Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The American Society for Microbiology collaboration with the CDC Laboratory Medicine Best Practices initiative for evidence-based laboratory medicine.","authors":"Alice S Weissfeld,Vickie Baselski,Nancy E Cornish,Colleen S Kraft,Mark T LaRocco,Peggy McNult,Irving Nachamkin,James Scott Parrott,Sandra S Richter,Matthew Rubinstein,Michael A Saubolle,Robert L Sautter,James W Snyder,Joanna Taliano,Donna M Wolk","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00065-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00065-18","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYClinical medicine has embraced the use of evidence for patient treatment decisions; however, the evaluation strategy for evidence in laboratory medicine practices has lagged. It was not until the end of the 20th century that the Institute of Medicine (IOM), now the National Academy of Medicine, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Systems (CDC DLS), focused on laboratory tests and how testing processes can be designed to benefit patient care. In collaboration with CDC DLS, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) used an evidence review method developed by the CDC DLS to develop a program for creating laboratory testing guidelines and practices. The CDC DLS method is called the Laboratory Medicine Best Practices (LMBP) initiative and uses the A-6 cycle method. Adaptations made by ASM are called Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines (EBLMPG). This review details how the ASM Systematic Review (SR) Processes were developed and executed collaboratively with CDC's DLS. The review also describes the ASM transition from LMBP to the organization's current EBLMPG, maintaining a commitment to working with agencies in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other partners to ensure that EBLMPG evidence is readily understood and consistently used.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Zehan PangAo TangYujie HeJunfen FanQingmao YangYigang TongHuahao Fan1College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China2Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China3School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, ChinaGraeme N. Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00131-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00131-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections caused by Haemophilus ducreyi: one organism, two stories","authors":"Jaffar A. Al-TawfiqStanley M. Spinola1Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA3Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USAGraeme N. Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00135-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00135-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobes in diabetic foot infections: pathophysiology, epidemiology, virulence, and management.","authors":"Fanny Villa, Hélène Marchandin, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Sophie Schuldiner, Nicolas Cellier, Albert Sotto, Paul Loubet","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00143-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00143-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>SUMMARY</b>Diabetic foot infections (DFI) are a public health problem worldwide. DFI are polymicrobial, biofilm-associated infections involving complex bacterial communities organized in functional equivalent pathogroups, all including anaerobes. Indeed, multiple pathophysiological factors favor the growth of anaerobes in this context. However, the prevalence, role, and contribution of anaerobes in wound evolution remain poorly characterized due to their challenging detection. Studies based on culture reviewed herein showed a weighted average of 17% of patients with anaerobes. Comparatively, the weighted average of patients with anaerobes identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was 83.8%. Culture largely underestimated not only the presence but also the diversity of anaerobes compared with cultivation-independent approaches but both methods showed that anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were the most commonly identified in DFI. Anaerobes were more present in deeper lesions, and their detection was associated with fever, malodorous lesions, and ulcer depth and duration. More specifically, initial abundance of <i>Peptoniphilus</i> spp. was associated with ulcer-impaired healing, <i>Fusobacterium</i> spp. detection was significantly correlated with the duration of DFI, and the presence of <i>Bacteroides</i> spp. was significantly associated with amputation. Antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in DFI remains slightly studied and warrants more consideration in the context of increasing resistance of the most frequently identified anaerobes in DFI. The high rate of patients with DFI-involving anaerobes, the increased knowledge on the species identified, their virulence factors, and their potential role in wound evolution support recommendations combining debridement and antibiotic therapy effective on anaerobes in moderate and severe DFI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Clinical Microbiology Reviews</i>: a 21st century vision.","authors":"Graeme N Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00095-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00095-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Bernhard Jandl, Satish Dighe, Christoph Gasche, Athanasios Makristathis, Markus Muttenthaler","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00133-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00133-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bacteriophage therapy: a review with a focus on multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.","authors":"Maria Siopi, Dimitrios Skliros, Paschalis Paranos, Nikoletta Koumasi, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Spyros Pournaras, Joseph Meletiadis","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00044-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00044-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYDespite the early recognition of their therapeutic potential and the current escalation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, the adoption of bacteriophages into mainstream clinical practice is hindered by unfamiliarity with their basic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties, among others. Given the self-replicative nature of bacteriophages in the presence of host bacteria, the adsorption rate, and the clearance by the host's immunity, their PK/PD characteristics cannot be estimated by conventional approaches, and thus, the introduction of new considerations is required. Furthermore, the multitude of different bacteriophage types, preparations, and treatment schedules impedes drawing general conclusions on their <i>in vivo</i> PK/PD features. Additionally, the drawback of acquired bacteriophage resistance of MDR pathogens with clinical and environmental implications should be taken into consideration. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the field of PK and PD of bacteriophage therapy with a focus on its application against MDR Gram-negative infections, highlighting the potential knowledge gaps and the challenges in translation from the bench to the bedside. After reviewing the <i>in vitro</i> PKs and PDs of bacteriophages against the four major MDR Gram-negative pathogens, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> complex, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, specific data on <i>in vivo</i> PKs (tissue distribution, route of administration, and basic PK parameters in animals and humans) and PDs (survival and reduction of bacterial burden in relation to the route of administration, timing of therapy, dosing regimens, and resistance) are summarized. Currently available data merit close scrutiny, and optimization of bacteriophage therapy in the context of a better understanding of the underlying PK/PD principles is urgent to improve its therapeutic effect and to minimize the occurrence of bacteriophage resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis.","authors":"Ferrin Antony, Divya Kinha, Anna Nowińska, Barry T Rouse, Amol Suryawanshi","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00006-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00006-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYHuman alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful neurotropic pathogen that primarily infects the epithelial cells lining the orofacial mucosa. After primary lytic replication in the oral, ocular, and nasal mucosal epithelial cells, HSV-1 establishes life-long latency in neurons within the trigeminal ganglion. Patients with compromised immune systems experience frequent reactivation of HSV-1 from latency, leading to virus entry in the sensory neurons, followed by anterograde transport and lytic replication at the innervated mucosal epithelial surface. Although recurrent infection of the corneal mucosal surface is rare, it can result in a chronic immuno-inflammatory condition called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK leads to gradual vision loss and can cause permanent blindness in severe untreated cases. Currently, there is no cure or successful vaccine to prevent latent or recurrent HSV-1 infections, posing a significant clinical challenge to managing HSK and preventing vision loss. The conventional clinical management of HSK primarily relies on anti-virals to suppress HSV-1 replication, anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) to provide symptomatic relief from pain and inflammation, and surgical interventions in more severe cases to replace damaged cornea. However, each clinical treatment strategy has limitations, such as local and systemic drug toxicities and the emergence of anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains. In this review, we summarize the factors and immune cells involved in HSK pathogenesis and highlight alternate therapeutic strategies for successful clinical management of HSK. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of immunoregulatory cytokines and immunometabolism modulators as promising HSK therapies against emerging anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> subsp. <i>equisimilis</i> infection and its intersection with <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>.","authors":"Ouli Xie, Mark R Davies, Steven Y C Tong","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00175-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00175-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARY<i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> subsp. <i>equisimilis</i> (SDSE) is an increasingly recognized cause of disease in humans. Disease manifestations range from non-invasive superficial skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Invasive disease is usually associated with co-morbidities, immunosuppression, and advancing age. The crude incidence of invasive disease approaches that of the closely related pathogen, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>. Genomic epidemiology using whole-genome sequencing has revealed important insights into global SDSE population dynamics including emerging lineages and spread of anti-microbial resistance. It has also complemented observations of overlapping pathobiology between SDSE and <i>S. pyogenes</i>, including shared virulence factors and mobile gene content, potentially underlying shared pathogen phenotypes. This review provides an overview of the clinical and genomic epidemiology, disease manifestations, treatment, and virulence determinants of human infections with SDSE with a particular focus on its overlap with <i>S. pyogenes</i>. In doing so, we highlight the importance of understanding the overlap of SDSE and <i>S. pyogenes</i> to inform surveillance and disease control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11392527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-associated cancers and lymphoproliferative disorders caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus.","authors":"Kathryn A Lurain, Ramya Ramaswami, Laurie T Krug, Denise Whitby, Joseph M Ziegelbauer, Hao-Wei Wang, Robert Yarchoan","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00022-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00022-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYWithin weeks of the first report of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, it was observed that these patients often had Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a hitherto rarely seen skin tumor in the USA. It soon became apparent that AIDS was also associated with an increased incidence of high-grade lymphomas caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The association of AIDS with KS remained a mystery for more than a decade until Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was discovered and found to be the cause of KS. KSHV was subsequently found to cause several other diseases associated with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. People living with HIV/AIDS continue to have an increased incidence of certain cancers, and many of these cancers are caused by EBV and/or KSHV. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of cancers caused by EBV and KSHV in persons living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}