Umile Giuseppe Longo, Alessandro Mazzola, Giovanna Stelitano, Silvia Dsoke Ip, Gianfilippo Barneschi, Marina Marescalchi, Alessandra Corradini Ip, Alice Ceccaroli Ip, Alessandro de Sire, Pieter D'hooghe, Ilaria Piergentili, Erika Lemme
{"title":"2019 Marathon of Rome: Relationship Between Resilience and Coping Strategies in 682 Runners.","authors":"Umile Giuseppe Longo, Alessandro Mazzola, Giovanna Stelitano, Silvia Dsoke Ip, Gianfilippo Barneschi, Marina Marescalchi, Alessandra Corradini Ip, Alice Ceccaroli Ip, Alessandro de Sire, Pieter D'hooghe, Ilaria Piergentili, Erika Lemme","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate, in runners participating in the 2019 Rome Marathon, the interaction between resilience and coping and how they are influenced by sex, age, body weight, height, number of weekly training sessions, and the time of the last marathon.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The 2019 Marathon of Rome.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Six hundred eighty-two athletes (513 men and 169 women; mean age: 47.7 ± 10.6 years, range 19-80 years).</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Runners filled in the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI) questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed by means of the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman rho. An a priori power analysis was calculated.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (for resilience) and ACSI (for coping) questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 682 athletes (513 men and 169 women; mean age: 47.7 ± 10.6 years; mean weight: 70.2 ± 9.6 kg; mean height: 172.8 ± 7.5 cm; mean BMI 23.5 ± 2.5) were included. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between resilience and coping (rho = 0.49 and P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in resilience and coping according to sex, age, BMI, and impact profile (number of training sessions per week). No statistically significant correlations were observed between resilience and performance (ie, last marathon time) and between coping and performance (rho = 0.02 and P = 0.565, rho = 0.04 and P = 0.316; respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher levels of resilience correspond with higher levels of coping in adult marathon runner athletes. These factors/characteristics do not correlate with marathon times (sports performance). Physical or demographic features do not influence resilience and coping strategies in adult athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon Pham, Zachary Sigman, Papa Abdoulaye Diack, Daria Bradley, Shariff K Bishai
{"title":"Orthopedic Injuries in Youth Ice Hockey Athletes During Peak Height Velocity: A Review.","authors":"Brandon Pham, Zachary Sigman, Papa Abdoulaye Diack, Daria Bradley, Shariff K Bishai","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Youth ice hockey is a popular sport worldwide. Because of its high physical demand and full contact nature of the game, injuries are common. Adolescent athletes, specifically those nearing the peak height velocity (PHV), represent a vulnerable subset of patients with particular susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries. Despite the concerns for athlete health, the overall incidence of injuries continues to rise.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review current literature on common orthopedic injuries in youth ice hockey athletes with particular emphasis on mechanisms and pathology related to those during PHV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Current literature was surveyed focusing on epidemiology, injury mechanisms, and pathology of orthopedic injuries observed commonly in youth ice hockey athletes. Special attention was given to injuries related to skeletal immaturity, physeal injuries, apophysitis/overuse injuries, and size mismatch among similarly aged cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extremity injuries remain common with upper extremity involvement occurring more often than lower extremity injuries. During PHV, changes in limb length result in muscle imbalance and altered neuromuscular control. In addition, the open physis remains weakened. These developmental changes, combined with high collision forces, size mismatch in similarly aged cohorts, and increased skating volume, amplify injury risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents during PHV represent a vulnerable subset of patients with increased risk of orthopedic injuries. Understanding growth-related risk factors-physeal susceptibility, size mismatch, and sport demand-is essential to developing injury prevention strategies and directing future research on athlete safety during development.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allison N Schroeder, Allison C Bean, Yetsa A Tuakli-Wosornu, Chad A Asplund, Lyndsey Booker, Roshawn Brown, Andrew Krueger, Carly Day
{"title":"College Student-Athlete Preferences for the Gender Identity, Race, and Ethnicity of Their Athletic Trainers and Team Physicians.","authors":"Allison N Schroeder, Allison C Bean, Yetsa A Tuakli-Wosornu, Chad A Asplund, Lyndsey Booker, Roshawn Brown, Andrew Krueger, Carly Day","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate student-athlete (SA) preference for gender identity, race, and ethnicity of their athletic trainers (ATs) and team physicians and understand reasons for these preferences.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Online survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) SAs.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>SAs gender, race, and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>SA preference for gender, race, and ethnicity of ATs and team physicians.</p><p><strong>Resultsatotalof: </strong>212 NCAA SAs completed the study. Those of minority gender (female), ethnicity (Hispanic), and race (non-white) were more likely to prefer ATs with concordant characteristics and this was significant for gender (odds ratio [OR] for ATs 8.81; OR for team physicians 4.41; both P < 0.01) and race (OR for ATs 12.25; OR for team physicians 10.22; both P ≤ 0.01) but not statistically significant for ethnicity (OR for ATs and team physicians 4.25; both P = 0.9). SAs cited the importance of professional competence, comfort during physical treatment, and empathy and relatability as reasons for their preferences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NCAA SAs who identify as female or non-white race significantly prefer ATs and team physicians with concordant demographic characteristics. Understanding these preferences when building medical teams may help SAs feel safe and valued by their medical providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert S Dean, Tanner J Hafen, Ryan McNassor, Leonardo Cavinatto, Conor M Dolson, Kevin X Farley, Betina B Hinckel
{"title":"General Perceptions of Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of ACL Tears Using an Online Survey Platform.","authors":"Robert S Dean, Tanner J Hafen, Ryan McNassor, Leonardo Cavinatto, Conor M Dolson, Kevin X Farley, Betina B Hinckel","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the general population's perceptions of conservative treatment compared with surgical intervention for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey study analyzing public opinions on ACL treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A 44-question survey constructed by the current authors.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were recruited from a web-based survey that was developed using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a validated online crowd source platform. This study recruited adult participants ≥18 years of age and those residing in the United States.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Demographic data, prior exposure to ACL injuries, and preferences for surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Demographic, educational, vocational, and prior surgical variables were collected.</p><p><strong>Resultsintotal,: </strong>529 participants were included with mean age of 43.4 ± 12.5 years. A total of 38.5% of respondents preferred surgical treatment, while 61.5% chose nonoperative care. Among competitive athletes, 73.6% favored surgery compared with only 25.7% of nonathletes who preferred operative treatment (P < 0.01). Physician recommendations significantly influenced decisions, with 76.7% of participants stating they would follow their surgeon's advice if they initially preferred surgery but were recommended to surgery by their surgeon. The main reasons for choosing surgery were concerns for long-term joint health and the desire to return to high-level activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public perception of ACL injury management is influenced by athletic participation, trust in medical professionals, and concerns about surgery. These findings highlight the need for enhanced patient education and shared decision making to align treatment choices with individual goals and clinical outcomes. Future research should explore targeted educational interventions and their impact on treatment preferences, particularly in younger, high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148148809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical and Competitive Implications of FIFA's Two-Minute Medical Removal Rule.","authors":"Moath Alshanqity, Abdulrahman Y Sabbag","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001488","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk Factors for Menstrual Dysfunction in Junior Athletes.","authors":"Haruka Morota, Noriko Motoki, Hotaru Fukushima, Takumi Shibazaki, Chizuko Nakamura","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate the risk factors for menstrual dysfunction in junior athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Consecutive junior female athletes with menstrual dysfunction who visited the Shinshu University Hospital enrolled in this study. The control group comprised normal healthy athletes during a routine first-year health checkup at the Matsusho Gakuen High School.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 61 female junior athletes were analyzed in this study, including 21 in the menstrual dysfunction group (median age: 16.0 years) and 40 in the control group (median age: 15.6 years).</p><p><strong>Assessment of risk factors: </strong>Information on anthropometric parameters, exercise behavior, lifestyle, and blood data of the study cohort was compared with that of normal healthy adolescent athletes as a control group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for menstrual dysfunction in junior athletes.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Menstrual dysfunction was defined as primary or secondary amenorrhea, excluding cases due to organic diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis revealed that white blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen, free triiodothyronine, zinc, and estradiol were all significantly associated with the presence of menstrual dysfunction in junior female athletes after adjusting for age and percentage of standard weight (all P < 0.017 with Bonferroni correction). Exercise energy expenditure and sleep time were also weakly related to menstrual dysfunction. However, substantial overlap in laboratory values was observed between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several clinical and biochemical variables were associated with menstrual dysfunction in this exploratory analysis. These findings do not establish clinically applicable thresholds or screening utility but may inform future prospective studies aimed at clarifying pathophysiological mechanisms and potential risk prediction models in adolescent athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on \"The Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Muscle Activity Distribution During High-Speed Running Estimated Using Multichannel Electromyography: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial\".","authors":"Chakshujot Kaur, Sandeep Pattnaik","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148154979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connor C Long, Tag Alsir F Osama, Jacob Jo, Kristen L Williams, Anna Peterson, John E Dugan, Eunyoung Hong, Samuel Fitch, Garrett Perry, Scott L Zuckerman, Douglas P Terry
{"title":"Pre- to Postseason Reliability of Blink Reflex Parameters in Nonconcussed Athletes.","authors":"Connor C Long, Tag Alsir F Osama, Jacob Jo, Kristen L Williams, Anna Peterson, John E Dugan, Eunyoung Hong, Samuel Fitch, Garrett Perry, Scott L Zuckerman, Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the reliability of blink reflex parameters across a sports season in nonconcussed high school athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>High school athletics programs in a tertiary research context.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirty-two nonconcussed high school athletes [17 (53.1%) females; mean age 15.3 (SD = 1.1) years] completed pre- and postseason blink reflex testing using the EyeStat blink reflexometer.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Demographic, sport, and concussion histories were obtained for all athletes. The primary independent variable was sport type (contact vs limited contact).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Ten blink parameters were analyzed: latency, differential latency, delta 30, time under threshold, oscillations, total blink time, lid excursion, lid velocity, time to close, and time to open. Pre- to postseason changes were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Reliability was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Spearman correlations. Linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and concussion history, examined the effect of sport type on parameter changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three blink parameters-delta 30 (P = 0.015), time under threshold (P = 0.003), and oscillations (P < 0.001)-showed significant pre-/postseason changes, while the remaining 7 remained stable. Absolute-agreement ICCs indicated poor reliability for latency (ICC = 0.488) and differential latency (ICC = 0.390) and moderate reliability for the remaining parameters (ICC = 0.631-0.724). No measures differed between contact and limited-contact sports.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most blink parameters were stable across a season in nonconcussed athletes, but reliability was parameter dependent (poor for latency and differential latency; moderate for others). Sport type was not associated with preseason-to-postseason changes. These findings support blink reflexometry as a feasible objective adjunct for longitudinal assessment in concussion research, while highlighting the need to account for seasonal drift and parameter-specific reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148148200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Sakata, Yuki Murata, Tatsuya Takahashi, Tadahiro Sakai
{"title":"Incidence and Risk Factors for Lumbar Spondylolysis in Adolescent Rugby Players: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Jun Sakata, Yuki Murata, Tatsuya Takahashi, Tadahiro Sakai","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of lumbar spondylolysis in adolescent rugby players.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective cohort design over a 9-month season (June 1, 2021-February 28, 2022) was used.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A set of adolescent rugby players of male sex participated in this study and physical function examination were measured before injury surveillance.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 185 adolescent rugby players participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Assessment of risk factors: </strong>Bilateral passive range of motion of the hip, rectus femoris muscle flexibility, hamstring flexibility, and thoracic kyphosis angle were assessed.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>All participants were followed for a 9-month season (from June 2021 to February 2022) to determine the injury incidence during matches and training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 players (14.4%) had a lower back injury. The 18 players (72.0%) who reported injuries of the lower back were diagnosed with spondylolysis. A smaller passive hip external rotation range of motion on the right side and larger thoracic kyphosis angle were associated with lumbar spondylolysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restricted hip external rotation flexibility and round posture may be risk factors for lumbar spondylolysis in adolescent rugby players.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Prospective cohort, level 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148148839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aidan L F Rich, Jon J Ford, Jillianne L Cook, Andrew John Hahne
{"title":"The Effect of Isotonic Versus Isometric Strength Exercise for Pain and Strength in Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: A Randomized Crossover Trial.","authors":"Aidan L F Rich, Jon J Ford, Jillianne L Cook, Andrew John Hahne","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effect of isometric exercise on pain and strength for various tendinopathies has been investigated but there are no published studies on proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT). The objective of this trial was to determine the effectiveness of isometric versus isotonic exercise on pain and strength in people with PHT.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, crossover, assessor blinded randomized trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Neuroplasticity laboratory at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 20 participants with clinical features of PHT (greater than 3 months in duration) were included.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>All participants completed 1 session of isometric and 1 session of isotonic exercise with a 3 to 7 days washout period between sessions. Participants were randomly allocated to the order of interventions.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Primary outcomes were pain measured with a functional task (modified arabesque) assessed at 0 minutes, 45 minutes, and 24 hours postintervention, strength was measured with a dynamometer, assessed at 0 minutes and 45 minutes postintervention. A secondary outcome was pain with sitting assessed at 24 hours postintervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 20 enrolled participants, 19 (95%) completed both intervention sessions. There were no statistically significant differences between groups at any timeframe for pain with a functional task, strength, or sitting symptoms. There was no significant difference in the number of participants who achieved a clinically relevant reduction in pain with a functional task or sitting symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were no differences between isometric and isotonic exercise for strength, pain with a functional task, or sitting symptoms in participants with PHT.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>This is the first trial to evaluate the effect of isometric compared with isotonic exercise for pain and strength in PHT. No difference was found between groups. Selection of exercise type for PHT may be on a 'trial and error' basis and with consideration of long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148148606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}