Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus transmission.","authors":"David A Foley,David W Smith,Ian Barr,Hannah C Moore,Mark Nicol,Christopher C Blyth","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00203-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00203-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYRespiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus are major causes of respiratory illness globally, particularly affecting children and older adults. Despite their clinical significance, substantial gaps persist in understanding the determinants of their transmission. This review examines the multifaceted factors shaping RSV and hMPV transmission, including viral structure and evolution, host behaviors and viral shedding dynamics, the influence of environmental conditions on viral survival, the roles of population- and community-level transmission networks, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we explore prevention strategies, including immunizations and non-pharmaceutical interventions, to reduce transmission in high-risk settings.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"e0020324"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity, biochemical properties, epidemiology, and detection methods of IMP- and VIM-type carbapenemases.","authors":"Rémy A Bonnin,Agnès B Jousset,Aymeric Jacquemin,Cécile Emeraud,Delphine Girlich,Thierry Naas,Laurent Dortet","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00129-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00129-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYMetallo-beta-lactamases are an ever-growing problem. Since the discovery of the beta-lactamase of Bacillus cereus in the late 1960s, many class B beta-lactamases have been reported, with three main families being NDM-, IMP-, and VIM-like. IMP- and VIM-like carbapenemases have been identified in a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria. VIM-type carbapenemases are widely distributed, primarily represented by two main clusters, VIM-1 and VIM-2, and have been found in both Enterobacterales and non-fermenters. IMP-type carbapenemases are characterized by a significant genetic diversity and low identity between subgroups. This carbapenemase is more prevalent in Asia but has been identified globally, in both Enterobacterales and non-fermenters, as observed for VIM-type carbapenemases. The genetic diversity of IMP- and some VIM-type carbapenemases limits their detection. This review aims to discuss the genetic diversity, epidemiology, and biochemical characteristics of VIM- and IMP-type carbapenemases. It also evaluates the efficacy of commercially available detection tests and the in vitro activity of recently developed inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"e0012923"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae β-lactam resistance: epidemiological trends, molecular drivers, and innovative control strategies in the post-pandemic era.","authors":"Jiaqi Li,Guixue Cheng,Xiaosong Qin,Jianhua Liu","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00082-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00082-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major human pathogen that can cause severe diseases such as meningitis and bacteremia. β-lactam antibiotics are the most essential antimicrobial agents for treating S. pneumoniae infections, but the resistance has become a significant challenge in clinical therapy. Analyses reveal notable regional disparities in the prevalence of β-lactam resistance in S. pneumoniae. The use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines effectively reduces the spread of highly resistant clones, indirectly improving resistance patterns. Interestingly, resistance is inversely correlated with bacterial invasiveness, suggesting mutual selective pressures. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the evolution of S. pneumoniae resistance by altering host immune states and healthcare resource allocation. Immunocompromised patients face a higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease, driving increased antimicrobial use that fuels the rise of resistance. Beyond the single-molecular mechanism, the resistance gene acquisition order plays a critical role in the successful resistance evolution. Analyzing the dynamic principles and key nodes involved in the evolution of drug resistance could offer novel insights for developing precise antibacterial treatment strategies. Current research efforts focus on the development of novel antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, lysins, and other innovative therapeutic agents. Artificial intelligence shows immense potential in the screening of antimicrobial drugs and the prediction of resistance mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent advances in the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and management of β-lactam resistance in S. pneumoniae, with the aim of informing evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship and accelerating the development of innovative therapeutics to combat this evolving public health threat.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"e0008225"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long reach of influenza and other respiratory viruses: from acute epithelial injury to post-viral lung disease.","authors":"Piotr P Janas,Christoforos Rozario,Christopher D Lucas,Pieter S Hiemstra,Jürgen Schwarze,Caroline Chauché","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00243-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00243-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYRespiratory viral infections cause extensive cell death in the lung epithelium, resulting from both direct viral action and exuberant immune responses. Recovery following viral infection requires rapid and coordinated repair programs, ensuring the replacement of the damaged tissue through proliferation, migration, and differentiation of respiratory epithelial progenitor cells. Viral infection and the resulting inflammatory milieu alter host gene expression. Notably, growing evidence indicates that these infections can induce long-term changes in epithelial progenitor cells, which persist even after the infection has resolved. These alterations may play a key role in the development of post-viral lung disease (PVLD). In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding respiratory viral infections and how these may alter the gene expression and function of epithelial progeny cells arising from the surviving progenitors. We do so by exploring the influenza virus as an example and comparing it with what is known about other important respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (HRV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). We highlight the impact of respiratory viral infection and ensuing inflammation on lung epithelial memory, considering the importance of viral strains, and discuss potential new therapeutic strategies that could maximize long-term lung health.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"46 48 1","pages":"e0024324"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative review on bacteria-derived metabolites in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.","authors":"R S Tambovtseva,L A Arslan,T A Grigoryeva,S R Abdulkhakov,Y V Doludin,I O Stoma,A A Rizvanov,R R Miftakhova,A G Gabdoulkhakova","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00210-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00210-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is heterogeneous; the causes are considered to be external factors such as stress, infections, antibiotics, and other medications, diet, and intrinsic factors such as genetic predisposition. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze data on intestinal flora and bacteria-derived metabolites in inflammatory bowel diseases and ulcerative colitis in particular. The main focus is on proteolytic, saccharolytic, mucin-degrading, and bile acid-metabolizing bacteria. What types of metabolites are beneficial for intestinal integrity and the patient's health? How can dietary preferences trigger disease and cause complications? What kind of changes in the microbiome promote the disease? We consider what targets/receptors metabolites act on and their physiological role. The knowledge accumulated over the past years on the gut metagenome, metabolome, and signaling mechanisms may allow, in the future, modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiome and suppressing the growth of pathogenic flora without the use of antibiotics, but due to pro- and prebiotics, products of bacterial metabolism, including quorum sensing molecules.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"103 1","pages":"e0021024"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned from successful implementation of tetanus and diphtheria vaccination programs","authors":"Mark K. SlifkaArchana ThomasLina GaoIan J. AmannaWalter A. Orenstein1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University466995, Beaverton, Oregon, USA2Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institutehttps://ror.org/05fcfqq67, Portland, Oregon, USA3Najít Technologies, Inchttps://ror.org/002shna07, Beaverton, Oregon, USA4Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University1371https://ror.org/03czfpz43, Atlanta, Georgia, USAGraeme N. Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00031-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00031-25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schistosomiasis: cercarial finding and recognizing of human hosts as a prerequisite of invasion.","authors":"Ursula Panzner,Jürg Utzinger,Jennifer Keiser","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00196-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00196-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYSchistosomiasis occurs in 80 primarily tropical and subtropical countries. It is transmitted to humans and animals by Schistosoma cercariae during freshwater contact. Parasite stages adapt and switch between molluscs, water, and mammals, where worms sustain parasitism. We reviewed research on larvae encountering humans published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until May 2024. Larvae perform intermittent active/tail-first and passive/body-first swimming with arc-like re-encountering upon host approaches. Skin contacts occur spontaneously or through stimulants. Schistosoma mansoni, expressing chemokinesis, lingers in upper-middle warm clear water. Schistosoma haematobium, showing negative photo-orientation, remains in upper-lower, cooler, clear-muddy freshwater. Schistosoma japonicum stays stimuli-wise non-responsive in shallow muddy habitats. Attachment triggers of S. mansoni and S. haematobium are amino acids and temperature, respectively. S. japonicum adheres at random. Temperature gradient, ceramides, and acylglycerols stimulate the epidermal remaining of S. mansoni; solid hydrophobic surfaces trigger S. haematobium and S. japonicum. Temperatures of ≥36°C, ≥40°C, and 37°C guide S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum creeping for entering. Permeation aligns with schistosomula transformation by glycocalyx removal, heptalaminate membrane conversion, and tail stripping off and advances mechanically and enzymatically through acetabular glands. Skin and bloodstream navigation follows increasing L-arginine and D-glucose and parasite adjustment ventral-wards. Head gland enzymes facilitate epidermal-dermal transitioning for cutaneous exiting and vasculature accessing. Skin responds with anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory edematous infiltrations. Schistosoma reacts by evasion through hormones, neurotransmitters, enzymes, and specialized proteins, among others. The findings, building largely on in vitro experiments, aim to facilitate the development of field-suitable prevention and control measures in support of the World Health Organization 2021-2030 Roadmap on Neglected Tropical Diseases.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"153 1","pages":"e0019624"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human toxocariasis.","authors":"Susana Lopez-Alamillo, Pravallika Padyala, Megan Carey, Megan M Duffey, Jill E Weatherhead","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00101-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00101-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYHuman toxocariasis is a globally prevalent zoonotic parasitic infection caused by larvae of <i>Toxocara</i> species, primarily <i>Toxocara canis</i> and <i>Toxocara cati</i>. Toxocariasis is commonly transmitted to humans through the ingestion of embryonated <i>Toxocara</i> eggs found in contaminated soil, water, or on surfaces contaminated with animal feces. Unlike in dogs and cats, humans are not definitive hosts for <i>Toxocara</i> spp., and, as a result, <i>Toxocara</i> larvae do not complete their life cycle in humans. Instead, following accidental oral ingestion of embryonated eggs, <i>Toxocara</i> larvae undergo an aberrant larval migratory cycle to various organs including the lungs, liver, muscles, and central nervous system, and do not return to the intestines to develop into mature adult worms. As the <i>Toxocara</i> larvae do not complete their life cycle in the human host, they will ultimately die in human tissue. This comprehensive systematic review of human toxocariasis analyzes and synthesizes existing research to provide a detailed and updated understanding of this zoonotic parasitic infection of global importance. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various aspects of toxocariasis, including its epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0010123"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrapolation and comparison of West Nile virus- and Usutu virus-associated neurological diseases in humans: linking pathology to clinical symptoms","authors":"Eleanor M. MarshallLuisa BarzonMarion KoopmansBarry Rockx1Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center6993https://ror.org/018906e22, Rotterdam, the Netherlands2Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padovahttps://ror.org/00240q980, Padua, ItalyLara J. HerreroManjula KaliaJonathan Teetsel","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00232-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00232-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The American Society for Microbiology's evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections using rapid tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Donna M Wolk,J Scott Parrott,N Esther Babady,A Brian Mochon,Ryan Tom,Christen Diel,Jennifer Dien Bard,Amanda Harrington,D Jane Hata,Amity L Roberts,Lindsay Boyce,J Kristie Johnson","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00137-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00137-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYBloodstream infections (BSIs) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Rapid identification of pathogens and detection of a few resistance markers from positive blood cultures are now possible through the increased availability of commercial rapid diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This document describes the clinical utility of rapid diagnostics performed on positive blood cultures and provides evidence-based laboratory medicine guidelines for using rapid tests to diagnose BSIs in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. This guideline was developed for use by medical (a.k.a. clinical) microbiologists, medical laboratory professionals, infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, hospital administrators, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders associated with BSIs. A panel of experts, including medical microbiologists and experts in systematic literature review, was assembled to formulate the Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) question, review the literature, and provide recommendations for using rapid tests to diagnose BSI and improve patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search of four electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane) was conducted to identify studies with measurable outcomes. The panel followed a systematic process, which included a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of the evidence and strength of recommendations using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. The panel evaluated the literature to answer the question: Does using rapid diagnostic tests improve clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric patients hospitalized with a BSI? Peer-reviewed literature was available to address three outcomes, including time to targeted therapy, mortality, and length of hospital stay. In general, the quality of the evidence was low to moderate due to the paucity of controlled, randomized clinical trial studies. However, eight recommendations were made based on evidence derived from the systematic review of the published literature. To answer the PICO question, the expert committee recommended using rapid diagnostic tests combined with active communication to decrease the time to targeted therapy and length of stay (strong recommendation). While the strength of the evidence for the impact on mortality is low, the panel supports using rapid tests to impact these outcomes. A summary of the recommendations is listed in the Executive Summary, which includes a detailed description of the background, methods, evidence summary, and rationale that supports each recommendation in the full text.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"91 1","pages":"e0013724"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}