Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms of microbial colonization in biofilm-associated infections of hemodialysis catheters and advances in surface modification technologies.","authors":"Qiao-Qiao Zhou,Yu Wan","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00283-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00283-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYHemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), primarily driven by microbial colonization and biofilm formation, represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Key pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa employ sophisticated virulence mechanisms, including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and quorum-sensing (QS) systems, to establish resilient biofilms. Surface modification technologies-encompassing antibacterial coatings, antithrombotic modifications, antibiofilm technologies, surface topological optimization, and tip design innovations-offer promising \"anti-colonization\" strategies to prevent infections. Notably, while tunneled and non-tunneled catheters exhibit distinct biofilm dynamics and clinical risk profiles, emerging multifunctional coatings demonstrate the potential for enhancing long-term catheter safety and performance. However, the clinical translation of these innovations requires overcoming challenges related to biocompatibility, long-term durability, and scalable manufacturing, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"63 1","pages":"e0028325"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current knowledge and perspectives on the emerging Inquilinus limosus pathogen.","authors":"Eric Farfour,Audrey Brisebarre,Stéphane Corvec,Thomas Guillard","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00100-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00100-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYInquilinus limosus is a nonfermentative Gram-negative rod that has been reported as an emergent pathogen, particularly in chronic respiratory diseases. I. limosus was first isolated from the airways of a lung transplant patient suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). As I. limosus is almost exclusively recovered from the airways of CF patients, its identification may be challenging for non-CF specialists. Indeed, I. limosus is mainly isolated from the airways of CF patients, and its pathogenesis and treatments are still debated. We have extensively reported and reviewed the different clinical cases described in the literature, the identification methods used, and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed. Therefore, we provide here an exhaustive description of the phenotypic features and antimicrobial susceptibilities of I. limosus. Only seven I. limosus genomes are currently available in public databases. These genomes are not fully assembled and therefore allow only partial genomic analyses, which could not unveil antimicrobial resistance determinants or virulence factors. They are approximately 7 Mb in size and encode between 6,036 and 7,483 genes. Given that the available genomes are incomplete, our genomic analyses are still limited and would undoubtedly benefit from further fully sequenced and annotated genomes to provide additional information on the antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis of I. limosus. We anticipate that our review will be a starting point for more genome sequencing studies, as well as epidemiological studies, to provide additional information on I. limosus for better management of patients.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"84 1","pages":"e0010025"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The power of resistance: mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its impact on tuberculosis management.","authors":"Radha Gopalaswamy,Selvakumar Subbian","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00194-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00194-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe global resurgence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presents a formidable challenge to public health, driven by a complex interplay of mycobacterial evolution, dynamics and outcomes of host-pathogen interactions and systemic gaps in diagnosis and treatment strategies. This comprehensive review delineates the multifactorial basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), integrating molecular, immunological, and pharmacological perspectives to inform next-generation strategies for effective TB control. We reconceptualize TB as a dynamic clinical spectrum-ranging from asymptomatic infection to overt disease-shaped by granuloma biology and bacterial adaptation. This spectrum underpins both diagnostic ambiguity and therapeutic failure, particularly in the context of phenotypic drug tolerance/resistance to current anti-TB drugs. We discuss Mtb's intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms, including the lipid-rich cell envelope, efflux systems, and enzymatic drug modification, which are compounded by acquired mutations that disrupt drug activation, alter targets, and confer cross-resistance. These adaptations are further potentiated by granuloma-induced pharmacokinetic heterogeneity and host-induced metabolic quiescence. We highlight the emerging role of therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in optimizing individualized therapy, particularly for novel regimens incorporating bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid. Moreover, we underscore the diagnostic limitations in detecting heteroresistance and early-stage disease, advocating for expanded deployment of advanced and targeted molecular diagnostic modalities. Finally, we propose a paradigm shift toward integrated, precision-based TB management, leveraging host-directed therapies, biofilm-disrupting agents, and real-time pharmacokinetics-guided dosing to preempt resistance emergence and improve clinical outcomes. This review provides a translational framework for addressing the biological and operational complexities of DR-TB in the era of AMR.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"76 1","pages":"e0019425"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review and reflective evaluation of cell therapies for tuberculosis.","authors":"Lan Zhao,Yao Zhang,Rui Liu,Beibei Ni,Lijun Bi","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00232-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00232-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious disease threatening global health. An estimated 2 billion people worldwide are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and 5-10% of those with latent infection will develop active TB. Despite the success of existing anti-TB drugs in controlling transmission, significant challenges remain, including long treatment durations, severe side effects, suboptimal treatment adherence, and inevitable drug resistance. Even newly developed drugs may fail to keep pace with the rising number of drug-resistant cases. Moreover, these treatments do not adequately address persistent lung dysfunction after cure. A primary reason for these therapeutic challenges in TB management may be that all current anti-TB drugs are solely aimed at achieving antibacterial, bacteriostatic, or bactericidal efficacy, which neglects the critical role of host cellular responses during disease progression. Future strategies should explore the potential of cell-based therapies, an area that has received limited attention in previous reviews. From the perspective of cell therapy, this article comprehensively reviews key clinical studies, animal models, and in vitro experiments from recent decades that utilized cells or cytokines for TB treatment, providing clinicians and researchers with a unique perspective and support for developing more integrated therapeutic strategies toward ending TB.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":"e0023225"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 Acknowledgment of CMR Reviewers","authors":"Graeme Forrest 1 Rush University Medical Center 2468 https://ror.org/01j7c0b24 , Chicago, Illinois, USA","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00287-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00287-25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Volume 38, Issue 4, December 2025. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue and severe dengue.","authors":"Shirin Kalimuddin, Po Ying Chia, Jenny G Low, Eng Eong Ooi","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00244-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00244-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYDengue is an acute mosquito-borne viral disease that is highly prevalent throughout the tropical world. The geographic footprint of the four dengue viruses (DENV-1 to -4) that cause this disease and their <i>Aedes</i> mosquito vector is expanding, extending into North America and Mediterranean Europe. Furthermore, although dengue has historically been a disease that disproportionately affects children, changing population demographics and increasing travel to and from the tropics have contributed to a growing incidence in adults. Dengue in adults, particularly older adults, brings fresh and complex challenges to case management. Although dengue is now a vaccine-preventable disease, the efficacy profiles of licensed vaccines as well as those in late-stage clinical development suggest that vaccination alone would not fully retard the global expansion of dengue. Other countermeasures, including antiviral drugs, will be needed. This paper reviews the molecular interplay underlying dengue pathogenesis, including from virological and immunological perspectives, which are foundational for developing antiviral therapies and new vaccines. It also reviews the hurdles facing antiviral development and discusses new insights on dengue immunity that can guide the deployment of imperfect vaccines to begin reversing the global burden of dengue.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0024424"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12697202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on clinically relevant, rare, and emerging <i>Candida</i> and Saccharomycotina yeasts that have been recently reclassified from <i>Candida</i>.","authors":"Elaine Cristina Francisco, Diego H Caceres, José Guillermo Pereira Brunelli, Guillermo Garcia-Effron, Amir Arastehfar, Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro, Matheus Naves de Almeida, Sarah Santos Gonçalves, João Nóbrega de Almeida, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Teun Boekhout, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00064-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00064-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYMany yeast species causing life-threatening invasive infections that were formerly classified in the genus <i>Candida</i> have been reclassified due to their evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships elucidated by DNA sequencing methods that are increasingly using whole genomes. This review explores the evolving taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical implications of clinically relevant, rare, emerging <i>Candida</i> and Saccharomycotina yeasts that have recently been reclassified from <i>Candida</i>. This article highlights the urgent need for intensified research efforts to enhance knowledge and improve outcomes in the management of infections caused by these yeasts. Communicating results from molecular phylogenetic studies of yeasts, which lead to their reclassification, is of great importance to the medical mycology community to implement such results in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0006423"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12697193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oral penems and carbapenems.","authors":"Sena Sayood, Elizabeth Neuner, Rebekah Dumm, Sumanth Gandra","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00042-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00042-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe penem and carbapenem antibiotics provide some of the broadest spectrum coverage available and generally should only be used when narrower options are unavailable. The majority of available carbapenems can only be administered parenterally, but two orally administered penems (faropenem and sulopenem) and one orally administered carbapenem (tebipenem) are in increased use due to approvals in new markets. These oral agents have a spectrum of activity similar to widely used parenteral carbapenems but are simpler to administer than intravenous agents and will likely experience rapid increases in their rates of use as they are approved in new markets. In this review, we discuss their spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, toxicity, antimicrobial stewardship considerations, and potential clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0004224"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12697175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and physiological factors influencing the survival of resistant Salmonella under infection-related gut conditions","authors":"Chaitra PrabhuAkshatha KotianVankadari AdityaVijaya Kumar Deekshit1Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (DU)662165https://ror.org/02bdf7k74, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India2Department of Food Safety & Nutrition, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (DU)662165https://ror.org/02bdf7k74, Mangaluru, Karnataka, IndiaJorge Cervantes","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00196-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00196-25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floods and infectious diseases: public health lessons from the 2024 southern Brazil disaster.","authors":"Alessandro Comarú Pasqualotto,Tarsila Vieceli,Cezar Vinícius Würdig Riche,Viviane Maria de Carvalho Hessel Dias,Isabella Ballalai,Juarez Cunha,Karen Mirna Loro Morejón,Leonardo Weissmann,Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves,Marcelo Balbinot Lucca,Rafaela Mafaciolli,Renan Rangel Bonamigo,Afonso Luis Barth,Andreza Francisco Martins,Laura Czekster Antochevis,Juliana Caierão,Fabio de Araujo Motta,Marcelo Comerlato Scotta,Ricardo Souza Heinzelmann,Décio Diament,Eliete Caló Romero,Murillo M Cipolat,Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda Vidal,Sergio Cimerman,Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales,Rodrigo Schrage Lins,Lessandra Michelin,Fabrizio Motta","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00165-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00165-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe unprecedented floods that affected Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in 2024 had significant repercussions on public health, particularly infectious diseases. In the weeks following the floods, 7,818 confirmed cases of leptospirosis, 10 outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, and 1,370 incidents involving venomous animals were reported, among other conditions. These events disrupted healthcare networks, caused critical delays in diagnosis, and impaired vaccination campaigns, emphasizing the need for resilient public health systems. This report describes the 2024 climate disaster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, marked by severe flooding and its repercussions on infectious diseases. We detail the epidemiological impact across zoonoses, waterborne and vector-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory fungal infections, and antimicrobial resistance. The measures implemented by healthcare systems and scientific societies to mitigate these effects are presented, along with key lessons learned from the event. Considering the increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for infectious disease preparedness and response, offering critical insights for global application.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"e0016524"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}