Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Two Sides of Triglycerides in Atherogenesis: An Essential Contributor.","authors":"Anastasia V Poznyak, Sergey Kozlov, Gulalek A Babayeva, Vasily N Sukhorukov, Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.1177/11795468241291640","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468241291640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is chronic arterial wall damage, which often results in cardiovascular disease development. Since atherosclerosis is almost asymptomatic, it is difficult to detect this condition, but it is even more difficult to deal with the consequences. The reasons for the development of atherosclerosis are still not completely clear, but the mechanisms involved in atherogenesis are known. Among them, lipid metabolism alterations, oxidative stress, as well as impaired mitochondrial function take pride of place. In our review, we want to dwell in more detail on such a component as lipid metabolism disorders. In particular, triglycerides, their levels, and influence on the development of the disease. Triglycerides provide the second-largest source of energy. In the context of atherosclerosis, the question arises, is an increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood a cause, a biomarker, or a consequence of the processes accompanying atherogenesis?</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468241291640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Prognostic Impact of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in the Analysis of Whole-Heart Myocardial Mechanics and Morphometry: Prospective CMR-Based Study.","authors":"Karolina Melinyte-Ankudavice, Gabriele Jakuskaite, Gryte Galnaitiene, Gabriele Darge, Egle Ereminiene, Gintare Sakalyte, Jurgita Plisiene, Renaldas Jurkevicius","doi":"10.1177/11795468251369240","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251369240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) remains a significant part of heart failure (HF) origin, requiring more detailed investigation of the whole heart. This study aimed to examine the commonly used biomarkers in clinical practice and their relationship with early alterations in whole-heart myocardial mechanics and morphometry in patients with NIDCM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective single-center study, 98 patients (mean age 49.5 ± 10.1 years; 69.4% male) were included in the final sample during the first phase, when the diagnosis of NIDCM was made. After 1 year, 42 patients were evaluated during the second follow-up phase. The cardiac magnetic resonance was used to analyze whole-heart myocardial mechanics and morphometry. Biomarkers (troponin I, C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), brain natriuretic peptide, suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and neutrophil to lymphocyte were assessed at the time of the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strongest correlations were observed between hs-CRP levels and left atrial (LA) global longitudinal strain (GLS) changes after 1 year (<i>r</i> = -.659, <i>P</i> < .001). It was revealed that the cut-off value of 3.6 mg/l of hs-CRP can prognosticate to find a reduced LA GLS with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 87% (AUC, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.65-1.008; <i>P</i> < .001).Other biomarkers had weaker associations with myocardial mechanics and morphometry; relationships were established only with left heart parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In NIDCM patients, the main biomarkers of HF are related to early changes in left-heart myocardial mechanics and morphometrics. The strongest relationship was between the initial levels of hs-CRP and early changes in LA GLS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251369240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies in Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Literature Review.","authors":"Omar Almur, Baraa Emran, Fathi Milhem, Qutayba Z Ayaseh, Abdelfattah M Dahmas, Maram M Abukhalil, Sakeena Saife, Mohammad Bdair, Ayesha Younas, Haroun Neiroukh, Anas Odeh, Sarah Saife, Orabi Hajjeh, Ahmad Mohammad, Karol B Haddad, Anas I M Abu Zahra, Saleh Hamza, Abdalhakim Shubietah","doi":"10.1177/11795468251361209","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251361209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CAD and AF are 2 of the major cardiovascular challenges worldwide, often coexisting and complicating management strategies. PCI has revolutionized the treatment of CAD, reducing mortality and improving recovery. At the same time, AF increases the risk of stroke, thus requiring anticoagulation. The combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies in patients undergoing PCI is challenging because of increased bleeding risks. This literature review explores the controversies surrounding dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) and triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT), evaluating their efficacy and safety in mitigating thrombotic and hemorrhagic risks. Key clinical trials and guidelines advocate the use of DAT, especially in patients at high bleeding risk, underlining its role in reducing complications without compromising ischemic protection. Furthermore, advances in stent technologies, personalized medicine tools, and pharmacogenomics have further refined treatment strategies toward tailored approaches. Despite these developments, the optimal duration of therapy remains debated, as do patient selection and the need to balance ischemic and bleeding risks, particularly in complex patients.This review underscores the need for an individualized, evidence-based approach to optimize outcomes and inform future guidelines in managing this high-risk population. Emerging therapies and real-world evidence-such as trials investigating Factor XI inhibitors and bioresorbable scaffolds-are promising, aiming to reduce bleeding risk and improve long-term outcomes in patients with CAD and AF. Additionally, newer DOACs are being evaluated for improved efficacy and safety profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251361209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperpolarized-MRI in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ali Malik, Sukruth Pradeep Kundur, Sanjay Sivalokanathan","doi":"10.1177/11795468251369234","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251369234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetically inherited cardiac disorder that presents with diverse clinical phenotypes. It is associated with significant adverse outcomes, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Current gold-standard diagnostic methods include echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. These imaging modalities are the cornerstone in identifying structural abnormalities and aiding risk stratification. However, they fail to capture the preceding cellular and metabolic disturbances that underpin disease progression. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI) is an emerging imaging technique that enables non-invasive and non-ionizing visualization of metabolic pathways. HP-MRI enhances the signal of metabolites like [1-¹³C]pyruvate, providing insights into metabolic pathways. Alterations in the metabolic pathways of cardiomyocytes are central to HCM pathophysiology. HP-MRI may be able to delineate the metabolic consequences of sarcomere mutations and distinguish HCM from phenocopies such as glycogen storage disorders or cardiac amyloidosis. More importantly, it has the potential to detect early metabolic shifts and thus play a role in early diagnosis, personalized risk stratification, and monitoring therapeutic response. Although still in experimental stages with technical challenges, HP-MRI has demonstrated considerable potential in preclinical and small-scale studies, exhibiting effectiveness in the diagnosis and monitoring of malignancies across a substantial number of investigations. Further research focusing on larger cohorts and integrating HP-MRI with traditional cardiovascular imaging may pave the way for its clinical use, as well as risk stratification, in HCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251369234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Exposure of Dams to a High Salt Diet Impaired Vascular Function and Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation in the Offspring.","authors":"Ahmed Kolade Oloyo, Santan Modokpe Olley, Esther Ngozi Ohihoin, Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare, Khadijah Bolanle Ismail-Badmus, Esther Udo Asamudo, Olusoga Adekunle Sofola","doi":"10.1177/11795468251358906","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251358906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The heritability of salt-sensitive hypertension and the heightened susceptibility of offspring to maternal perinatal high salt diet (HSD) indicate that hypertension may originate early in life. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure of dams to HSD will increase inflammation, impair vascular function and elevate blood pressure (BP) in the adult offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pregnant rats were fed a normal (0.3%) or high (8%) salt diet during pregnancy and the offspring from each group were weaned at 4 weeks of age and placed on normal salt diet (NSD) for 12 weeks. BP measurement, vascular reactivity studies, and ELISA assay for C-reactive proteins (CRP), Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were carried out. Data were analyzed using student <i>t</i>-test. The significance level was set at <i>P</i>-values ⩽.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The offspring of dams exposed to perinatal HSD exhibited elevated BP parameters compared to those from dams on NSD. Although the maximum contractile response to noradrenaline was similar in both groups (<i>P</i> > .05), the maximum relaxation response to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in offspring of HSD-exposed dams (<i>P</i> < .01), indicating impaired endothelial function. Furthermore, perinatal HSD led to increased levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the offspring, indicating heightened systemic and vascular inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this study show that maternal perinatal HSD increased biomarkers of inflammation, impaired endothelial function and elevated BP in the adult offspring. These findings suggest maternal perinatal consumption of high dietary salt renders the offspring more susceptible to hypertension in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251358906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of Simultaneous Pacing Left Anterior/Posterior Fascicular Areas Combined with Atrioventricular Node Ablation in a Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patient with Heart Failure: A Case Report.","authors":"Bingchen Guo, Yanzong Liu, Jian Xu, Huimin Xian, Xiaohan Lin, Guoqing Du, Bo Yu, Shufeng Li, Wenjuan Du","doi":"10.1177/11795468251358335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251358335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 50-year-old male had intermittent episodes of dyspnea for 7 days with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) for 2 years. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class is IV status. The echocardiographic evaluation (Philps EPIQ 7C, S5-1 probe, 1.0-5.0 MHz) was performed showing a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 48% (measured by the Simpson biplane method). His-Purkinje conduction system pacing (HPCSP) may enhance electrical resynchronization as well as the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) who require resynchronization therapy (CRT). The use of left anterior fascicular areas pacing/left posterior fascicular areas pacing (LAFAP/LPFAP) may offer a significant advantage in patients for whom both biventricular pacing (BVP) and His bundle pacing (HBP) have not delivered substantial therapeutic benefits. In this study, we optimized electrical resynchronization by combining the concept of fused simultaneous pacing of LAFA/LPFA with an atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) in a patient with HF and atrial fibrillation (AF). The maximal electrical resynchronization presented better hemodynamic and demonstrated comparable clinical and echocardiographic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251358335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asundexian: A Friend or a Foe for Atrial Fibrillation?","authors":"Mohammad Waqas Danish, Abdul Rehman Shahid Khan, Luqman Bashir, Muhammad Usman Haider, Hasibullah Aminpoor, Qasim Mehmood, Hasiba Karimi","doi":"10.1177/11795468251356310","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251356310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251356310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Reducing Cardiovascular and Renal Mortality, Morbidity and Inflammatory Outcomes in Various Patient Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 92 920 Patients.","authors":"Syed Hamza Haider, Areeka Irfan, Samir Mustafa Sheikh, Muhammad Omar Larik, Alishba Raza, Yumna Khabir","doi":"10.1177/11795468251347777","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251347777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors on cardiovascular, renal, dyslipidemia, and inflammatory markers has not been analyzed simultaneously. The goal is to determine if SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce cardiovascular and renal mortality, and improve these health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were used to conduct a comprehensive literature search from inception to September 2023. Randomized control trials with follow-up for at least 8 weeks, with a group taking SGLT2 inhibitors being compared with a group taking either placebo or other medication, in which cardiovascular outcomes, renal outcomes, lipid biomarkers, and inflammatory markers were reported as the primary outcomes were included. The statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager with a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies comprising 92 920 patients were analyzed for several outcomes. The analysis revealed a significant reduction in overall mortality, death due to heart failure, cardiovascular causes, and renal causes in the SGLT2 inhibitor group as compared to placebo. Pooled results also revealed a significant reduction in the frequency of renal replacement therapy and renal composite endpoint in patients on SGLT2 inhibitors. There was also a significant reduction in IL-6, TNF-a, systolic blood pressure in the same group. On the other hand, Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD), lipid profile, and the incidence of amputations and fractures showed no significant associated SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis indicates that diabetics and non-diabetics suffering from cardiovascular and renal diseases experience a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality from SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, leading to a better prognosis of such conditions in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251347777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Left Atrial Reservoir Function During Sinus Rhythm Can Discriminate Between a History of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and its Absence.","authors":"Jiří Plášek, Valeria Skopelidou, Jan Strakoš, Diana Drieniková, Martin Ráchela, Jiří Pudich, Jiří Vrtal, Miroslav Homza, Jan Václavík","doi":"10.1177/11795468251333624","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251333624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and can lead in the long-term to atrial remodelling. Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography allows evaluation of left atrial function and the magnitude of remodelling processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Echocardiography loops were collected between December 2021 and December 2022. Only valid atrial loops with sinus rhythm during examination were included. The Spearman test was used to establish correlation matrices of left atrial parameters, with uni-, multivariate and binary logistic regression to predict the presence or absence of AF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 116 patients (50% females) aged 76.9 ± 11.2 years were included in the analysis. Males and females differed in anthropometric and other clinical parameters. Intra- and interobserver variability was 1.12% and 1.85%, respectively. 2D and 3D left atrial volumes correlated significantly (<i>r</i> = .8, <i>P</i><.0001). Almost all left atrium strain measurements uni- and multivariately predicted the presence of AF, binary logistic regression model identified 2 independent parameters, left atrial longitudinal strain reservoir (LASr, <i>P</i> = .042) and LAS conduit phase (<i>P</i> = .044). LASr was significantly greater in patients without a history of AF than in patient with a history of AF (16 ± 16 and 10.5 ± 7.1, respectively; <i>P</i> = .012). LASr was able to discriminate between a history of paroxysmal AF and its absence with 72% specificity and 68% sensitivity with a cut-off value of 14% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.62-0.82, <i>P</i> < .0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three-dimensional left atrial reservoir function can differentiate patients with paroxysmal AF from patients without a history of this arrhythmia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251333624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Evaluation of Hypertension Awareness and Knowledge Among Underserved Bateyes in the Dominican Republic.","authors":"Dang Nguyen, Ryan Shargo, Nityanand Jain, Yusuf Qureshi, Lovepriya Suthaharan, Ramez M Odat, Cameron Sabet, Miyaz Ansari, Hamzah Khuddus, Phat K Huynh, Michael J Diaz, Reginald Kerolle, Ernest Kissi Kontor, Lindy G Davidson","doi":"10.1177/11795468251350224","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795468251350224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, hypertension rates are rising, particularly in low-income nations where access to healthcare and education remains limited. In the Dominican Republic, marginalized Haitian migrant communities, known as Bateyes, face disproportionate burdens. However, limited information exists on their understanding of hypertension and related health risks. This program-based evaluation aimed to explore community knowledge as part of ongoing outreach efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive analysis of responses from 379 adults across three Bateyes in the Puerto Plata region. Participants completed a 15-item hypertension knowledge questionnaire during a routine mobile medical screening program (December 2022-January 2023) coordinated by the Kerolle Initiative. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify knowledge patterns and explore associations with community differences and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average BP values were 133/84 mmHg for males and 125/84 mmHg for females, with 27% of respondents meeting the clinical threshold for hypertension. Knowledge levels varied with 44% of participants having insufficient knowledge, and only one participant demonstrating adequate knowledge. Knowledge was associated with education level and household income. Poor awareness of basic concepts emerged as a key driver of variation across Bateyes. Cluster analysis revealed three knowledge patterns: (1) awareness shaped by lived experience of hypertension; (2) gaps due to common misconceptions; and (3) protective behaviors likely influenced by broader public messaging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from our educational outreach program evaluation suggest variable hypertension awareness across Batey communities. These observations highlight key areas for tailoring future community-centered health education efforts to the local needs of Bateyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10419,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology","volume":"19 ","pages":"11795468251350224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}