA's history, points of focus and tools for harnessing available data into advocacy on CKD. Areas discussed include prevention and screening of CKD, its health-economic and environmental impact, and the need to facilitate kidney transplantation and home dialysis. We also examine EKHA's specific approaches to enhance kidney care, its affordability and its sustainability. The EKHA model aims at forestalling the burden of CKD and its underestimated economic and ecologic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 3","pages":"sfaf005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CKD stage misclassification between estimated GFR and measured GFR in a clinical study of chronic kidney patients.","authors":"Richard B Dorshow, Martin P Debreczeny, Stuart L Goldstein","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"sfaf006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development and validation of a prediction model for post-AKI outcomes of pediatric inpatients.","authors":"Chao Zhang, Xiaohang Liu, Ruohua Yan, Xiaolu Nie, Yaguang Peng, Nan Zhou, Xiaoxia Peng","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized children. A post-AKI outcomes prediction model is important for the early detection of important clinical outcomes associated with AKI so that early management of pediatric AKI patients can be initiated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three retrospective cohorts were set up based on two pediatric hospitals in China, in which 8205 children suffered AKI during hospitalization. Two clinical outcomes were evaluated, i.e. hospital mortality and dialysis within 28 days after AKI occurrence. A Genetic Algorithm was used for feature selection, and a Random Forest model was built to predict clinical outcomes. Subsequently, a temporal validation set and an external validation set were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Finally, the stratification ability of the prediction model for the risk of mortality was compared with a commonly used mortality risk score, the pediatric critical illness score (PCIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prediction model performed well for the prediction of hospital mortality with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.854 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.816-0.888], and the AUROC was >0.850 for both temporal and external validation. For the prediction of dialysis, the AUROC was 0.889 (95% CI 0.871-0.906). In addition, the AUROC of the prediction model for hospital mortality was superior to that of PCIS (<i>P </i>< .0001 in both temporal and external validation).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new proposed post-AKI outcomes prediction model shows potential applicability in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"sfaf007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mission P(D)ossible: peritoneal dialysis in difficult cases.","authors":"Kijanosh Lehmann, Benjamin Reubke, Reinhard Wanninger, Manuela Lindgren, Tim R Glowka, Jan T Kielstein, Gabriele Eden","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfae403","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfae403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indications for peritoneal dialysis (PD) have undergone a paradigm shift in recent years. Medical barriers previously viewed as contraindications for PD such as anuria, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases or advanced age are increasingly re-examined. We learned that establishing a safe, functional and durable catheter access can be established even in patients with a variety of co-morbidities. Moreover, conditions that predispose to catheter-related infections and peritonitis are not as obvious as we thought. In this case-based review we present patients who have been performing PD for a long time and in whom PD might still be viewed unfeasible. The aim of the paper is to underline the importance of PD as a kidney replacement therapy with fewer medical limits than previously thought. It is also a plaidoyer for interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration. This 'Mission PD-possible' should be accompanied by a coordinated approach aligning policy, organizational structures and financial resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"sfae403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron management and exercise training in individuals with chronic kidney disease: lived experiences.","authors":"Courtney J Lightfoot, Sharlene A Greenwood, Elham Asgari, Debasish Banerjee, Sunil Bhandari, James O Burton, Philip A Kalra, Kieran McCafferty, Benjamin A Oliveira, Chante Reid, Pauline A Swift, David C Wheeler, Thomas J Wilkinson, Kate Bramham, Alice C Smith","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfae433","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfae433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-anaemic iron deficiency is highly prevalent in people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in earlier stages of CKD. A multicentre trial assessing the effect of intravenous iron supplementation in iron-deficiency but not anaemic people with CKD included a qualitative sub-study that aimed to explore the patient experience and psychosocial impact of living with CKD and iron deficiency, and the experience of the therapeutic intervention (intravenous iron and exercise).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 trial participants blinded to treatment. Topics explored included experiences of living with CKD and iron deficiency, symptoms, social and leisure activities, quality of life, and participants' views and experiences of receiving the therapeutic intervention. Thematic analysis was used to identify and report themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six overarching themes were identified: lack of awareness of iron deficiency; overwhelming feelings of tiredness; feeling limited; balancing emotions; perceptions and experiences of therapeutic treatment received; and impact of trial participation on life participation. Trial participation, specifically the exercise training, was perceived to be beneficial, with improvements in life participation and psychological wellbeing experienced. However, there were no clear differences between treatment groups, with mixed perceptions about which therapeutic treatment was received.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The impact of tiredness on individuals with CKD is profound and can result in reduced vitality, impaired ability to engage in life activities and emotional conflict. Improved communication and support about psychosocial impact and management of symptoms, particularly fatigue, for people with CKD may be required, alongside effective therapeutic interventions, to improve symptom management and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"sfae433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous amino acid for kidney protection: current understanding and future perspectives.","authors":"Yuki Kotani, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Alessandro Pruna, Rosario Losiggio, Susanna Cocozza, Lian Kah Ti, Nikola Bradic, Marco Comis, Giovanni Landoni, Rinaldo Bellomo","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfae409","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ckj/sfae409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill and perioperative patients and is associated with mortality, morbidity, medical costs, and progression to chronic kidney function. Unfortunately, despite numerous research efforts, until recently, there was no AKI preventive therapy supported by level 1 evidence. Among the several factors that contribute to renal damage, two of the major triggers of AKI development are renal hypoperfusion and renal medullary hypoxia. The intravenous administration of a mixture of amino acids promotes the prevention of AKI through multiple mechanisms: the recruitment of renal functional reserve, increased renal blood flow, and improvements in renal oxygenation. Such mechanisms of action led to increased glomerular filtration rate and urine output in preclinical and pilot clinical studies. To test if these benefits on physiological parameters could be translated into clinically meaningful outcomes, a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial was conducted in the cardiac surgery setting. Among 3511 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, intravenous amino acid administration, compared to placebo, significantly reduced the occurrence of AKI, providing the first level 1 evidence of an effective treatment for AKI prevention. In this review, we provide the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cardiac surgery-associated AKI and the concept of renal functional reserve. Then, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of intravenous amino acid infusion as a renoprotective strategy and its preclinical and clinical evidence. Finally, we discuss the existing evidence gaps and future directions of this promising intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10435,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Kidney Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"sfae409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}