Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Critical Lower-Limb Ischemia and Arterial Thrombosis Following Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection of the Knee.","authors":"Hamish Evans, Ngozi Ogunsanya, Ming Yii, Roger Bell","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001269","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>We present a case of acute lower-limb arterial thrombosis following intra-articular steroid injection into the knee of a previously fit and active 41-year-old man. Symptoms of acute limb ischemia developed within 24 hours of treatment. Objective assessment with ultrasound arterial duplex and CT angiogram of the lower limb confirmed acute thrombosis of the popliteal artery in the treated leg. Although there is documented evidence of the association between steroid therapy and venous thromboembolic phenomena, there are no cases of arterial thrombosis in the literature. The temporal series of events that we report strongly suggest an association between the corticosteroid injection and the acute thrombotic event, the mechanism of which remains unclear. The patient underwent successful revascularization. It is important to document and disseminate this seemingly rare complication of a commonly associated procedure to increase awareness, invoke caution, and invite others to share similar cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"624-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Checking Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Ice Hockey: Findings From the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program 2009/10 to 2019/20.","authors":"Adrian J Boltz, Reagan E Garcia, Andrew S Alexander, Jason P Mihalik, Christy L Collins, Avinash Chandran","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001255","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the epidemiology of body checking injuries in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Men's Ice Hockey.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary data analysis of historical cohort data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A convenience sample of injuries in NCAA Men's Ice Hockey during the 2009/10 to 2019/20 academic years.</p><p><strong>Patients or participants: </strong>NCAA student-athletes.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Event type, season, time loss, body part, diagnosis, player position, and mechanism.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>This study examined injuries that occurred during practice or competition, regardless of time loss, reported to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used. The injury rate and proportion ratios with 95% confidence intervals were also constructed. Three independent logistic regression models were constructed to examine differential odds of time loss (≥1 day; TL) injury and the 2 most common injuries, between body checking injuries and all other injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1290 body checking injuries (rate = 1.59/1000 athlete-exposures) were reported during the study period. Most were attributed to the upper extremity (42%) or head/neck (27%). The competition injury rate generally decreased after 2012/13. After adjusting for covariates, odds of (1) a TL injury was lower and (2) an acromioclavicular sprain was higher among body checking injuries as compared with injuries attributed to all other activities. Odds of concussion was not associated with body checking injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body checking injuries were frequently attributed to the head/neck and upper extremities, and the rate of these injuries during competition appeared to be decreasing. Still, improvements in helmet and shoulder pad technology may further improve health and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"583-590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snooze it or Lose it: Understanding Sleep Disturbance and Injuries in Soccer and Basketball Student-Athletes.","authors":"Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye, Anthony Breitbach, Flavio Esposito, Natania Nguyen, Amy M Bender, Jamil R Neme","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001250","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the sleep characteristics of collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes and explore the associations between sleep and injury risk.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>NCAA D1 and NAIA Tier 1.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred eighty-one collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes (42% female; mean age: 20.0 ± 1.7 years).</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Questionnaires were administered during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 preseason, collecting demographic, injury history, medical history, and sleep information, including sleep difficulty category scores of 0 to 4 (none), 5 to 7 (mild), and ≥8 (moderate/severe) and other sleep disturbance measures derived from the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), including insufficient sleep duration (<7 hours of sleep) and poor subjective sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>All-complaint knee and ankle injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the ASSQ, 25.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9-34.3) of the student-athletes had mild sleep difficulty and 12.7% (95% CI, 7.3-20.1) had moderate/severe sleep difficulty. 36.1% (95% CI, 29.1-43.6) had insufficient sleep duration. 17.1% (95% CI, 11.7-23.7) were not satisfied with the quality of their sleep (poor sleep quality), and 13.8% (95% CI, 9.1-19.7) had an \"eveningness\" chronotype. Based on multivariable logistic regression models, student-athletes with poor sleep quality had significantly higher odds for injury (OR: 2.2, 95% CI, 1.04-4.79, P = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinically relevant dysfunctional sleep patterns are prevalent among collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with injury risk among student-athletes. Findings suggest a substantial sleep problem in collegiate soccer and basketball student-athletes and warrant that student-athletes are regularly screened and timely interventions applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"610-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Increased Injury Risk on Artificial Turf in Finnish Premier Division Football.","authors":"Ville Immonen, Einari Kurittu, Ilari Kuitunen, Tommi Vasankari, Mari Leppänen","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the injury risk between natural grass and artificial turf in the male Finnish premier division (Veikkausliiga) matches during the 2019 league season.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective reanalysis of prospectively collected season-long injury surveillance cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Finnish elite-level male football.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>All 12 teams of Veikkausliiga participated in the study. All players were eligible to participate. Two hundred thirty-six players took part in the follow-up between February and November 2019.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Matches were played between April and November 2019. Injury data were collected using standard injury reports from the team medicals and weekly player questionnaires. Individual player exposure in matches was collected. Artificial turf was classified as exposure and natural grass as control in the analyses.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Match-related injury incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) on natural grass and artificial turf.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 113 injuries (65 on artificial turf, 48 on natural grass) in 167 matches (90 on artificial turf, 77 on natural grass) were included. Injury incidence was 27.2/1000 hours on artificial turf and 23.9/1000 hours on natural grass and (IRR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.7). There was no difference in injury types, anatomical regions, injury recurrence, injury severity, or injury contact. Forwards may have had an increased injury incidence on artificial turf compared with natural grass (IRR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0-11.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports previous reports that there is no significant increase in the overall risk of injury in professional football played on artificial turf compared with that on natural grass.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prior Concussion History and Clinical Recovery Following Sport-Related Concussion in College Athletes.","authors":"Charles E Gaudet, Grant L Iverson, Ross Zafonte, Paul D Berkner, Nathan E Cook","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001274","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess whether a history of prior concussions, and especially multiple prior concussions, is associated with clinical recovery following a subsequent sport-related concussion among collegiate student athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A naturalistic observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Eleven National Collegiate Athletics Association Division III colleges.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Collegiate athletes sustaining concussions from September 2014 through March 2020.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Participants were divided into 3 groups, athletes with: (1) no prior concussion history, (2) one prior concussion, and (3) 2 or more prior concussions.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Survival analyses were used to compare time to return to school and sports among athletes with a history of 0, 1, or ≥2 prior concussions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1132 college athletes, there were no statistically significant group differences between those with 0, 1, or ≥2 prior concussions in total time to return to school or sports. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of athletes with ≥2 prior concussions that had not fully returned to school, without accommodations, at 28 days (6.0%) compared to athletes with no prior concussions (2.2%; odds ratio = 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.29-6.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, concussion history was not associated with time to return to sports following a subsequent sport-related concussion in these college athletes. On average, athletes with prior concussions did not take longer to return to school, although a slightly greater proportion of college athletes with ≥2 prior concussions had not fully returned to school, without accommodations, by 28 days following injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":"34 6","pages":"543-551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation of the MMPH and Status of the Notch Configurations Are Important Factors for Successful Revision ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Seong Yun Park, Sung Bae Park, Yong Seuk Lee","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001282","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify the differences in anatomical factors between the patients who underwent revision and primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR) and compare the outcomes between the 2 surgeries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Single institution tertiary academic center between 2014 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>A total of 84 matched patients who underwent revision (group I) or primary ACLR (group II).</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Radiological evaluations were performed using side-to-side differences (SS-D), femorotibial angle, and posterior tibial slope. The medial meniscus posterior horn status as width (MMPHW), medial tibial plateau width (MTPW), notch configurations, tunnel positions, and sagittal graft angle were measured using 3D-CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Graft signals were assessed using MRI. The clinical outcomes were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group I showed larger SS-D and higher mean Howell grade of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft than group II ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively). Multivariate regression analyses showed that the decreased MMPHW/MTPW ratio ( P = 0.010) and notch width index ( P < 0.007) were significantly independent factors associated with the higher Howell grade of ACL grafts. The decreased MMPHW/MTPW ratio ( P < 0.001) was a significantly independent factor associated with larger SS-D. In the subgroup analysis, all patients in the notchplasty group showed wider notches postoperatively ( P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Revision ACLRs resulted in worse ACL signal intensity and stability outcome. The results of this study suggest that it may be important to preserve the MMPHW as much as possible and check notch configurations, especially during a revision ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"528-536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Epicondylalgia and Thoracic Kyphosis: A Study on Young Athletes.","authors":"Zoran Šarčević, Milan Stanković, Andreja Tepavčević","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001232","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The etiology of lateral epicondylalgia (LE) remains unclear, although it has been linked to various factors. Recent theories suggest a potential connection between LE and impairments in the kinetic chain. In our study, we aimed to investigate the association between another factor influencing kinetic chain impairment, specifically an increased angle of thoracic kyphosis, and the presence of initial signs of LE in young athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study employed an observational, case-control design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The participants underwent examination during a routine preventive checkup conducted by a sports physician at Novi Sad Healthcare Center, Sports Medicine Center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred young athletes aged 10 to 15 years were included in the study. Half of the participants reported pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow during maximal hand grip, while the remaining athletes served as controls and did not experience any pain.</p><p><strong>Assessment of independent variables: </strong>Thoracic kyphosis inclination angles were measured using a digital inclinometer.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Pain was assessed using the pressure pain threshold at a specific point associated with lateral epicondylalgia, measured by a digital algometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants exhibiting initial signs of LE displayed significantly different angles of anteroposterior curvatures of the spine compared with the control group. Moreover, the angle of thoracic kyphosis was significantly associated with pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm an association between initial signs of lateral epicondylalgia and the grade of thoracic kyphosis in young athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"537-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussion Incidence, Mechanism, and Perspectives Among Australian Elite Surfers: Implications for Medical Support and Safety Protocols.","authors":"John Ward, Eric Haakonssen, Joanna Parsonage","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001271","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective was to investigate the incidence of concussion and the associated mechanisms of injury in elite Australian surfers. The secondary objective was to investigate the current perspectives and behaviors related to experiencing concussion in surfing.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Surfing Australia high-performance program.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Forty nationally identified elite Australian surfing athletes.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>A retrospective survey collected information pertaining to participant demographics, concussion history, potential concussive symptoms, such as headache, neck pain, dizziness, or unusual fatigue, following a wipeout, and participants' perspectives on concussion.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Investigating concussion incidence among elite Australian surfers compared with potential undiagnosed concussive episodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surfers with a history of diagnosed surfing-related concussion (DC) were compared with those with no history of a diagnosed surfing-related concussion (NDC). A total of 13 of 40 surfers had a DC, with \"contact versus the water surface\" identified as the primary mechanism. Both DC and NDC groups had a high frequency of concussive symptoms after a surfing wipeout with a total of 447 and 573 concussive symptom occurrences reported in the DC and NDC groups, respectively. Concern regarding the long-term impacts of concussion were reported in 25 of 40 surfers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of concussive symptoms reported by surfers who had not previously been diagnosed with concussion suggests that concussion may be underreported and underdiagnosed in elite surfing. This underscores the need for increased medical support, education, and improved safety protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"591-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Capability of Intra-Articular Injections for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Daniel Araujo Fernandes, Eduardo Campos Martins, Gilberto Melo, Renato Locks, Guilherme Pradi Adam, Fabrício Souza Neves","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001229","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review and critically appraise available literature concerning the diagnostic capability of intra-articular injections for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>N/A.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>N/A.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>N/A.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Studies assessing pain relief following intra-articular injections for the diagnosis of FAI syndrome, compared with arthroscopy as diagnostic reference standard, were considered eligible. Searches were performed across 8 databases, and the risk of bias was evaluated through the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 489 articles identified, 4 were included for analysis. Intra-articular injections were composed of anesthetic agents (such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine), combined or not with corticosteroids (triamcinolone and betamethasone). All studies were judged as \"at risk of bias\", and a substantial heterogeneity was found considering assessment methods and pain relief thresholds for a positive response to intra-articular injections. Overall, 2 studies reported that intra-articular injections presented a high accuracy in determining the presence of FAI syndrome. However, the remaining 2 studies indicated that intra-articular injections might present restricted diagnostic capability to discriminate FAI syndrome from healthy individuals or those with other hip pathologies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on limited evidence, the diagnostic capability of intra-articular injections for FAI syndrome cannot be supported. It remains unclear which pain relief thresholds are related to a higher diagnostic capability. The combination of anesthetics with corticosteroids should also be further explored, including multiple pain assessments for evaluation of prolonged effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"615-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Sub-elite Athletes at Higher Risk of Eating Disorders, Exercise Addiction, Depression, and Low Energy Availability Compared With Elite Athletes?","authors":"Mia Beck Lichtenstein, Søren Peter Thygesen Hertz, Karen Krogh Johansen, Josefine Rytter, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Lars Holm, Anna K Melin","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001257","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk of eating disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and low energy availability (LEA) in Danish female and male elite compared with sub-elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>An online survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 410 elite athletes (mean age 20.1 years, 51% females) and 206 sub-elite athletes (mean age 21.3 years, 52% females) from 15 different sports.Assessment of Risk Factors: Eating Disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and LEA.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The Sick Control, One Stone (6.5 kg), Fat, Food, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Major Depression Inventory, and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire or the Low Energy Availability in Males Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that more female sub-elite athletes compared with elite athletes had risk of eating disorders (EDs) (37.4% vs 23.4%; P < 0.012) and the same was found for males (23.2% vs 10.4%; P = 0.005). More athletes with risk of EDs had risk of exercise addiction (12.8 vs 5.4%, P = 0.006), depression (27.3 vs 4.2%, P < 0.001), and LEA (females 55.1 vs 40.7%, P = 0.024, and males 29.4 vs 13.7%, P = 0.036, respectively) compared with athletes without risk of EDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sub-elite athletes have a higher risk of eating disorders compared with elite athletes. Regular screening of ED symptoms and associated conditions in elite and especially sub-elite athletes may ensure early identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"572-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}