Clinical Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"A Validation of the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register – With Focus on Histopathology, Complications and Recurrences","authors":"Örvar Arnarson, Peter Moberger, Filip Sköldberg, Kenneth Smedh, Helgi Birgisson, Ingvar Syk","doi":"10.2147/clep.s466029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s466029","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> There is an urgent need to evaluate the quality of healthcare systems to improve and deliver high-quality care. Clinical registries have become important platforms for performance measurements, improvements, and clinical research. Hence, the quality of data in registries is crucial. This study aimed to assess the validity of data in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register (SCRCR).<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Seven hundred patients from 12 hospitals were randomly selected and proportionally distributed among three different hospital categories in Sweden using two-stage cluster sampling. Validity was assessed by re-abstracting data from the medical files of patients reported to the SCRCR in 2015. Data on histopathology, postoperative complications, and a 3-year follow-up were selected for validation. Re-abstracted data were defined as source data, and validity was defined as the proportion of cases in the SRCRC dataset that agreed with the source data. Validity was expressed as the percentage of exact agreement of non-missing data in both data sets, and Cohen´s kappa coefficient (κ) was used to measure the strength of the agreement.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The median agreement of the categorical histopathology variables was 93.4% (κ = 0.83). The general postoperative complication variable showed substantial agreement (84.3%, κ = 0.61). Likewise, the variable for overall cancer recurrence showed an almost perfect agreement (95.7%, κ = 0.86), whereas specific variables for local recurrence and distant recurrence displayed only moderate and fair agreement (85.9% and 89.1%, κ = 0.58 and 0.34, respectively).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Validation of the SCRCR data showed high validity of pathology data and recurrence rates, whereas detailed data on recurrence were not as good. Data on postoperative complications were less reliable, although the incidence and Clavien–Dindo grading of severe complications (grade 3b or higher) were reliable.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Call versus General Practitioner Requested Ambulances – Patient Mortality, Disease Severity and Pattern","authors":"Morten Breinholt Søvsø, Rasmine Birch Haurum, Trine Hagelskær Ebbesen, Ann Øster Rasmussen, Logan Morgan Ward, Mads Lause Mogensen, Erika Frischknecht Christensen, Tim Alex Lindskou","doi":"10.2147/clep.s469430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s469430","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction:</strong> Ambulance requests by general practitioners for primary care patients (GP-requested) are often omitted in studies on increased demand within emergency care but may comprise a substantial patient group. We aimed to assess acute severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and diagnostic pattern, including comorbidity, and mortality among GP-requested ambulance patients, compared to emergency call ambulance patients. Our hypothesis was that emergency call patients had more severe health issues than GP-requested ambulance patients.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Historic population-based cohort study of ambulance patients in the North Denmark Region, 2016– 2020. Hospital contact data including diagnoses, ambulance data, vital signs and vital status was linked using each patient’s unique identification number. Primary outcome measure was mortality within 1, 7, and 30 days. Secondary outcomes were disease severity expressed as modified National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), and ICU admission. Admission status and hospital diagnostic pattern, including comorbidity were described and compared.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> We included 255,487 patients. GP-requested patients (N = 119,361, 46.7%) were older (median years [IQR] 73 [58– 83] versus 61 [37– 76]) and more had moderate/severe comorbidity (11.9%, N = 13,806 versus 4.9%, N = 6145) than the emergency call patients. Prehospital mNEWS2 median scores were lower for GP-requested patients. For both groups, mNEWS2 was highest among patients aged 66+. GP-requested patients had higher 30-day mortality (9.0% (95% CI: 8.8– 9.2), N = 8996) than emergency call patients (5.2% (95% CI: 5.1– 5.4), N = 6727). Circulatory (12.0%, 11,695/97,112) and respiratory diseases (11.6%, 11,219/97,112) were more frequent among GP-requested patients than emergency call patients ((10.7%, 12,640/118,102) and (5.8%, 6858/118,102)). The highest number of deaths was found for health issues ‘circulatory diseases’ in the emergency call group and ‘other factors’ followed by “respiratory diseases” in the GP-requested group.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> GP-requested patients constituted nearly half of the EMS volume, they were older, with more comorbidity, had serious conditions with substantial acute severity, and a higher 30-day mortality than emergency call patients.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> emergency medical services, mortality, diagnoses, early warning scores, after-hours care, primary healthcare, general practitioners<br/>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confounding and Negative Control Methods in Observational Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness: A Nationwide, Population-Based Danish Health Registry Study","authors":"Niels Obel, Matthew P Fox, Malte M Tetens, Lars Pedersen, Tyra Grove Krause, Henrik Ullum, Henrik Toft Sørensen","doi":"10.2147/clep.s468572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s468572","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Observational studies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness are prone to confounding, which can be illustrated using negative control methods.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Nationwide population-based cohort study including two cohorts of Danish residents 60– 90 years of age matched 1:1 on age and sex: A vaccinated and a non-vaccinated cohort, including 61052 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals between 1 March and 1 July 2021 and 61052 individuals not vaccinated preceding 1 July 2021. From these two cohorts, we constructed negative control cohorts of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection or acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, low energy fracture, or head-trauma. Outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 infection, negative control outcomes (eg, mammography, prostate biopsy, operation for cataract, malignant melanoma, examination of eye and ear), and death. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted incidence and mortality rate ratios (aIRR and aMRR).<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Risks of SARS-CoV2 infection and all negative control outcomes were elevated in the vaccinated population, ranging from an aIRR of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09– 1.21) for eye examinations to 3.05 (95% CI: 2.24– 4.14) for malignant melanoma. Conversely, the risk of death in the SARS-CoV-2 infected cohort and in all negative control cohorts was lower in vaccinated individuals, ranging from an aMRR of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19– 0.26) after SARS-CoV-2 infection to 0.50 (95% CI: 0.37– 0.67) after stroke.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings indicate that observational studies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness may be subject to substantial confounding. Therefore, randomized trials are essential to establish vaccine efficacy after the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the rollout of multiple booster vaccines.<br/><br/><strong>Plain Language Summary:</strong> <strong>Why was this study done</strong>: After the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the rollout of multiple booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the impact of vaccination on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death after the infection has mainly been explored in observational studies. We used negative control methods to investigate whether confounding affects the results of observational SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness studies.<br/><strong>Findings</strong>: We used Danish registry data obtained during the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine roll-out to conduct a nationwide, matched population-based cohort study of Danish residents 60– 90 years in which we compared vaccinated individuals with non-vaccinated individuals. Compared with unvaccinated individuals, vaccinated individuals had increased risks of SARS-CoV2 infection but also had increased risks of all negative control outcomes (mammography, prostate biopsy, operation for cataract, malignant melanoma, examination of eye and ear). The risk of death after SARS-CoV2 infection was lower in the vaccinated cohort, as was the risk of death after acute myocardia","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Second Primary Cancer Among Patients with Cardio-Esophageal Cancer in Finland: A Nationwide Population-Based Study","authors":"Rayan Nikkilä, Elli Hirvonen, Janne Pitkäniemi, Jari V Räsänen, Nea K Malila, Antti Mäkitie","doi":"10.2147/clep.s471802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s471802","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> The occurrence of a second primary cancer (SPC) after primary esophageal carcinoma (EC) or gastric cardia carcinoma(GCC) is well acknowledged. However, previous research on the risk of SPC among these patients has been predominantly conducted in Asian countries. Yet, notable population-dependent variation in histological types and risk profiles exists. This register-based study assesses the histology-specific risk of SPC among individuals initially diagnosed with a first primary EC or GCC.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> We obtained data on 7197 patients diagnosed with EC/GCC in Finland between 1980 and 2022 from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of SPC were subsequently calculated relatively to the cancer risk of the general population.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The average and median follow-up times were 2.8 years and 10.5 months. Adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas comprised 57.8% (n = 4165) and 36.6% (n = 2631) of all cases, respectively. An increased SIR was noted among EC/GCC patients after 15– 20 years of follow-up (SIR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01– 2.11). Among adenocarcinoma patients, an increased SIR for SPCs of the digestive organs was seen in the 40– 54-year-old group (SIR 9.86, 95% CI: 3.62– 21.45). Squamous cell carcinoma patients displayed increased SIRs for cancer of the mouth/pharynx (SIR 3.20, 95% CI: 1.17– 6.95) and respiratory organs (1.77, 1.07– 2.76).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Healthcare professionals should be aware of the increased risk of SPCs occurring in the mouth/pharynx, respiratory and digestive organs in survivors of EC/GCC. Patients should be advised about this risk and remain alert for symptoms, even beyond the standard 5-year follow-up period.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia carcinoma, tumor, second primary cancer<br/>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Observations from the German Claims Data-Based Cohort of the CaReMe-CKD Multinational Study","authors":"Johannes Leiner, Vincent Pellissier, Sebastian König, Lars Stellmacher, Sven Hohenstein, Carolin Schanner, Stefan Kwast, Ralf Kuhlen, Andreas Bollmann","doi":"10.2147/clep.s459767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s459767","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally. Both conditions substantially worsen patients’ prognosis. Current data on German in-hospital CKD cohorts are scarce. The multinational CaReMe study was initiated to evaluate the current epidemiology and healthcare burden of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases. In this substudy, we share real-world data on CKD inpatients stratified for coexisting T2DM derived from a large German hospital network.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> This study used administrative data of inpatient cases from 89 Helios hospitals from 01/01/2016 to 28/02/2022. Data were extracted from ICD-10-encoded discharge diagnoses and OPS-encoded procedures. The first case meeting a previously developed CKD definition (defined by ICD-10- and OPS-codes) was considered the index case for a particular patient. Subsequent hospitalizations were analysed for readmission statistics. Patient characteristics and pre-defined endpoints were stratified for T2DM at index case.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> In total, 48,011 patients with CKD were included in the present analysis (mean age ± standard deviation, 73.8 ± 13.1 years; female, 44%) of whom 47.9% had co-existing T2DM. Patients with T2DM were older (75 ± 10.6 vs 72.7 ± 14.9 years, p &lt; 0.001), but gender distribution was similar to patients without T2DM. The burden of cardiovascular disease was increased in patients with T2DM, and index and follow-up in-hospital mortality rates were higher. Non-T2DM patients were characterised by more advanced CKD at baseline. Patients with T2DM had consistently higher readmission numbers for all events of interest, except for readmissions due to kidney failure/dialysis, which were more common in non-T2DM patients.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study, we present recent data on hospitalized patients with CKD in Germany. In this CKD cohort, nearly half had T2DM, which substantially affected cardiovascular disease burden, rehospitalization frequency and mortality. Interestingly, non-diabetic patients had more advanced underlying renal disease, which affected renal outcomes. <br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, administrative data, in-hospital mortality, kidney failure, rehospitalization<br/>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Personal Symptom Networks Using the Ising Model for Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Simulation Study with Real-World Data Application","authors":"Yiwang Zhou, Madeline R Horan, Samira Deshpande, Kirsten K Ness, Melissa M Hudson, I-Chan Huang, Deokumar Srivastava","doi":"10.2147/clep.s464104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s464104","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Childhood cancer survivors experience interconnected symptoms, patterns of which can be elucidated by network analysis. However, current symptom networks are constructed based on the average survivors without considering individual heterogeneities. We propose to evaluate personal symptom network estimation using the Ising model with covariates through simulations and estimate personal symptom network for adult childhood cancer survivors.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> We adopted the Ising model with covariates to construct networks by employing logistic regressions for estimating associations between binary symptoms. Simulation experiments assessed the robustness of this method in constructing personal symptom network. Real-world data illustration included 1708 adult childhood cancer survivors from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE), a retrospective cohort study with prospective follow-up to characterize the etiology and late effects for childhood cancer survivors. Patients’ baseline symptoms in 10 domains (cardiac, pulmonary, sensation, nausea, movement, pain, memory, fatigue, anxiety, depression) and individual characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, attained education, personal income, and marital status) were self-reported using survey. Treatment variables (any chemo or radiation therapy) were obtained from medical records. Personal symptom network of 10 domains was estimated using the Ising model, incorporating individual characteristics and treatment data.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Simulations confirmed the robustness of the Ising model with covariates in constructing personal symptom networks. Real-world data analysis identified age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and treatment (any chemo and radiation therapy) as major factors influencing symptom co-occurrence. Older childhood cancer survivors showed stronger cardiac-fatigue associations. Survivors of racial/ethnic minorities had stronger pain-fatigue associations. Female survivors with above-college education demonstrated stronger pain-anxiety associations. Unmarried survivors who received radiation had stronger association between movement and memory problems.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The Ising model with covariates accurately estimates personal symptom networks. Individual heterogeneities exist in symptom co-occurrence patterns for childhood cancer survivors. The estimated personal symptom network offers insights into interconnected symptom experiences.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> bootstrap testing, individual heterogeneity, Ising model, network analysis, sociodemographic<br/>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen Shoulder and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Danish Registry-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Nadia R Gadgaard, Katalin Veres, Victor W Henderson, Alma B Pedersen","doi":"10.2147/CLEP.S463571","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CLEP.S463571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frozen shoulder may be an early preclinical symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine PD risk after frozen shoulder diagnosis and to evaluate this disorder as a possible manifestation of parkinsonism preceding the clinical recognition of PD and possible target for screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Danish population-based medical registries were used to identify patients aged ≥40 years with a first-time frozen shoulder diagnosis (1995-2016). A comparison cohort was randomly selected from the general population matched on age and sex. To address detection bias and the specificity of frozen shoulder diagnosis, we performed a sensitivity analysis, using similar matching criteria to select a cohort of patients with back pain diagnosis. The outcome was incident PD. Cumulative incidences and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 37,041 individuals with frozen shoulder, 370,410 general population comparators, and 111,101 back pain comparators. The cumulative incidence of PD at 0-22 years follow-up was 1.51% in the frozen shoulder cohort, 1.03% in the general population cohort, and 1.32% in the back pain cohort. For frozen shoulder versus general population, adjusted HRs were 1.94 (CI: 1.20-3.13) at 0-1 years and 1.45 (CI: 1.24-1.70) at 0-22 years follow-up. For frozen shoulder versus back pain, adjusted HRs were 0.89 (CI: 0.54-1.46) and 1.01 (CI: 0.84-1.21), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with frozen shoulder had an increased PD risk compared with the general population, although the absolute risks were low. Frozen shoulder might sometimes represent early manifestations of PD. Detection bias probably cannot account for the increased PD risk during the long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Development and Validation of a META-Algorithm to Identify the Indications of Use of Biological Drugs Approved for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases from Claims Databases: Insights from the VALORE Project\". [Response to Letter].","authors":"Andrea Spini, Luca L'Abbate, Ylenia Ingrasciotta, Giorgia Pellegrini, Massimo Carollo, Valentina Ientile, Olivia Leoni, Martina Zanforlini, Domenica Ancona, Paolo Stella, Anna Cavazzana, Angela Scapin, Sara Lopes, Valeria Belleudi, Gianluca Trifirò","doi":"10.2147/CLEP.S482719","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CLEP.S482719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Routinely Collected Electronic Healthcare Record Data to Investigate Fibrotic Multimorbidity in England.","authors":"Georgie M Massen, Hannah R Whittaker, Sarah Cook, Gisli Jenkins, Richard J Allen, Louise V Wain, Iain Stewart, Jennifer K Quint","doi":"10.2147/CLEP.S463499","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CLEP.S463499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic healthcare records (EHRs) are used to document diagnoses, symptoms, tests, and prescriptions. Though not primarily collected for research purposes, owing to the size of the data as well as the depth of information collected, they have been used extensively to conduct epidemiological research. The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is an EHR database containing representative data of the UK population with regard to age, sex, race, and social deprivation measures. Fibrotic conditions are characterised by excessive scarring, contributing towards organ dysfunction and eventual organ failure. Fibrosis is associated with ageing as well as many other factors, it is hypothesised that fibrotic conditions are caused by the same underlying pathological mechanism. We calculated the prevalence of fibrotic conditions (as defined in a previous Delphi survey of clinicians) as well as the prevalence of fibrotic multimorbidity (the proportion of people with multiple fibrotic conditions).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included a random sample of 993,370 UK adults, alive, and enrolled at a UK general practice, providing data to the CPRD Aurum database as of 1st of January 2015. Individuals had to be eligible for linkage to hospital episode statistics (HES) and ONS death registration. We calculated the point prevalence of fibrotic conditions and multi-morbid fibrosis on the 1st of January 2015. Using death records of those who died in 2015, we investigated the prevalence of fibrosis associated death. We explored the most commonly co-occurring fibrotic conditions and determined the settings in which diagnoses were commonly made (primary care, secondary care or after death).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The point prevalence of any fibrotic condition was 21.46%. In total, 6.00% of people had fibrotic multimorbidity. Of the people who died in 2015, 34.82% had a recording of a fibrotic condition listed on their death certificate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The key finding was that fibrotic multimorbidity affects approximately 1 in 16 people.</p>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Incidence and Short-Term Survival for Common Solid Tumours in the United Kingdom: A Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Nicola L Barclay, Theresa Burkard, Edward Burn, Antonella Delmestri, Andrea Miquel Dominguez, Asieh Golozar, Carlos Guarner-Argente, Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado, Wai Yi Man, Àlvar Roselló Serrano, Andreas Weinberger Rosen, Eng Hooi Tan, Ilona Tietzova, Daniel Prieto Alhambra, Danielle Newby","doi":"10.2147/CLEP.S463160","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CLEP.S463160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected healthcare systems and patients. There is a need to comprehend the collateral effects of the pandemic on non-communicable diseases. We examined the impact of the pandemic on short-term survival for common solid tumours, including breast, colorectal, head and neck, liver, lung, oesophageal, pancreatic, prostate, and stomach cancer in the UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a population-based cohort study of electronic health records from the UK primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database. In sum, 12,259,744 eligible patients aged ≥18 years with ≥1 year's history identified from January 2000 to December 2022 were included. We estimated age-standardised incidence and short-term (one- and two-year) survival for several common cancers from 2000 to 2019 (in five-year strata) and compared these to 2020-2022 using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incidence decreased for most cancers in 2020 and recovered to different extents in 2021-2022. Short-term survival improved for most cancers between 2000 and 2019, but then declined, albeit minimally, for those diagnosed in 2020-2022. This was most pronounced for colorectal cancer, with one-year survival falling from 78.8% (95% CI 78%-79.6%) in 2015-2019 to 77% (95% CI 75.6-78.3%) for those diagnosed in 2020-2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term survival for many cancers was impacted, albeit minimally, by the pandemic in the UK, with reductions in survivorship from colorectal cancer equivalent to returning to the mortality seen in the first decade of the 2000s. While data on longer-term survival are needed to fully comprehend the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care, our findings illustrate the need for an urgent and substantial commitment from the UK National Health Service to address the existing backlog in cancer screening and diagnostic procedures to improve cancer care and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10362,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11179647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}