Clinical Pulmonary Medicine最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Systemic sclerosis associated myopathy: how to treat. 系统性硬化症相关肌病:如何治疗?
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40674-023-00206-y
A Selva-O'Callaghan, A Guillen-Del-Castillo, A Gil-Vila, E Trallero-Araguás, A Matas-García, J C Milisenda, I Pinal-Fernández, C Simeón-Aznar
{"title":"Systemic sclerosis associated myopathy: how to treat.","authors":"A Selva-O'Callaghan, A Guillen-Del-Castillo, A Gil-Vila, E Trallero-Araguás, A Matas-García, J C Milisenda, I Pinal-Fernández, C Simeón-Aznar","doi":"10.1007/s40674-023-00206-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40674-023-00206-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and myositis are two different entities that may coexist as an overlap syndrome. Immunological biomarkers such as anti-PM/Scl or anti-Ku reinforce the syndrome. This review is focused on the treatment of different and characteristic manifestations of this syndrome.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Among the different phenotypes of muscle involvement in patients with SSc, the fibrotic pattern and the sporadic inclusion body myositis must be identified early to avoid a futile immunosuppressive treatment. Other forms such as dermatomyositis, non-specific myositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy need to receive conventional immunosuppressive therapy considering that high dose of glucocorticoids may induce a scleroderma renal crisis in patients with SSc. Physicians must be aware of the existence of a \"double trouble\" association of hereditary myopathy with an autoimmune phenomenon. Several autoantibodies, mainly anti-PM/Scl and anti-Ku may help to define specific phenotypes with characteristic clinical manifestations that need a more specific therapy. Vasculopathy is one of the underlying mechanisms that link SSc and myositis. Recent advances in this topic are reviewed.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current treatment of SSc associated myopathy must be tailored to specific organs involved. Identifying the specific clinical, pathological, and immunological phenotypes may help to take the correct therapeutic decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"151-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83693155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Axillary lymphadenopathy in a high-risk breast screening patient following the COVID-19 vaccine: a diagnostic conundrum. 一名接种 COVID-19 疫苗后接受乳腺筛查的高危患者出现腋窝淋巴结病:诊断难题。
IF 0.6
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2022-03-09 eCollection Date: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20210063
Besma Musaddaq, Adam Brown, Sam Dluzewski, Teresa Marafioti, Anmol Malhotra
{"title":"Axillary lymphadenopathy in a high-risk breast screening patient following the COVID-19 vaccine: a diagnostic conundrum.","authors":"Besma Musaddaq, Adam Brown, Sam Dluzewski, Teresa Marafioti, Anmol Malhotra","doi":"10.1259/bjrcr.20210063","DOIUrl":"10.1259/bjrcr.20210063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of COVID-19 vaccines have been approved worldwide to help tackle the pandemic. As with many vaccines, this causes a reactive axillary lymphadenopathy which can mimic potentially metastatic disease in a breast screening patient. It is therefore important to be aware of this side-effect of the vaccination when evaluating the axilla in a breast screening patient. We present a case of biopsy-proven unilateral reactive axillary lymphadenopathy in a high risk BRCA carrier following administration of the Astra Zeneca vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"20210063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77533642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corticosteroids for COVID-19-Associated ARDS 皮质类固醇治疗COVID-19相关ARDS
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/cpm.0000000000000381
M. Marmor, A. Jonas
{"title":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19-Associated ARDS","authors":"M. Marmor, A. Jonas","doi":"10.1097/cpm.0000000000000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000381","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic corticosteroids have emerged as a possible therapy to mitigate lung injury in severe COVID-19 infection Here, we provide historical context for corticosteroid administration in acute respiratory failure due to viral infection and review existing data for the use of systemic corticosteroids for SARS-CoV-2 infection The results of these limited data consistently suggest a mortality benefit for patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome with no existing evidence to suggest harm © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins All rights reserved","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"165-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47351069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Complex Relationship Between Poor Sleep Quality and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 睡眠质量差与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的复杂关系
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/CPM.0000000000000384
Nicholas Hogan, A. Cypro, A. Malhotra
{"title":"The Complex Relationship Between Poor Sleep Quality and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"Nicholas Hogan, A. Cypro, A. Malhotra","doi":"10.1097/CPM.0000000000000384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CPM.0000000000000384","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep-related symptoms are prevalent among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The disease process often manifests with nocturnal respiratory symptoms. Long-acting antimuscarinic medications improve nocturnal COPD symptoms, though their effect on sleep quality requires further investigation. Those with COPD often suffer from comorbidities that negatively impact sleep, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Sleep quality is also predictive of COPD exacerbations. Patients with concurrent COPD and OSA suffer from overlap syndrome (OVS), characterized by a synergistic effect on poor health outcomes. The intersection of COPD and OSA offers the clinical pulmonary audience a useful lens for ongoing basic, clinical, and translational research. Patients with OVS experience higher mortality compared with either COPD or OSA alone. This observation is attributable to the compound effect each condition has on adverse cardiovascular events. A complex interplay exists between COPD, sleep symptoms, and OSA. COPD appears to influence important nonanatomical contributors to OSA. The presence of underlying COPD makes the definitive diagnosis of OSA a challenge. Chronic noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the backbone of therapy for OVS, OSA, and hypercarbic COPD. NIV is additionally a well-established treatment for acute COPD exacerbations and emerging research demonstrates that NIV decreases mortality and hospitalizations in patients with hypercarbic COPD. Clinicians often need to individualize therapeutic interventions for patients with COPD, OSA, and OVS, balancing the benefits and adverse effects of such interventions. NIV can have unwanted impact on the quality of life for some patients with COPD. Certain medications used for COPD, such as corticosteroids, have adverse effects on sleep quality. Future therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the sleep symptoms and health outcomes of patients suffering from COPD and OVS.","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"168 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42949382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and the Role of Lung Biopsy 超敏性肺炎的诊断及肺活检的作用
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/CPM.0000000000000385
E. Seixas, P. Serra, R. Aguiar, Margarida Ferreira, P. Ferreira
{"title":"The Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and the Role of Lung Biopsy","authors":"E. Seixas, P. Serra, R. Aguiar, Margarida Ferreira, P. Ferreira","doi":"10.1097/CPM.0000000000000385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CPM.0000000000000385","url":null,"abstract":"Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) refers to a collective noun of diffuse lung diseases encompassing some degree of bronchiolar and interstitial granulomatous inflammation that results from persistent inhalation exposure and consequent immune sensitization to a large potential diversity of (predominantly) organic antigens in predisposed individuals. In suspected cases of HP, forceps transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) has been traditionally performed on a case-by-case basis along with bronchoalveolar lavage. This option has been subject to some debate and its use is more restrained in the presence of a chronic fibrotic form of HP—where surgical lung biopsy is classically recommended in the face of the need for a more reliable differentiation from fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. We intended to assess the diagnostic contribution of conventional TBLB in the combined multidisciplinary diagnosis of an HP patient cohort. A retrospective evaluation of all the diagnostic elements and level of confidence from all HP cases followed in an interstitial lung disease ILD outpatient clinic of a district hospital center (Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga), from June 2015 to August 2019, and simultaneously evaluated in a multidisciplinary team discussion of the same hospital, comprising an interstitial lung disease dedicated lung physician, a chest radiologist, 2 rheumatologists, and a pathologist. We identified 78 patients (mean age: 70.5 y, interquartile range: 58.5 to 78.0) with a slight female predominance. Most of the patients (61.5%) had chronic/fibrotic HP. The most frequently identified inducing antigens were avian antigens in 59.0% of cases, followed by molds in 20.5%. Of the 72 patients who underwent bronchofibroscopy, 36.1% (n=26) conventional TBLB performed, predominantly in the segments of the right lower lobe with an average number of 3.9 biopsies (SD±1.4) accomplished per patient. In 50.0% of the cases submitted to TBLB, the biopsies showed representative material with histologic features (definite or supportive) which had some degree of contribution for the diagnostic discussion. Among the patients where TBLBs were not performed or whose results were found to be devoid of significant findings, 73.1% were still diagnosed as HP without the need for surgical video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy/transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (VATS/TBLCB) on the grounds of other diagnostic elements; 15.4% of patients were diagnosed with HP after a VATS/TBLCB procedure. Lastly, around 11.5% of patients were considered to have an unacceptable risk for VATS/TBLCB but, on the basis of clinical, radiologic, and immunologic elements received a multidisciplinary provisional diagnosis still with a reasonable level of confidence. Regarding complications with TBLB, there were 2 cases of moderate bleeding (7.6%) and 1 pneumothorax (3.8%) that did not require drainage. Notwithstanding its limitations, TBLB can still have a role in the diagnostic workup of HP, namely ","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"193 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44561299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vaping-associated Lung Injury Successfully Treated With Pulse Dose Corticosteroids 脉冲剂量皮质类固醇成功治疗电子烟相关肺损伤
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/cpm.0000000000000386
A. Loutfy, S. Rashid, H. Budke, D. Praprotnik, Ajit Chary, Yuhann Lopez, C. Rimmer, K. Geckle, E. Thomas, R. Fadul
{"title":"Vaping-associated Lung Injury Successfully Treated With Pulse Dose Corticosteroids","authors":"A. Loutfy, S. Rashid, H. Budke, D. Praprotnik, Ajit Chary, Yuhann Lopez, C. Rimmer, K. Geckle, E. Thomas, R. Fadul","doi":"10.1097/cpm.0000000000000386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"161-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47846649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is a Trial of Observation Safer Than Intervention With Spontaneous Pneumothorax? 自发性气胸的观察试验比干预试验更安全吗?
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/cpm.0000000000000376
M. Brandorff, D. Zappetti
{"title":"Is a Trial of Observation Safer Than Intervention With Spontaneous Pneumothorax?","authors":"M. Brandorff, D. Zappetti","doi":"10.1097/cpm.0000000000000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"203-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42520338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse: A COPD/Asthma Mimic or a Treatment-emergent Consequence of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy: Case Series and Brief Literature Review 过度动态气道塌陷:COPD/哮喘模拟或吸入皮质类固醇治疗的治疗紧急后果:病例系列和简要文献综述
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/CPM.0000000000000382
S. Heraganahally, Anandpreet S. Ghataura, X. Y. Er, S. Heraganahally, Edwina Biancardi
{"title":"Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse: A COPD/Asthma Mimic or a Treatment-emergent Consequence of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy: Case Series and Brief Literature Review","authors":"S. Heraganahally, Anandpreet S. Ghataura, X. Y. Er, S. Heraganahally, Edwina Biancardi","doi":"10.1097/CPM.0000000000000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CPM.0000000000000382","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is a clinical entity characterized by narrowing of larger airways during tidal breathing. Symptoms of EDAC can be similar to chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD)/asthma and EDAC can coexist with airway disease. More recently widespread use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) among patients with COPD/asthma has been implicated for the emergence of EDAC. In this report, we describe 6 adult patients presenting with chronic cough with a background diagnosis of either COPD or asthma on ICS, who were noted to have EDAC. We also made an attempt to briefly review the earlier published reports on EDAC. Our review suggested that EDAC is prevalent among patients with previous diagnosis of COPD/asthma and with ICS use. Female sex, older age, higher body mass index, and presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), and chronic upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) may be a risk factor for EDAC. Chronic barking cough and shortness of breath are the common clinical presentation and acute presentation could be triggered by lower respiratory tract infection and episodic presentations can be related to chronic recurrent aspiration secondary to GORD or chronic URTI. Dynamic computed tomography of the chest and bronchoscopy are useful in the diagnosis. Pulmonary function tests could be variable, demonstrating normal, obstructive, or restrictive pattern. Management of EDAC with weight loss strategies, addressing GORD and URTI issues and antibiotics during acute lower respiratory tract infection may be helpful. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation may be beneficial in some patients. ICS should be used wisely to prevent the emergence of EDAC among patients with chronic airway disease.","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"175 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47169975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Immune-related Pulmonary Toxicity From Cancer Immunotherapy: A Systematic Approach 来自癌症免疫治疗的免疫相关肺毒性:一个系统的方法
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/CPM.0000000000000383
N. Thiruchelvam, V. Rajasurya, Sivagowri Tharmendira, Heather Torbic, M. Waldron, J. Stoller, D. Culver
{"title":"Immune-related Pulmonary Toxicity From Cancer Immunotherapy: A Systematic Approach","authors":"N. Thiruchelvam, V. Rajasurya, Sivagowri Tharmendira, Heather Torbic, M. Waldron, J. Stoller, D. Culver","doi":"10.1097/CPM.0000000000000383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CPM.0000000000000383","url":null,"abstract":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are one of the major advances in cancer treatment. ICIs have shown significant benefit in treating several types of cancer. Currently there are 6 ICIs available in the United States and multiple ICIs in the pipeline. Immune checkpoint signaling leads to immune tolerance of cancer cells through downregulation of T-cell activation. The reversal in tumor-tolerance and self-tolerance effected by ICIs likely drives both T-cell–mediated toxicity and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs); however, the exact mechanism remains not completely understood. Pulmonary irAEs are among the most feared high-grade irAEs leading to discontinuation of ICIs and, not uncommonly, treatment-related death. Because of the high degree of morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary irAEs and the exponential growth of ICI use, clinicians must increasingly be facile in diagnosing and managing these irAEs.","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"183 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Home, Hospice, or Hospital: Where Are Our Patients With Chronic Lung Disease Dying? 家、临终关怀院或医院:我们的慢性肺病患者在哪里死亡?
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/cpm.0000000000000377
Thomas A. Di Vitantonio, E. Lafond, D. Zappetti
{"title":"Home, Hospice, or Hospital: Where Are Our Patients With Chronic Lung Disease Dying?","authors":"Thomas A. Di Vitantonio, E. Lafond, D. Zappetti","doi":"10.1097/cpm.0000000000000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10393,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pulmonary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"204-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46706604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信