Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献_第2页

Germ factories or immune boot camps? Infection and immunity in childcare settings. 细菌工厂还是免疫训练营？儿童保育环境中的感染和免疫。

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00253-25

Sarah L Caddy,Lucy van Dorp,Leo Swadling,Yuan Wis Wang-Koh,Charlotte J Houldcroft

{"title":"Germ factories or immune boot camps? Infection and immunity in childcare settings.","authors":"Sarah L Caddy,Lucy van Dorp,Leo Swadling,Yuan Wis Wang-Koh,Charlotte J Houldcroft","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00253-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00253-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYChildcare outside the home is a common experience for many children in high-income countries. It is associated with an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases-not just for the child but also for their parents and other household members. In this review, we explore this phenomenon from multiple angles, combining age at first infection, maternal antibody dynamics, seroepidemiology, cohort studies, and outbreak reports to understand the relationship between the immune systems of children starting childcare and the pathogen milieu they encounter. We consider the interaction between the age at which many infants begin out-of-home childcare and the maturation of cellular and humoral immunity. We bring together data on what is \"normal\" for infections in the first years of life: the range and incidence of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and rash-forming illnesses that typically infect young children. We review evidence of the additional impact that childcare has on the transmission of these pathogens. The economic and personal impacts of these illnesses are considered, including our lived experiences. We ask whether there are effective interventions to reduce illness associated with childcare, as the UK adds chickenpox to the childhood vaccination schedule. Finally, we consider evidence suggesting a trade-off between infections earlier in life and when children start formal schooling. We conclude that the high burden of infection in young children is normal, linked to the immunobiology of infants and the transmission dynamics of individual pathogens, but the collective impact of these infections is underappreciated.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"e0025325"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current opinion on the potential role of liposomal amphotericin B in underexplored clinical scenarios. 目前关于两性霉素B脂质体在未充分开发的临床场景中的潜在作用的看法。

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00228-25

Jacopo Angelini,Sara Ferin,Luca Martini,Sarah Flammini,Carlo Tascini,Simone Giuliano

{"title":"Current opinion on the potential role of liposomal amphotericin B in underexplored clinical scenarios.","authors":"Jacopo Angelini,Sara Ferin,Luca Martini,Sarah Flammini,Carlo Tascini,Simone Giuliano","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00228-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00228-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by resistant Candida species and molds presents a growing clinical challenge, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While echinocandins and azoles remain the cornerstone of antifungal therapy, their use may be limited by increasing reports of resistance, tolerance, drug-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent with a more favorable safety profile than conventional amphotericin formulations, may offer a valuable alternative in selected high-risk scenarios. Despite its established role in treating infections such as cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and leishmaniasis, the potential of L-AmB in other settings remains underutilized and underexplored. We discuss here the hypothetical utility of L-AmB in clinical situations where standard antifungal agents may be inadequate or contraindicated. These include candidemia due to resistant or tolerant strains, biofilm-related infections, infections in patients with hepatic vulnerability, and antifungal prophylaxis or treatment in hematologic patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease. In these contexts, L-AmB's fungicidal activity, lack of CYP450-mediated interactions, and reduced nephrotoxicity, compared to deoxycholate formulations, may be advantageous. Although definitive clinical evidence is limited, the insights offered here aim to stimulate reflection and support future research. Clinical judgment, guided by expert experience, may justify the selective use of L-AmB in challenging cases where therapeutic alternatives are restricted or risky.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"e0022825"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal diagnostic stewardship in immunocompromised populations: a focus on molds and dimorphic fungi. 免疫功能低下人群的真菌诊断管理：对霉菌和二形真菌的关注。

IF 19.3 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-12 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00242-25

Julie M Steinbrink, Daniel Z Friedman, George R Thompson, Carol A Kauffman, Barbara D Alexander, Kimberly Hanson, Hannah Imlay

引用次数: 0

Interactions between long-acting antiretrovirals and opioids: a call for clinical awareness. 长效抗逆转录病毒药物和阿片类药物之间的相互作用：呼吁临床认识。

IF 19.3 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00395-25

Candy Carbajal, Florida Owens, Dileepkumar Veeragoni, Myosotys Rodriguez, Francisco Fernandez-Lima, Adel Nefzi, Shilpa Buch, Nazira El-Hage

{"title":"Interactions between long-acting antiretrovirals and opioids: a call for clinical awareness.","authors":"Candy Carbajal, Florida Owens, Dileepkumar Veeragoni, Myosotys Rodriguez, Francisco Fernandez-Lima, Adel Nefzi, Shilpa Buch, Nazira El-Hage","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00395-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00395-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThis review summarizes potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between long-acting antiretrovirals (LAAs) and opioids, focusing on pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and side effects related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). It also covers dysregulation in epigenetics and in the immune system. A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, along with data from the Liverpool HIV Drug Interactions Database, to evaluate pharmacokinetic interactions between LAA drugs, such as cabotegravir, rilpivirine, lenacapavir, and dapivirine, with opioids used in clinical settings, including morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, and codeine; medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as methadone and buprenorphine; and the illicit opioids, including fentanyl and heroin. The review highlights key factors increasing DDI risk and discusses clinical considerations for managing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or antiretroviral therapy (ART) in persons who use opioids. Lastly, it proposes research strategies for studying DDIs, including the use of animal models, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0039525"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biosafety and biosecurity for Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei: evidence, gaps, and sustainable practice in endemic, low-resource settings. 伪马利氏伯克霍尔德菌和马氏伯克霍尔德菌的生物安全和生物安全：证据、差距和流行病、低资源环境中的可持续实践。

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00369-25

Stuart D Blacksell,Khanh Kim Le,Sandhya Dhawan,Vanaporn Wuthiekanun,Direk Limmathurotsukul,Susanna J Dunachie,Robert Norton,Ella Meumann,Bart J Currie,Nicholas P J Day,David A B Dance

{"title":"Biosafety and biosecurity for Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei: evidence, gaps, and sustainable practice in endemic, low-resource settings.","authors":"Stuart D Blacksell,Khanh Kim Le,Sandhya Dhawan,Vanaporn Wuthiekanun,Direk Limmathurotsukul,Susanna J Dunachie,Robert Norton,Ella Meumann,Bart J Currie,Nicholas P J Day,David A B Dance","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00369-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00369-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYBurkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei present significant biosafety challenges due to their high pathogenicity, environmental resilience, intrinsic antimicrobial resistance, and potential use as bioterrorism agents. This review examines key aspects of laboratory management and infection control for these organisms, focusing on inconsistencies in biosafety protocols and risk classifications across regions. We synthesize current evidence on biocontainment requirements, disinfection strategies, and personal protective equipment (PPE), with particular emphasis on sustainable practices for laboratories in low-resource settings. Although laboratory-acquired infections are rare, their potential severity underscores the importance of stringent safety measures. Critical gaps remain in our understanding of infectious dose, the effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and the development of risk assessment frameworks. We advocate for harmonized global biosafety standards and targeted research on transmission dynamics and inactivation protocols. These priorities are essential to enhance laboratory safety, especially in endemic areas, and to inform coherent international policy on B. pseudomallei and B. mallei containment and management.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"e0036925"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: drivers of DoxyPEP failure and an emerging threat for current therapy. 淋病奈瑟菌的质粒：DoxyPEP失败的驱动因素和当前治疗的新威胁。

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00252-25

Tabea A Elsener,Jo-Anne R Dillon,William M Shafer,Christoph M Tang

{"title":"Plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: drivers of DoxyPEP failure and an emerging threat for current therapy.","authors":"Tabea A Elsener,Jo-Anne R Dillon,William M Shafer,Christoph M Tang","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00252-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00252-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYGonococcal disease is a serious threat to reproductive health, with cases and antimicrobial resistance steadily increasing. Currently, the β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone is the mainstay of treatment, while doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) is being implemented to reduce bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, can harbor two resistance plasmids, pbla and pConj, which confer resistance to penicillin and tetracycline/doxycycline, respectively. Additionally, over 90% of isolates carry a small plasmid, pCryp, whose function remains unclear. Of concern, pbla-encoded β-lactamases only differ from extended-spectrum β-lactamases by one or two amino acid changes. DoxyPEP is completely ineffective against isolates carrying pConj expressing tetM. tetM-mediated resistance has increased in the gonococcus following introduction of DoxyPEP and is widespread in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, plasmids pose a significant risk to the successful management of gonococcal infection. Here, we review current knowledge of the epidemiology and biology of gonococcal plasmids. We describe the hierarchy of acquisition and dependencies between plasmids in N. gonorrhoeae and their subsequent evolution, transfer dynamics, fitness costs, and benefits to provide a better understanding of the implications of the plasmids on public health interventions for controlling and treating gonococcal infection.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":"e0025225"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of fungal diseases to the U.S. chronic disease burden. 真菌疾病对美国慢性疾病负担的贡献。

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00085-25

Ria R Ghai,Kaitlin Benedict,Tom M Chiller,Nancy A Chow,Ian P Hennessee,Sophie Jones,Shawn R Lockhart,Meghan Lyman,Dallas J Smith,Mitsuru Toda,Jeremy A W Gold

{"title":"Contribution of fungal diseases to the U.S. chronic disease burden.","authors":"Ria R Ghai,Kaitlin Benedict,Tom M Chiller,Nancy A Chow,Ian P Hennessee,Sophie Jones,Shawn R Lockhart,Meghan Lyman,Dallas J Smith,Mitsuru Toda,Jeremy A W Gold","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00085-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00085-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYChronic diseases, defined as conditions that persist for 1 or more years and require ongoing medical attention or impede daily life, represent an urgent public health challenge in the United States. In the last decade, fungal infections have garnered increased attention from public health officials and the media owing to the rapid and global rise of severe and antifungal-resistant infections. It is well-established that certain chronic diseases can increase the risk of invasive fungal infections. However, the inverse relationship-how fungal infections contribute to the development or exacerbation of chronic diseases-is less well studied. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of fungal infections in the development of chronic diseases, discussing pathophysiologic mechanisms and examining how chronic conditions can arise from the direct effects and sequelae of fungal infections. In addition, we discuss how the toxic effects of antifungal therapies can also contribute to the development of chronic disease states. Overall, our review highlights the significant yet underexplored role of fungal infections in the burden of chronic disease and emphasizes the need for further research, improved surveillance, increased public and healthcare awareness, and better access to diagnostics and treatments to address this issue.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"198 1","pages":"e0008525"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From surveillance to stewardship: addressing antimicrobial resistance in Central Asia’s healthcare 从监测到管理：解决中亚卫生保健中的抗菌素耐药性问题

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00198-25

Dariga ZhazykhbayevaZhanar KosherovaBayan TurdalinaJoseph AlmazanMohammed AljofanYuliya Semenova1Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University214082https://ror.org/052bx8q98, Astana, Kazakhstan2Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, NJSC “Astana Medical University”217968https://ror.org/038mavt60, Astana, Kazakhstan3Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University475887https://ror.org/0232r4451, Astana, Kazakhstan4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nazarbayev University475887https://ror.org/0232r4451, Astana, KazakhstanGraeme N. ForrestLaila E. Woc-Colburn

引用次数: 0

From antibiotic to peptide siderophore conjugates as modular strategies against multidrug-resistant bacteria. 从抗生素到肽铁载体缀合物作为对抗多重耐药细菌的模块化策略。

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00174-25

Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda,Qi Zhang,Beatriz G de la Torre,Fernando Albericio,João Perdigão,Fernando Rogério Pavan

{"title":"From antibiotic to peptide siderophore conjugates as modular strategies against multidrug-resistant bacteria.","authors":"Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda,Qi Zhang,Beatriz G de la Torre,Fernando Albericio,João Perdigão,Fernando Rogério Pavan","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00174-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00174-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYMultidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections continue to outpace therapeutic innovation, undermining the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and exposing the limitations of the current drug pipeline. In this review, we critically examine the translational viability of peptide-based antimicrobials and siderophore conjugates-two classes of therapeutics often promoted as next-generation solutions against MDR pathogens. Rather than reiterating their mechanistic promise, we dissect the structural assumptions that underpin their design and expose the clinical blind spots that have hindered their success. While peptides offer membrane disruption, intracellular targeting, and, in some cases, selective bacterial killing, their efficacy remains context-dependent and is frequently compromised by host-driven proteolysis, poor bioavailability, and limited tissue penetration. Similarly, siderophore-based conjugates exploit iron uptake systems for targeted delivery, yet depend on bacterial receptors that are variably expressed, easily suppressed, or genetically lost during infection. The failure of cefiderocol in specific clinical settings exemplifies the vulnerability of \"Trojan horse\" approaches to metabolic plasticity and ecological interference. This review highlights the need for a paradigm shift-from broad biochemical optimism to receptor-aware, pathogen-stratified, and pharmacologically grounded strategies. Reframing these modalities within their biological and clinical constraints offers a more realistic foundation for the development of actionable peptide- and siderophore-based therapies against resistant bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"e0017425"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An unintended consequence: a review of iatrogenic central nervous system mold infections and outbreaks 意想不到的后果：医源性中枢神经系统霉菌感染和暴发的回顾

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00282-25

Chia-Yu ChiuRachel S. HicklenLuis Ostrosky-ZeichnerSunil A. ShethChunfeng TanJeffrey S. WeinbergTom ChillerThomas J. WalshDimitrios P. Kontoyiannis1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Coloradohttps://ror.org/03gds6c39, Aurora, Colorado, USA2Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center4002https://ror.org/04twxam07, Houston, Texas, USA3Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston12340https://ror.org/03gds6c39, Houston, Texas, USA4Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston12340https://ror.org/03gds6c39, Houston, Texas, USA5Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center4002https://ror.org/04twxam07, Houston, Texas, USA6IMMY, Norman, Oklahoma, USA7Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine12264https://ror.org/04rq5mt64, Baltimore, Maryland, USA8Cente..

引用次数: 0