Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Bacteriophages in the treatment of cutaneous infections and skin disorders: therapeutic advances and future directions.","authors":"Emilia Hauza, Ivy J Mutai, Agnieszka Necel, Deus Kamya, Paulina Śliwka, Izabela Dusza, Alicja Węgrzyn, Aneta Skaradzińska","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00048-26","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00048-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYSkin and soft tissue infections represent a major clinical challenge. This is particularly true given the rise in antimicrobial resistance, the increasing prevalence of chronic wounds, and the growing number of immunocompromised patients. Conventional antibiotic therapies are frequently compromised by multidrug-resistant pathogens, biofilm formation, and disruption of the skin microbiome, underscoring the urgent need for alternative or adjunctive antibacterial strategies. Bacteriophages, viruses that specifically infect and lyse bacteria, have re-emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their high specificity, activity against antibiotic-resistant strains, and capacity to target biofilm-associated infections. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current advances in bacteriophage-based approaches for the treatment of cutaneous infections and skin disorders. We discuss the biological principles of phage therapy, its advantages and limitations, and the regulatory and manufacturing challenges associated with clinical translation. Particular emphasis is placed on topical and biomaterial-based phage delivery platforms, including hydrogels, nanocarriers, and adhesive wound dressings, designed to enhance phage stability, local bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, we summarize experimental and clinical evidence supporting the use of bacteriophages against the most clinically relevant skin pathogens. By integrating data from <i>in vitro</i> studies, animal models, clinical trials, and compassionate-use cases, this review highlights both the therapeutic potential and current limitations of phage-based interventions in dermatology. Collectively, the available evidence supports the use of bacteriophages as a viable component of future precision antimicrobial therapies for skin infections, while emphasizing the need for well-designed clinical trials, standardized production protocols, and optimized delivery systems to enable broader clinical adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0004826"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential in infections.","authors":"Junxiu Yu, Wenweiran Li, Yajie Xu, Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00368-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00368-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe human gut microbiotas constitute a complex microecosystem essential for host homeostasis. Among its metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) act as key signaling molecules linking microbial activity to host immunity and barrier function. Based on existing literature, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between SCFAs and 11 key gut pathogens. These pathogens include bacteria (i.e., <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Clostridioides difficile, Salmonella</i> spp.<i>, Campylobacter jejuni, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae</i>), fungi (i.e., <i>Candida albicans</i>), and viruses (i.e., SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus). In terms of antibacterial effects, SCFAs exhibit antibacterial activity against most gut microorganisms, but they support the colonization of a few species (i.e., <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>). Given the complex interactions between SCFAs and the gut microbiota, as well as their regulatory roles in infection, further investigation of the microbiota-SCFA axis is essential for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat infectious diseases. This review systematically summarizes the mechanism and clinical evidence of SCFAs in microbial infections to provide novel ideas for infectious disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0036825"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria in India: microbiological barriers to diagnosis, treatment, and elimination.","authors":"Chandan Kumar, Praveen K Bharti, Himanshu Gupta","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00025-26","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00025-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARY<i>Plasmodium vivax</i> remains a major barrier to global malaria elimination due to dormant liver-stage hypnozoites that drive relapse and sustain transmission even in low-endemic settings. India accounts for nearly half of the global <i>P. vivax</i> burden, placing it at the center of elimination efforts. This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, biology, and control of <i>P. vivax</i> in India. Despite progress, early gametocytogenesis, hypnozoites, low parasitemia, and immune evasion complicate diagnosis and treatment. Recent single-cell and multi-omics studies are elucidating <i>vir</i> gene regulation, epigenetic control of hypnozoite dormancy, and quiescent liver-stage biology. Diagnostic gaps persist because microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests poorly detect asymptomatic infections, and molecular surveillance cannot map relapse without hypnozoite biomarkers. Standard radical cure with chloroquine and 14-day primaquine is limited by poor adherence and restricted glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase testing, while single-dose tafenoquine awaits wider implementation. Urban malaria, largely driven by <i>P. vivax</i> and <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>, is increasing as a consequence of rapid urbanization and vector adaptation. National initiatives such as the Integrated Health Information Platform, Tribal Malaria Action Plans, and Urban Malaria Schemes are critical but face constraints in surveillance integration, private sector reporting, and cross-border coordination. We highlight emerging experimental liver models, single-cell technologies, and systems biology frameworks as essential tools for addressing key knowledge gaps in relapse biology. Sustained investment and interdisciplinary collaboration will be required for India to lead <i>P. vivax</i> elimination and translate national progress into global impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0002526"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-amniotic infection: diagnosis, nomenclature, clinical significance, management, and microbiologic tools used for the diagnosis.","authors":"Pisut Pongchaikul, Puntabut Warintaksa, Piroon Jenjaroenpun, Anunya Opasawatchai, Rapeewan Settacomkul, Pornpun Vivithanaporn, Suwatcharaporn Hadratchai, Arunee Singsnaeh, Iyarit Thaipisuttikul, Thidathip Wongsurawat, Piya Chaemsaithong","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00070-26","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00070-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYIntra-amniotic infection is the main cause of spontaneous preterm birth and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes; therefore, rapid, robust, and accurate diagnosis remains a clinical priority. Conventional microbiological techniques, especially culture-based methods, are limited by long turnaround times and the inability to detect fastidious or unculturable organisms. This review summarizes the diagnosis, nomenclature, clinical significance, management, and laboratory approaches for diagnosing intra-amniotic infection. Targeted nucleic acid amplification methods, including species-specific polymerase chain reaction and broad-range 16S rRNA gene sequencing, have improved the detection of bacterial DNA and enabled the identification of organisms that evade routine culture in intra-amniotic infection. More recently, whole-genome sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing have provided culture-independent strategies for comprehensive pathogen profiling, allowing simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as characterization of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence-associated genes. However, challenges remain, particularly in low-biomass samples such as amniotic fluid, where contamination, host DNA background, and data interpretation can compromise specificity. This review critically evaluates the advantages and limitations of each molecular modality and discusses pre-analytical, analytical, and bioinformatic considerations essential for reliable implementation. Integration of molecular diagnostics into clinical workflows holds promise for improving etiological diagnosis and guiding targeted therapy in intra-amniotic infection, thereby improving maternal and fetal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0007026"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravesical therapies for catheter-associated urinary tract infections: current approaches and future directions.","authors":"Chloe Linham, Mark Webber, Sheng Qi","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00382-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00382-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) representing a major subset in healthcare settings. CAUTIs significantly increase patient morbidity, mortality, hospital stays, and healthcare costs, while driving antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Systemic antibiotics often fail due to poor biofilm penetration, localized infection sites, and rising multidrug resistance, highlighting the urgent need for alternative, targeted therapies. This review discusses the role of intravesical therapies in both the treatment and prevention of CAUTIs, with a primary emphasis on therapeutic applications. The bladder is an accessible target for local treatment, as catheters can be repurposed for drug delivery. These devices are frequently colonized by biofilm-forming bacteria that contribute to persistent infection and treatment failure. This review explores intravesical therapy, the direct instillation of antimicrobial agents into the bladder, as a promising strategy to improve CAUTI management and mitigate AMR. We examine CAUTI pathogenesis, biofilm development, and current clinical approaches, including antimicrobial stewardship, catheter management, and coating technologies. Evidence for intravesical antibiotics such as gentamicin, amikacin, colistin, fosfomycin, and trimethoprim is reviewed alongside limited data from clinical trials, and applications in other urological disorders. Non-antibiotic alternatives, including sterile saline, antiseptic solutions, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, natural bioactives, probiotics, and silver nanoparticles, are also discussed, particularly for their potential synergistic use with antibiotics to reduce resistance emergence. Despite encouraging results, intravesical therapy faces challenges such as limited clinical data, lack of standardized protocols, and delivery barriers. This review summarizes current evidence, identifies research gaps, and proposes directions to advance this underused strategy against CAUTIs amid escalating antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0038225"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissemination of ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and carriage in the community worldwide: epidemiology, transmission pathways, molecular insights, and practical aspects.","authors":"Anne-Lise Beaumont, Maxime Danjean, Hervé Jacquier, Anders Boyd, Marie Jaspard, Guilhem Royer, Laure Surgers, Paul-Louis Woerther","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00274-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00274-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYSince the worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ESBL-Ec) in the early 2000s, ESBL-Ec community carriage has followed divergent epidemiological patterns across regions. Currently, high-income countries (HIC) have a lower prevalence of ESBL-Ec carriage compared to the more concerning prevalence observed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this review is to summarize the factors that could explain variations in ESBL-Ec prevalence by bridging together information from epidemiological, clinical, and bacterial genetic data. First, geographical differences in ESBL-Ec carriage in the community could be partly related to disparities in socioeconomic levels (e.g., country-level income, Human Development Index) and their associated conditions. Few risk factors associated with ESBL-Ec carriage overlap between LMICs and HICs, except for antibiotic use. Transmission across human, animal, and environmental sectors is much more common in LMICs, whereas inter-human transmission in HICs is more prominent. From the available molecular data, distinct bacterial genetic backgrounds between LMICs (predominantly A and B1 <i>E. coli</i> phylogroups) and HICs (predominantly B2 phylogroup) highlight the clones able to successfully disseminate in these settings. As the dissemination of ESBL-Ec is driven by a complex interplay of socioeconomic, behavioral, and bacterial genetic factors, tailored public health strategies, including antibiotic stewardship and innovative strategies discussed herein, are essential to curb further increases in their prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0027425"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148027763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ross River virus transmission, infection, and disease: two and a half decades of research progress-an updated cross-disciplinary review.","authors":"E B Skinner, D Harley, A F van den Hurk, A Michie, M Aubry, B M Martin, D J Rawle","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00099-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00099-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYRoss River virus (RRV) causes the most mosquito-borne disease notifications in Australia and a considerable burden of non-fatal, yet frequently prolonged rheumatic illness across the Australia-Pacific region, reflected in thousands of notifications each year and notable economic and quality-of-life losses. Research on RRV spans multiple disciplines, encompassing viral genomics, immunopathology, transmission ecology, epidemiology, entomology, and environmental science. This review synthesizes two decades of cross-disciplinary investigations to present an integrated perspective on the biological, clinical, ecological, and environmental dimensions of RRV infection. By consolidating findings from diverse fields, the review enhances understanding of the complex factors influencing RRV transmission and disease outcomes throughout its endemic range.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0009925"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing One Health genomics in Africa: opportunities and challenges for outbreak and antimicrobial resistance control.","authors":"Dhai I Derar, Fatma Hany, Haitham Eltaher, Shorouq Mahmoud, Youstina Sedarous, Zhi Ruan, Mohammed Alkhaldi, Mohamed Elhadidy","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00387-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00387-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYAfrica's ongoing struggles with emerging epidemics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) underscore the urgency of integrating pathogen genomics and surveillance systems into the continent's One Health strategy, particularly given the existing limitations in preparedness and technological resources. This review brings together current evidence on the growth of sequencing infrastructure, the development of regional genomic hubs, and the establishment of governance frameworks, while identifying critical challenges in data integration, bioinformatics capacity, and sustainable financing. Special focus is placed on the lack of African-based genomic data, with our analysis showing that only 1.82% of the global total is available. Case studies illustrate the immense potential and importance of pathogen genomics, giving policymakers a tangible sense of its impact. These examples demonstrate how genomic technologies integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming outbreak response, AMR surveillance, and stewardship programs by enabling early detection of zoonotic threats, mapping transmission pathways, and guiding vaccine development. However, to fully realize this scientific intel, it is essential to embed One Health pathogen surveillance within strong policy and system frameworks to ensure the translation of technical progress into lasting institutional capacity and sustainable impact. Long-term implementation depends on coordinated investment and advocacy across four interdependent pillars: data architecture, governance and sovereignty, human capital, and technical capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0038725"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Streptococcus suis</i> disease in Southeast Asia: microbiology and epidemiology in humans and pigs.","authors":"Anusak Kerdsin, Suphachai Nuanuansuwan, Rattagan Kajeekul, Nahuel Fittipaldi, Mariela Segura, Marcelo Gottschalk","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00133-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00133-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARY<i>Streptococcus suis</i> is a swine pathogen causing significant economic losses and an important zoonotic agent in humans. Southeast Asia is a high-incidence region, where infection is strongly linked to consumption of raw or undercooked pork and occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Thailand and Vietnam report the highest case numbers, with additional cases in Indonesia (Bali), Malaysia, Singapore, Lao PDR, and Cambodia. Serotype 2 predominates in both humans and pigs, followed by serotype 14, while other serotypes (1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, 24, and 31) are also reported in humans. In pigs, a broader serotype range is observed, including 1 or 14, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 18, 21, 29, 31, and nontypeable strains. Human infections involve multiple clonal complexes (CC1, CC16, CC25, CC28, CC94, CC104, CC233, CC221/234, and CC1688), several overlapping with porcine lineages. The region is also challenged by increasing antimicrobial resistance, with rising non-susceptibility to macrolides and tetracyclines and occasional reduced susceptibility to penicillin. Diagnostic limitations due to misidentification, limited molecular tools, and reliance on conventional methods further complicate surveillance. The economic burden is substantial, driven by swine losses, treatment costs, outbreaks, and severe human disease. Vaccination remains suboptimal due to limited protection against genetically and antigenically diverse strains across serotypes and CCs. An urgent One Health approach integrating animal health, food safety, and human health is needed to monitor <i>S. suis</i> dynamics. Control measures should target farms, slaughterhouses, and retail markets while promoting community-accepted behavioral changes to reduce transmission risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0013325"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA sequencing for microbial surveillance in cystic fibrosis airways: advances, challenges, and clinical translation.","authors":"Jessica A P Carlson-Jones, Thomas R Goddard, Bhavya Papudeshi, Vijini Mallawaarachchi, Katrine L Whiteson, Morgyn S Warner, Judith M Morton, Hubertus P A Jersmann, Robert A Edwards","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00352-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00352-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYDNA sequencing has revolutionized microbial surveillance in cystic fibrosis (CF), transforming pathogen identification from culture-dependent to total microbial community identification using molecular-based approaches. Techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing have uncovered the complexity of the CF airway microbiome, while shotgun metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and viromics now provide strain-level, functional, and viral insights beyond bacterial identification. Despite these advances, key technical and logistical challenges remain, including the processing of high-viscosity sputum samples, overwhelming host DNA contamination, managing large data sets, and the integration of complex bioinformatic outputs into clinical workflows. Emerging innovations such as host DNA depletion protocols, targeted enrichment panels, and adaptive sampling on Oxford Nanopore platforms are helping to overcome these barriers, improving microbial recovery and sequencing efficiency. As cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies are changing the lives of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), sequencing offers an unprecedented opportunity to track potential microbial adaptation in response. This review investigates current advances, limitations, and translational opportunities in DNA sequencing for CF airway microbiome surveillance, highlighting how these technologies can help reshape research and clinical microbiology in the post-modulator era.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0035225"},"PeriodicalIF":20.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}