Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献_第2页

Extracutaneous sporotrichosis. 真皮外的孢子丝菌病。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00140-24

Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto

{"title":"Extracutaneous sporotrichosis.","authors":"Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00140-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00140-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYSporotrichosis is a subacute-to-chronic infection endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. It usually involves subcutaneous tissue but can occasionally cause extracutaneous infections, especially in hyperendemic areas. Extracutaneous infections are classified based on the anatomic location of the lesion and the route of infection (primary or multifocal). The clinical forms are as follows: (i) pulmonary (primary or multifocal); (ii) osteoarticular (primary or multifocal); (iii) ocular (ocular adnexal lesions including eyelid lesions, conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis, and intraocular infections); (iv) central nervous system; and (v) mucosal (primary or disseminated). Multifocal clinical presentations are observed mainly in immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis must be confirmed in the laboratory by mycological examination of the clinical samples. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most commonly used antifungal agents for treating pulmonary, osteoarticular, ocular, and mucosal forms. Treatment may include surgical excision of the initial lesions in pulmonary and osteoarticular forms. The treatment of neurological involvement is far from optimal and is associated with a high mortality rate despite long treatment periods.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0014024"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action. 用局部免疫调节剂治疗皮肤单纯疱疹病毒疾病——行动呼吁。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00147-24

Luisa F Duarte, Javier Carbone-Schellman, Susan M Bueno, Alexis M Kalergis, Claudia A Riedel, Pablo A González

{"title":"Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.","authors":"Luisa F Duarte, Javier Carbone-Schellman, Susan M Bueno, Alexis M Kalergis, Claudia A Riedel, Pablo A González","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00147-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00147-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYAntivirals play important roles in restricting viral diseases. Nevertheless, they act on a relatively limited number of viruses and occasionally display partial effectiveness in some tissues or against escape variants. Although vaccination remains the most cost-effective approach for preventing microbial diseases, developing prophylactic or therapeutic solutions for pathogens, such as herpes simplex viruses (HSVs), that effectively reduce their clinical manifestations in the skin has proven exceptionally challenging despite extensive research. Alternatively, a less explored approach for tackling HSV skin infection involves using topical immunomodulatory molecules to potentiate the host's innate antiviral immune responses. When applied directly to herpetic skin lesions where viral antigen is present, this strategy has the potential to elicit virus-specific adaptive immunity. Based on currently available data, we foresee substantial potential for this approach in addressing HSV skin infections, along with additional prospects to advance understanding of skin biology and apply relevant new findings to other dermatological conditions. However, due to the limited number of case studies evaluating this method and its safety profile, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, further research is crucial, especially to assess the effects of immunomodulators in these vulnerable populations. Here, we revisit and discuss the use of immunomodulatory molecules for potentiating the host immune response against HSV skin infection and call for action for increased research and clinical trials regarding the possible benefits of this latter strategy for treating HSV cutaneous disease and recurrences. We also revisit and discuss antivirals and vaccine candidates against HSVs.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0014724"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation. 临床异种移植感染的监测与预防。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00150-23

Adam G Stewart, Jay A Fishman

{"title":"Surveillance and prevention of infection in clinical xenotransplantation.","authors":"Adam G Stewart, Jay A Fishman","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00150-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00150-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYXenotransplantation, the transplantation of living organs, tissues, or cells between species, carries the potential to address the global shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure. Recent advances in genetic engineering have improved prospects for clinical xenotransplantation by reducing immune and inflammatory responses to grafts, controlling coagulation on endothelial surfaces, and modifying viral risks, including the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Management of infectious risks posed by clinical xenotransplantation requires meticulous attention to the biosecure breeding and microbiological surveillance of source animals and recipients and consideration of novel infection control requirements. Infectious risks in xenotransplantation stem from both known human pathogens in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and from porcine organisms for which the clinical manifestations, microbial assays, and therapies are generally limited. Both known and unknown zoonoses may be transmitted from pigs to humans. Some pig-specific pathogens do not infect human cells but have systemic manifestations when active within the xenograft, including porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), which contributes to graft rejection and consumptive coagulopathy. The role of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in humans remains uncertain despite the absence of documented transmissions and the availability of swine with inactivated genomic PERV. New technologies, such as metagenomic sequencing and multi-omics approaches, will be essential for detection of novel infections and for understanding interactions between the xenograft, the host's immune system, and potential pathogens. These approaches will allow development of infection control protocols, pathogen surveillance requirements, and tailored antimicrobial therapies to enhance the safety and success of clinical xenotransplantation.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015023"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progression of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria meningitidis. 脑膜炎奈瑟菌抗生素耐药性的进展。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-13 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00215-24

Emilio Rodriguez, Yih-Ling Tzeng, Isha Berry, Rebecca Howie, Lucy McNamara, David S Stephens

{"title":"Progression of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria meningitidis.","authors":"Emilio Rodriguez, Yih-Ling Tzeng, Isha Berry, Rebecca Howie, Lucy McNamara, David S Stephens","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00215-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00215-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), usually presenting as meningitis, bacteremia, or sepsis. Unlike Neisseria gonorrhoeae, antibiotic resistance in Nm has developed slowly. However, in the last two decades and with the reemergence of IMD following the COVID-19 pandemic, antibiotic-resistant Nm isolates, especially to penicillin and fluoroquinolones, have progressively increased. Recent worldwide studies of penicillin intermediate and resistant Nm isolates and the PubMLST global database reveal a notable increase in fully penicillin-resistant isolates since 2016, mediated by mosaic penA alleles or the β-lactamase genes blaROB-1 and blaTEM-1. Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, mediated by gyrA mutations, have increased since 2005. Also, while still exceptionally rare, four Nm isolates have been identified with third-generation cephalosporin-resistance since 2011. We review the emergence of antibiotic resistance determinants and lineages in Nm, the resistance to agents previously or currently used in treatment or chemoprophylaxis, and summarize updated treatment and prevention guidelines for IMD. Special populations (e.g., individuals on complement inhibitors) and antibiotic resistance in Nm urethritis isolates are also reviewed. The increasing number of resistant Nm isolates worldwide affects chemoprophylaxis and treatment options for IMD and emphasizes the need for enhanced global surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Nm.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0021524"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunosuppressant imprecision: multidirectional effects on metabolism and microbiome 免疫抑制剂不精确：对代谢和微生物组的多向影响

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00178-24

Allison KensiskiSamuel J. GavzyLong WuValeria MasBing MaJonathan S. Bromberg1Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA3Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAGraeme N. Forrest

引用次数: 0

A call for healing and unity. 呼吁愈合和团结。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00043-25

Patrick D Schloss

引用次数: 0

A call for the United States to continue investing in science. 呼吁美国继续对科学进行投资。

IF 19 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00044-25

Ira Blader, Felicia Goodrum, Michael J Imperiale, Arturo Casadevall, Cesar A Arias, Andreas Baumler, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Christina A Cuomo, Corrella S Detweiler, Graeme N Forrest, Jack A Gilbert, Susan Lovett, Stanley Maloy, Alexander McAdam, Irene Newton, Gemma Reguera, George A O'Toole, Patrick D Schloss, Ashley Shade, Marvin Whiteley

引用次数: 0

Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer 卡介苗免疫治疗膀胱癌的研究进展

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00194-23

George D. LiatsosIlias MariolisEmilia HadziyannisAristotelis BamiasDimitrios Vassilopoulos12nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippokration", Athens, Greece22nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, GreeceGraeme N. ForrestChao Qi

引用次数: 0

Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward 肺炎球菌胶囊类型的最新进展：新发现和未来发展方向

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00175-24

Feroze A. GanaieBernard W. BeallJigui YuMark van der LindenLesley McGeeCatherine SatzkeSam MannaStephanie W. LoStephen D. BentleyNeil RavenscroftMoon H. Nahm1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA2Eagle Global Scientific, LLC, Contractor to Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA3Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany4Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA5Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia6Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia7Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Universit..

引用次数: 0

Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses 抗微生物药物耐药性的同伴：检查常见抗微生物药物耐药性生物在人及其狗、猫和马之间的传播

IF 36.8 1区医学

Clinical Microbiology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00146-22

Benjamin CaddeySibina FisherHerman W. BarkemaDiego B. Nobrega1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary2129, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaAudrey N. SchuetzRobert BowdenDarren Trott

引用次数: 0