Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"A Case of Pericarditis and Pericardial Masses Associated With Mycobacterium Paragordonae.","authors":"Rehman Jinah,&nbsp;Tammy Ryan,&nbsp;Matthew Sibbald","doi":"10.1177/11795468231189039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468231189039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis is a common cause of pericarditis worldwide and has been associated with pericardial masses. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are uncommonly associated with cardiac disease, having primarily been described in cases of endocarditis. Here we describe a case of an immunocompetent patient with Mycobacterium paragordonae infection causing pericarditis with a large effusion containing pericardial masses. The patient presented with chest pain, hypoxia and biochemical evidence of inflammation (CRP 216.1 mg/L). This report illustrates a rare case of pericarditis with pericardial masses associated with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the first example of pericarditis associated with M. paragordonae.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795468231189039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/ac/10.1177_11795468231189039.PMC10460162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Underpins Clinical, Social, and Genetic Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Emily Mewborn,&nbsp;Ansley Stanfill","doi":"10.1177/11795468231170779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468231170779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and is poorly predicted with current risk estimation tools. The biological mechanisms relating ASCVD risk factors to oxidative stress (OS) and how this accumulates ASCVD risk are misunderstood.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop a comprehensive conceptual model explaining how expanded clinical, social, and genetic ASCVD risk factors accumulate ASCVD risk through OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OS (primarily from excess reactive oxygen species) and inflammation are present along the entire ASCVD pathophysiologic continuum. An expanded list of clinical and social ASCVD risk factors (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, inflammatory diseases, substance use, poor nutrition, psychosocial stress, air pollution, race, and genetic ancestry) influence ASCVD largely through increased OS. Many risk factors exert a positive feedback mechanism to increase OS. One genetic risk factor, haptoglobin (Hp) genotype, is associated with higher ASCVD risk in diabetes and hypothesized to do the same in those with insulin resistance due to the Hp 2-2 genotype increasing OS.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Understanding the biological mechanisms of OS informs how these ASCVD risk factors relate to each other and compound ASCVD risk. Individualized ASCVD risk estimation should include a comprehensive, holistic perspective of risk factors to better address the clinical, social, and genetic influences of OS. Preventing and reducing OS is key to preventing ASCVD development or progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795468231170779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4f/ff/10.1177_11795468231170779.PMC10155032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences Define the Vulnerability to Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Anastasia V Poznyak,&nbsp;Vasiliy N Sukhorukov,&nbsp;Shuzhen Guo,&nbsp;Anton Y Postnov,&nbsp;Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.1177/11795468231189044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468231189044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For several decades, atherosclerosis has attracted the attention of researchers around the world. Even being a major cause of serious cardiovascular disease and events, atherosclerosis is still not fully understood. Despite the fact that the main players in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are well known, many mechanisms of their implementation and interactions remain unknown. The same can be said about the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Many of them are known, but exactly how they work remains to be seen. The main objective of this review is to summarize the latest data on sex as a biological variable in atherosclerosis in humans and animals; to determine what we do not still know about how sex affects the process of growth and complications of atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarized data on sex differences at 3 atherosclerotic aspects: inflammation, vascular remodeling, and plaque morphology. With all overviewed data, we came to the conclusion on the atheroprotective role of female sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"11795468231189044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/7a/10.1177_11795468231189044.PMC10387777.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a Machine-Learning-Adapted Algorithm to Identify Possible Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy at an Academic Medical Center.","authors":"Joshua D Mitchell,&nbsp;Daniel J Lenihan,&nbsp;Casey Reed,&nbsp;Ahsan Huda,&nbsp;Kim Nolen,&nbsp;Marianna Bruno,&nbsp;Thomas Kannampallil","doi":"10.1177/11795468221133608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221133608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a frequently under-recognized cause of heart failure (HF) in older patients. To improve identification of patients at risk for the disease, we initiated a pilot program in which 9 cardiac/non-cardiac phenotypes and 20 high-performing phenotype combinations predictive of wild-type ATTR-CM were operationalized in electronic health record (EHR) configurations at a large academic medical center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria were age >50 years and HF; exclusion criteria were end-stage renal disease and prior amyloidosis diagnoses. The different Epic EHR configurations investigated were a clinical decision support tool (Best Practice Advisory) and operational/analytical reports (Clarity™, Reporting Workbench™, and SlicerDicer); the different data sources employed were problem list, visit diagnosis, medical history, and billing transactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With Clarity, among 45 051 patients with HF, 4006 patients (8.9%) had ⩾1 phenotype combination associated with increased risk of wild-type ATTR-CM. Across all data sources, 2 phenotypes (cardiomegaly; osteoarthrosis) and 2 combinations (carpal tunnel syndrome + HF; atrial fibrillation + heart block + cardiomegaly + osteoarthrosis) generated the highest proportions of patients for wild-type ATTR-CM screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All EHR configurations tested were capable of operationalizing phenotypes or phenotype combinations to identify at-risk patients; the Clarity report was the most comprehensive.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"11795468221133608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/8d/10.1177_11795468221133608.PMC9663613.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40478963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study.","authors":"Alexander Moore, Max Bell","doi":"10.1177/11795468221133611","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468221133611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We wanted to assess if \"Explainable AI\" in the form of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) could outperform traditional logistic regression in predicting myocardial infarction (MI) in a large cohort. Two machine learning methods, XGBoost and logistic regression, were compared in predicting risk of MI. The UK Biobank is a population-based prospective cohort including 502 506 volunteers with active consent, aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment from 2006 to 2010. These subjects were followed until end of 2019 and the primary outcome was myocardial infarction. Both models were trained using 90% of the cohort. The remaining 10% was used as a test set. Both models were equally precise, but the regression model classified more of the healthy class correctly. XGBoost was more accurate in identifying individuals who later suffered a myocardial infarction. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) scores are class size invariant. In this metric XGBoost outperformed the logistic regression model, with ROC scores of 0.86 (accuracy 0.75 (CI ±0.00379) and 0.77 (accuracy 0.77 (CI ± 0.00369) respectively. Secondly, we demonstrate how SHAPley values can be used to visualize and interpret the predictions made by XGBoost models, both for the cohort test set and for individuals. The XGBoost machine learning model shows very promising results in evaluating risk of MI in a large and diverse population. This model can be used, and visualized, both for individual assessments and in larger cohorts. The predictions made by the XGBoost models, points toward a future where \"Explainable AI\" may help to bridge the gap between medicine and data science.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"11795468221133611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9647306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9400278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'A Missed Therapeutic Opportunity? SGLT-2 Inhibitor Use in General Medicine Patients With Heart Failure: A Retrospective Audit of Admissions to a Tertiary Health Service'.","authors":"Padeepa Perera,&nbsp;Ronan O'Donnabhain,&nbsp;Timothy Fazio,&nbsp;Douglas Johnson,&nbsp;Peter Lange","doi":"10.1177/11795468221133607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221133607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I's) are novel oral hypoglycaemic agents, with proven decreased MACE and re-hospitalisation risk in type 2 diabetic patients with concomitant heart failure. This study aimed to assess the current practice in the use of SGLT2-I's in general medical units at a large metropolitan health service.</p><p><strong>Methods/results: </strong>A retrospective audit was conducted of patients admitted to general medicine over a 12 month period (between April 2018 and 2019). Inclusion criteria included decompensated heart failure of any aetiology and ejection fraction, and type 2 diabetes mellitus with an HbA1c ⩾ 7 within 6 months of the admission period. A total of 150 admissions fulfilled criteria. Baseline demographics and comorbidities identified an older, more comorbid population than reference trials. These included age (75% over 75 years), smoking history (46%), hypertension (83%), chronic kidney disease grade IV or V (26%), previous myocardial infarction (57%), stroke (18%), atrial fibrillation (55%) and known left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% (38%). Co-prescribed medications included ACE-I/ARB (53%), beta-blocker (67%), loop diuretic (87%), thiazide (7%), MRA (31%), insulin (57%), metformin (47%), sulphonylurea (31%), DPP-4 Inhibitor (21%), GLP-1 analogue (6%) and 15% of patients had an HbA1c > 10. There was a significant difference between patients in our study eligible for and prescribed metformin (66/111) compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors (4/25) (<i>P</i> = .013). A total of 26 patients had readmissions within 28 days, of which one had been discharged on an SGLT2-I.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study identified significant under prescribing of SGLT2-I's in eligible type 2 diabetic patients with heart failure admitted under general medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"11795468221133607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/2a/10.1177_11795468221133607.PMC9623351.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40664025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterotaxy Syndrome with Polysplenia, Fused Adrenal Glands, and Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Abid M Sadiq,&nbsp;Adnan M Sadiq","doi":"10.1177/11795468221116851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221116851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterotaxy syndrome is a rare congenital heart disease with a disarrangement of the heart and abdominal organs. We present a young African female with features of heart failure, diffuse irregular cardiac murmurs, and palpable, tender epigastric mass. A chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) identified heterotaxy syndrome with left isomerism and fused adrenal glands. This case highlights the feature of fused adrenal glands in a patient with polysplenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"11795468221116851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/ed/10.1177_11795468221116851.PMC9520153.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40391110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypertension in Ghana: Analysis of an Awareness and Screening Campaign in 2019.","authors":"Elliot Koranteng Tannor,&nbsp;Obed Ofori Nyarko,&nbsp;Yaw Adu-Boakye,&nbsp;Saabea Owusu Konadu,&nbsp;Gilda Opoku,&nbsp;Frank Ankobea-Kokroe,&nbsp;Mercy Opare-Addo,&nbsp;Lambert Tetteh Appiah,&nbsp;Evans Xorse Amuzu,&nbsp;Gilgal Justice Ansah,&nbsp;Kate Appiah-Boateng,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ofori,&nbsp;Daniel Ansong","doi":"10.1177/11795468221120092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221120092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension is an important public health menace globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of hypertension is on the rise in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) such as Ghana. This rise led to the adoption of the May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative, a global blood pressure screening campaign. We aimed to create awareness and present the findings of the 2019 MMM screening campaign in the Ashanti region of Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ghana was 1 of 92 countries that participated in this global community-based cross-sectional study in May 2019. Participants (⩾18 years) were recruited by opportunistic sampling. The blood pressures of participants were measured 3 times and the mean of the last 2 was used for the analysis. Summary statistics were used to describe the data. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We screened 3080 participants with a mean age of 39.8 ± 16.8 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 27.3% among participants. Two-thirds of the hypertensives were unaware of their condition and only 49.5% of participants with a history of hypertension on medication were controlled. Predictors of hypertension in a multiple logistic regression were increasing age (OR = 1.05 (CI 1.04-1.06), <i>P</i> < .001) and high body mass index (OR = 1.06 (1.02-1.10), <i>P</i> = .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MMM initiative is highly commendable and of huge public health importance in LMICs like Ghana. Population-based health programs such as the MMM initiative is encouraged to shape appropriate public health policies to reduce the prevalence of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"11795468221120092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/1b/10.1177_11795468221120092.PMC9434666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40346274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasoactive Biomarkers in Patients With Vasovagal Syncope During Head-Up Tilt Test: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Cláudia Madeira Miranda,&nbsp;Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da Silva,&nbsp;Vanessa Peruhybe-Magalhães,&nbsp;Josep Brugada","doi":"10.1177/11795468221116848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221116848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common cause of syncope. Some stages of its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and endothelin (ET) may be involved during acute orthostatic stress.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze plasma changes in NOx and ET and heart rate variability (HRV) in the supine positions (T1) and during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) (T2), in patients with VVS (case group) and control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven patients (17 in the case group and 20 in the control group), matched for age and sex (mean aged 31.8 years) underwent HUTT with simultaneous HRV recording and venipuncture. Blood samples were collected during phases T1 and T2 and the analysis was performed without knowledge of the HUTT result.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the total sample, there was an increase in NOx values (<i>P</i> = .014), however there was no increase in ET values from phase T1 to phase T2. Patients with VVS tended to increase plasma NOx values (<i>P</i> = .057) and had significantly higher plasma values compared to ET (<i>P</i> = .033) between phases T1 to T2. In the control group, there was no significant change in the values of these vasoactive substances. Regarding HRV, there were a decrease in the component HF (high frequency) and increased of the LF (low frequency)/HF ratio during HUTT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was an increase in ET during HUTT occurred only in the case group. These patients are more likely to have an imbalance between antagonistic vasoactive biomarkers during orthostatic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"11795468221116848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/ec/10.1177_11795468221116848.PMC9421056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40334635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, Feasibility and Economic Analysis of Same Day Discharge Following Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Kais Hyasat,&nbsp;Giuseppe Femia,&nbsp;Karam Alzuhairi,&nbsp;Andrew Ha,&nbsp;Joseph Kamand,&nbsp;Edmund Hasche,&nbsp;Rohan Rajaratnam,&nbsp;Sidney Lo,&nbsp;Hamid Almafragy,&nbsp;Kevin Liou,&nbsp;Joseph Chiha,&nbsp;Kaleab Asrress","doi":"10.1177/11795468221116852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795468221116852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has made the possibility of facilitating same day discharge (SDD) of patients undergoing intervention. We sought to investigate the feasibility, safety and economic impact of such a service.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected data on all patients undergoing outpatient PCI at our institution over a 12-month period. We included in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE), vascular complications, acute kidney injury and any re-hospitalisations. We analysed the cost effectiveness of SDD compared to overnight admission post PCI and staged PCI following diagnostic angiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 147 patients undergoing PCI with 129 patients deemed suitable for SDD (88%). Mean age was 65.7 years. Most patients had type C lesions (60.3%); including 4 chronic total occlusions (CTOs). At 30-day follow-up there were no MACE events (0%). There were 10 (7.8%) re-hospitalisations of which majority (70%) were non cardiac presentations. We also included cost analysis for an elective PCI with SDD, which equated to $2090 per patient (total of $269 610 for cohort). Elective PCI with an overnight admission was $4440 per patient (total of $572 760 for cohort), an additional $2350 per patient (total $303 150). Total cost of an angiogram followed by a staged PCI with an overnight stay was $4700 per patient (total $606 300).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDD is safe and feasible in the majority of patients that have elective coronary angiography that require PCI. SDD leads to a significant reduction in total cost and hospital stay of patients undergoing elective PCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"11795468221116852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/24/10.1177_11795468221116852.PMC9421009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40334633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}