Clinical Microbiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Toward better cures for <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> lung disease.","authors":"Véronique Dartois, Thomas Dick","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00080-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00080-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe opportunistic pathogen <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (Mab) causes fatal lung infections that bear similarities-and notable differences-with tuberculosis (TB) pulmonary disease. In contrast to TB, no antibiotic is formally approved to treat Mab disease, there is no reliable cure, and the discovery and development pipeline is incredibly thin. Here, we discuss the factors behind the unsatisfactory cure rates of Mab disease, namely intrinsic resistance and persistence of the pathogen, and the use of underperforming, often parenteral and toxic, repurposed drugs. We propose preclinical strategies to build injectable-free sterilizing and safe regimens: (i) prioritize oral bactericidal antibiotic classes, with an initial focus on approved agents or advanced clinical candidates to provide immediate options for desperate patients, (ii) test drug combinations early, (iii) optimize novel leads specifically for <i>M. abscessus</i>, and (iv) consider pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets at the site of disease, the lung lesions in which drug tolerant bacterial populations reside. Knowledge and tool gaps in the preclinical drug discovery process are identified, including validated mouse models and computational platforms to enable <i>in vitro</i> mouse-human translation. We briefly discuss recent advances in clinical development, the need for readouts and biomarkers that correlate with cure, and clinical trial concepts adapted to the uniqueness of Mab patient populations for new regimen development. In an era when most pharmaceutical firms have withdrawn from antimicrobial drug discovery, the breakthroughs needed to fill the regimen development pipeline will likely come from partnerships between academia, biotech, pharma, non-profit organizations, and governments, with incentives that reward cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008023"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenges of difficult-to-treat <i>Acinetobacter</i> infections.","authors":"Guy A Richards, Olga Perovic, Adrian J Brink","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00093-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00093-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYInfections due to <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. are among the most difficult to treat. Most are resistant to standard antibiotics, and there is difficulty in distinguishing colonizers from pathogens. This mini-review examines the available antibiotics that exhibit activity against these organisms and provides guidance as to which cultures are relevant and how to treat active infections. Antibiograms describing resistance mechanisms and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are essential to determine which agent or combination of agents should be used after confirmation of infection, utilizing clinical parameters and biomarkers such as procalcitonin. Directed therapy should be prompt as despite its reputation as a colonizer, the attributable mortality is high. However, although combination therapy is advised, no specific combination has definite evidence of superiority.</p>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0009324"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Robert L Sautter, James Scott Parrott, Irving Nachamkin, Christen Diel, Ryan J Tom, April M Bobenchik, Judith Young Bradford, Peter Gilligan, Diane C Halstead, P Rocco LaSala, A Brian Mochon, Joel E Mortensen, Lindsay Boyce, Vickie Baselski","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00087-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/cmr.00087-24","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection. False positives due to blood culture contamination (BCC) vary from 1% to as high as &gt;10% of all BC results. False-positive BC results may result in patients undergoing unnecessary antimicrobial treatments, increased healthcare costs, and delay in detecting the true cause of infection or other non-infectious illness. Previous guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, College of American Pathologists, and others, based on expert opinion and surveys, promoted a limit of ≤3% as acceptable for BCC rates. However, the data supporting such recommendations are controversial. A previous systematic review of BCC examined three practices for reducing BCC rates (venipuncture, phlebotomy teams, and pre-packaged kits). Subsequently, numerous studies on different practices including using diversion devices, disinfectants, and education/training to lower BCC have been published. The goal of the current guideline is to identify beneficial intervention strategies to reduce BCC rates, including devices, practices, and education/training by providers in collaboration with the laboratory. We performed a systematic review of the literature between 2017 and 2022 using numerous databases. Of the 11,319 unique records identified, 311 articles were sought for full-text review, of which 177 were reviewed; 126 of the full-text articles were excluded based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from a total of 49 articles included in the final analysis. An evidenced-based committee's expert panel reviewed all the references as mentioned in Data Collection and determined if the articles met the inclusion criteria. Data from extractions were captured within an extraction template in the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Systematic Review Data Repository (https://srdr.ahrq.gov/). BCC rates were captured as the number of events (contaminated samples) per arm (standard practice versus improvement practice). Modified versions of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools were used for risk of bias assessment (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools). We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations to assess strength of evidence. There are several interventions that resulted in significant reduction in BCC rates: chlorhexidine as a disinfectant for skin preparation, using a diversion device prior to drawing BCs, using sterile technique practices, using a phlebotomy team to obtain BCs, and education/training programs. While there were no substantial differences between methods of decreasing BCC, our results indicate that the method of implementation can determine the success or ","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008724"},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor","authors":"Robert B. MorelandLinda BrubakerLana TinawiAlan J. Wolfe1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA2Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USAGraeme N. ForrestRajvinder KhasriyaNazema Siddiqui","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00129-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00129-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enriching the future of public health microbiology with hybridization bait capture","authors":"Megan S. BeaudryMohammad Imtiaj Uddin BhuiyanTravis C. Glenn1Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA2Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA3Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USAGraeme N. Forrest","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00068-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00068-22","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory detection of carbapenemases among Gram-negative organisms","authors":"Patricia J. SimnerJohann D. D. PitoutTanis C. Dingle1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA3Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada4Alberta Precision Laboratories, Diagnostic Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada5University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa6Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaGraeme N. ForrestChristopher PfeifferKevin Alby","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00054-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00054-22","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models for exploring Chagas disease pathogenesis and supporting drug discovery","authors":"Archie A. KhanMartin C. TaylorAmanda Fortes FranciscoShiromani JayawardhanaRichard L. AthertonFrancisco OlmoMichael D. LewisJohn M. Kelly1Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United KingdomLouisa A. MessengerValeria Tekiel","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00155-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00155-23","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the global impact and distribution of tick paralysis, a deadly neurological yet fully reversible condition.","authors":"Yuan-Ping Deng,Yi-Tian Fu,Hany M Elsheikha,Mei-Ling Cao,Xing-Quan Zhu,Jin-Lei Wang,Xue-Ling Zhang,Shi-Chen Xie,Chaoqun Yao,Guo-Hua Liu","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00074-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00074-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYTick paralysis is a potentially fatal condition caused by neurotoxins secreted by the salivary glands of certain ticks. Documented cases have been reported worldwide, predominantly in the United States, Canada, and Australia, with additional reports from Europe and Africa. This condition also affects animals, leading to significant economic losses and adverse impacts on animal health and welfare. To date, 75 tick species, mostly hard ticks, have been identified as capable of causing this life-threatening condition. Due to symptom overlap with other conditions, accurate diagnosis of tick paralysis is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, which could result in adverse patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on tick paralysis, including the implicated tick species, global distribution, tick toxins, molecular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention. Enhancing awareness among medical and veterinary professionals is critical for improving the management of tick paralysis and its health impacts on both humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":"e0007424"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the host response for precision infectious disease diagnosis.","authors":"E Wilbur Woodhouse,Micah T McClain,Christopher W Woods","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00078-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00078-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYDetection of the presence of infection and its etiology must be accurate and timely to facilitate appropriate antimicrobial use. Diagnostic strategies that rely solely on pathogen detection often are insufficient due to poor test characteristics, inability to differentiate colonization from infection, or protracted delay to result. Understanding the human response across different pathogens on a clinical and molecular level can provide more accurate, timely, and useful answers, especially in critical illness and diagnostic uncertainty. Improvements in understanding the human immune response including genomics, protein analysis, gene expression, and cellular morphology have led to rapid innovation of new host response-based diagnostic tests. This review describes the limitations of pathogen-focused technology and the benefits of examining the breadth of immune response to diagnose infection. It then explores biomarkers that have been studied for this purpose and scrutinizes the performance of host-based multianalyte testing. Currently cleared diagnostics and those in late-stage development are described in depth, with a focus on the purpose of testing and its utility for clinicians. Finally, it concludes by examining opportunities for further host response-derived diagnostic innovation.","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"e0007824"},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisinin-resistant malaria","authors":"N. J. WhiteK. Chotivanich1Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand2Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom3Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFerric C. FangSunil Parikh","doi":"10.1128/cmr.00109-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00109-24","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":10378,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}