Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献

Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00126-23

Dziedzom K de Souza, Moses J Bockarie

{"title":"Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.","authors":"Dziedzom K de Souza, Moses J Bockarie","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00126-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00126-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYLymphatic filariasis (LF), a debilitating tropical disease caused by parasitic filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, remains a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical settings where the disease is endemic. The disease affects millions worldwide, leading to severe disability and social stigma. Following the World Health Assembly resolution WHA50.29 in 1997 encouraging Member States to eliminate LF as a public health problem, the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) was established in 2000. The establishment of the GPELF paced the way for global eradication efforts, with commitments from non-governmental organizations and Merck donating the drug ivermectin as long as it is needed to control the disease. The advances in the diagnosis and control of LF have shown promising results, including developing novel diagnostic tools, therapeutic agents, and integrated vector management and surveillance strategies. This review explores the latest advances in our understanding of LF epidemiology, transmission assessments, clinical manifestations, and immune response to infection. We further discuss the current state of diagnostic development, treatment approaches, and control measures, highlighting the importance of continued research in the fight against this disease.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0012623"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral microbiota and respiratory diseases: advances and perspectives.

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00150-24

Xiaohao Liu, Fengxiang Shi, Jiawei Zeng, Jiaming Bi, Chuzi Mo, Yan Chai, Buling Wu, Shuaimei Xu

引用次数: 0

BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions.

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00212-24

Ni Jian, Lei Yu, Lijuan Ma, Binbin Zheng, Weiren Huang

{"title":"BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions.","authors":"Ni Jian, Lei Yu, Lijuan Ma, Binbin Zheng, Weiren Huang","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00212-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00212-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been the standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for over 30 years. Despite its proven efficacy, challenges persist, including unclear mechanisms of action, resistance in 30%-50% of patients, and significant side effects. This review presents an updated and balanced discussion of the antitumor mechanisms of BCG, focusing on its direct effects on bladder cancer and its interactions with various cell types within the bladder tumor microenvironment. Notably, recent research on the interactions between BCG and the bladder microbiome is also incorporated. We further summarize and analyze the latest preclinical and clinical studies regarding both intrinsic and adaptive resistance to BCG in bladder cancer. Based on the current understanding of BCG's therapeutic principles and resistance mechanisms, we systematically explore strategies to improve BCG-based tumor immunotherapy. These include the development of recombinant BCG, combination therapy with different drugs, optimization of therapeutic regimens and management, and the exploration of new approaches by targeting changes in the bladder microbiota and its metabolites. These measures aim to effectively address the BCG resistance in bladder cancer, reduce its toxicity, and ultimately enhance the clinical anti-tumor efficacy. Bacterial therapy, represented by genetically engineered oncolytic bacteria, has gradually emerged in the field of cancer treatment in recent years. As the only bacterial drug successfully approved for oncology use, BCG has provided decades of clinical experience. By consolidating lessons from BCG's successes and limitations, we hope to provide valuable insights for the development and application of bacterial therapies in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0021224"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Henipaviruses: epidemiology, ecology, disease, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics. 亨尼帕病毒：流行病学，生态学，疾病，以及疫苗和治疗方法的发展。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00128-23

Jessica R Spengler, Michael K Lo, Stephen R Welch, Christina F Spiropoulou

引用次数: 0

The endothelium at the interface between tissues and Staphylococcus aureus in the bloodstream. 在组织和血液中的金黄色葡萄球菌之间的界面上的内皮。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-24

Pietro Speziale, Timothy J Foster, Carla Renata Arciola

{"title":"The endothelium at the interface between tissues and Staphylococcus aureus in the bloodstream.","authors":"Pietro Speziale, Timothy J Foster, Carla Renata Arciola","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00098-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00098-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYStaphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen. It can cause many types of infections, in particular bacteremia, which frequently leads to infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and other debilitating diseases. The development of secondary infections is based on the bacterium's ability to associate with endothelial cells lining blood vessels. The success of endothelial colonization and infection by S. aureus relies on its ability to express a wide array of cell wall-anchored and secreted virulence factors. Establishment of endothelial infection by the pathogen is a multistep process involving adhesion, invasion, extravasation, and dissemination of the bacterium into surrounding tissues. The process is dependent on the type of endothelium in different organs (tissues) and pathogenetic potential of the individual strains. In this review, we report an update on the organization of the endothelium in the vessels, the structure and function of the virulence factors of S. aureus, and the several aspects of bacteria-endothelial cell interactions. After these sections, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the specific mechanisms of infections that develop in the heart, bone and joints, lung, and brain. Finally, we describe how neutrophils bind to endothelial cells, migrate to the site of infection to kill bacteria in the tissues, and how staphylococci counteract neutrophils' actions. Knowledge of the molecular details of S. aureus-endothelial cell interactions will promote the development of new therapeutic strategies and tools to combat this formidable pathogen.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0009824"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus and related sequelae.

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00085-23

Wyatt Hanft, Helen Stankiewicz Karita, Nikka Khorsandi, Poonam Vohra, Rosalyn Plotzker

{"title":"Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus and related sequelae.","authors":"Wyatt Hanft, Helen Stankiewicz Karita, Nikka Khorsandi, Poonam Vohra, Rosalyn Plotzker","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00085-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00085-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYMore than 40 types of sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) infect the oropharyngeal and anogenital mucosa-high-risk types are associated with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx, and low-risk types cause non-malignant disease, such as anogenital warts. Though most HPV infections resolve spontaneously, immunodeficiencies may result in persistent infection and increased risk of HPV-related sequelae. The mechanism by which HPV results in malignant transformation is multifaceted, involving interactions with numerous cellular pathways, the host immune system, and potentially the host microbiome. Vaccination against HPV is highly efficacious in the prevention of infection and related sequelae, and there now exist several approved formulations that protect against both high- and low-risk types. Despite the advent of vaccination, early detection and treatment of cervical and anal precancerous lesions continues to be integral to secondary prevention-molecular HPV testing, cytology, and tissue biopsy allow for triaging of patients, after which appropriate treatment with close follow-up can avert cancer development.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008523"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracutaneous sporotrichosis. 真皮外的孢子丝菌病。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00140-24

Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto

{"title":"Extracutaneous sporotrichosis.","authors":"Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00140-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00140-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYSporotrichosis is a subacute-to-chronic infection endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. It usually involves subcutaneous tissue but can occasionally cause extracutaneous infections, especially in hyperendemic areas. Extracutaneous infections are classified based on the anatomic location of the lesion and the route of infection (primary or multifocal). The clinical forms are as follows: (i) pulmonary (primary or multifocal); (ii) osteoarticular (primary or multifocal); (iii) ocular (ocular adnexal lesions including eyelid lesions, conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis, and intraocular infections); (iv) central nervous system; and (v) mucosal (primary or disseminated). Multifocal clinical presentations are observed mainly in immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis must be confirmed in the laboratory by mycological examination of the clinical samples. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most commonly used antifungal agents for treating pulmonary, osteoarticular, ocular, and mucosal forms. Treatment may include surgical excision of the initial lesions in pulmonary and osteoarticular forms. The treatment of neurological involvement is far from optimal and is associated with a high mortality rate despite long treatment periods.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0014024"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Group B streptococcal infections in pregnancy and early life. 孕期和生命早期的 B 组链球菌感染。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00154-22

Gygeria Manuel, Joy Twentyman, Kristen Noble, Alison J Eastman, David M Aronoff, Ravin Seepersaud, Lakshmi Rajagopal, Kristina M Adams Waldorf

{"title":"Group B streptococcal infections in pregnancy and early life.","authors":"Gygeria Manuel, Joy Twentyman, Kristen Noble, Alison J Eastman, David M Aronoff, Ravin Seepersaud, Lakshmi Rajagopal, Kristina M Adams Waldorf","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00154-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00154-22","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYBacterial infections with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are an important cause of adverse outcomes in pregnant individuals, neonates, and infants. GBS is a common commensal in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts and can be detected in the vagina of approximately 20% of women globally. GBS can infect the fetus either during pregnancy or vaginal delivery resulting in preterm birth, stillbirth, or early-onset neonatal disease (EOD) in the first week of life. The mother can also become infected with GBS leading to postpartum endometritis, and rarely, maternal sepsis. An invasive GBS infection of the neonate may present after the first week of life (late-onset disease, LOD) through transmission from caregivers, breast milk, and other sources. Invasive GBS infections in neonates can result in sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, neurodevelopmental impairment, death, and lifelong disability. A policy of routine screening for GBS rectovaginal colonization in well-resourced countries can trigger the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) when prenatal testing is positive, which drastically reduces rates of EOD. However, many countries do not routinely screen pregnant women for GBS colonization but may administer IAP in cases with a high risk of EOD. IAP does not reduce rates of LOD. A global vaccination campaign is needed to reduce the significant burden of invasive GBS disease that remains among infants and pregnant individuals. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the global impact of GBS colonization and infection, virulence factors and pathogenesis, and current and future prophylactics and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015422"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00147-24

Luisa F Duarte, Javier Carbone-Schellman, Susan M Bueno, Alexis M Kalergis, Claudia A Riedel, Pablo A González

{"title":"Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.","authors":"Luisa F Duarte, Javier Carbone-Schellman, Susan M Bueno, Alexis M Kalergis, Claudia A Riedel, Pablo A González","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00147-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00147-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYAntivirals play important roles in restricting viral diseases. Nevertheless, they act on a relatively limited number of viruses and occasionally display partial effectiveness in some tissues or against escape variants. Although vaccination remains the most cost-effective approach for preventing microbial diseases, developing prophylactic or therapeutic solutions for pathogens, such as herpes simplex viruses (HSVs), that effectively reduce their clinical manifestations in the skin has proven exceptionally challenging despite extensive research. Alternatively, a less explored approach for tackling HSV skin infection involves using topical immunomodulatory molecules to potentiate the host's innate antiviral immune responses. When applied directly to herpetic skin lesions where viral antigen is present, this strategy has the potential to elicit virus-specific adaptive immunity. Based on currently available data, we foresee substantial potential for this approach in addressing HSV skin infections, along with additional prospects to advance understanding of skin biology and apply relevant new findings to other dermatological conditions. However, due to the limited number of case studies evaluating this method and its safety profile, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, further research is crucial, especially to assess the effects of immunomodulators in these vulnerable populations. Here, we revisit and discuss the use of immunomodulatory molecules for potentiating the host immune response against HSV skin infection and call for action for increased research and clinical trials regarding the possible benefits of this latter strategy for treating HSV cutaneous disease and recurrences. We also revisit and discuss antivirals and vaccine candidates against HSVs.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0014724"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation.

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00150-23

Adam G Stewart, Jay A Fishman

{"title":"Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation.","authors":"Adam G Stewart, Jay A Fishman","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00150-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00150-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYXenotransplantation, the transplantation of living organs, tissues, or cells between species, carries the potential to address the global shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure. Recent advances in genetic engineering have improved prospects for clinical xenotransplantation by reducing immune and inflammatory responses to grafts, controlling coagulation on endothelial surfaces, and modifying viral risks, including the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Management of infectious risks posed by clinical xenotransplantation requires meticulous attention to the biosecure breeding and microbiological surveillance of source animals and recipients and consideration of novel infection control requirements. Infectious risks in xenotransplantation stem from both known human pathogens in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and from porcine organisms for which the clinical manifestations, microbial assays, and therapies are generally limited. Both known and unknown zoonoses may be transmitted from pigs to humans. Some pig-specific pathogens do not infect human cells but have systemic manifestations when active within the xenograft, including porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), which contributes to graft rejection and consumptive coagulopathy. The role of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in humans remains uncertain despite the absence of documented transmissions and the availability of swine with inactivated genomic PERV. New technologies, such as metagenomic sequencing and multi-omics approaches, will be essential for detection of novel infections and for understanding interactions between the xenograft, the host's immune system, and potential pathogens. These approaches will allow development of infection control protocols, pathogen surveillance requirements, and tailored antimicrobial therapies to enhance the safety and success of clinical xenotransplantation.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015023"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0