Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Intraosseous Injection of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for a Basketball Player With Bilateral Tibial Nonunion Fractures.","authors":"Farah S Hussain, Oluseun A Olufade","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001328","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>We present a case of a professional basketball player who suffered from nonunion bilateral chronic tibial fractures, successfully treated with ultrasound-guided intraosseous injection with bone marrow aspirate concentrate. The patient was able to return to play full time after recovery from the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"246-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midterm Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Respiratory Function in Judokas With and Without Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Özgür Bostancı, Emre Karaduman, Ali Kerim Yılmaz, Menderes Kabadayı, Sait Bilgiç","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001312","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The clinical consequences of coronavirus infection in elite judokas with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are unclear. We aimed to determine potential respiratory function abnormalities and recovery in athletes with and without EIB after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Türkiye Olympic Preparation Centre.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data collected from 25 consecutive elite judokas diagnosed with and without EIB and SARS-CoV-2 infection, routinely followed at an Olympic Sports Center between September 2020 and 2021.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function data were collected before and up to 90 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1 /FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infected athletes with EIB had more markedly reduced respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function than those without EIB. Maximal inspiratory pressure was decreased by 14% and MEP by 8% from baseline in infected athletes with EIB during follow-up. Likewise, FEV 1 and FVC decreased by 4%. Maximal inspiratory pressure, MEP, FEV 1 , and FVC remained abnormal after 90 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection in EIB athletes but normalized rapidly in non-EIB athletes. Peak expiratory flow seemed unaffected during follow-up. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction severity was moderately correlated with the maximum fall in MEP during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection notably decreases respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in judokas, especially those with pre-existing EIB, thereby prolonging spontaneous recovery time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Questionnaire-Based Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Key Stakeholders Within an Elite Sports Organization.","authors":"Richard Collinge, Matt Springham","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001317","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of key stakeholders within an elite UK sports organization.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) was sent electronically to 500 employees, and 8 face-to-face interviews were conducted at an elite-level professional football club.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>English Premier League (EPL) Football Club.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Office/stadium staff, coaching/backroom staff, players from the male U23, women's and men's senior teams.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Stakeholder groups that were invited to participate in the study: office/stadium staff, coaching/backroom staff, players from the U23, women's and men's senior teams, and variables of age and gender.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>WEMWBS scores across the office/stadium staff, coaching/backroom staff, and player cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 122 responses (24% response rate) and 8 face-face interviews, the average WEMWBS score was 51.2 (SD ±8.4) and 14% of the cohort presented with scores suggestive of a higher risk of depression. The main findings were moderate effect size differences in WEMWBS scores with the players scoring higher than both the office/stadium staff ( P = 0.01) and the coaching/backroom staff ( P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Office/stadium staff experienced greater compromising mental health effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared with the coaching/backroom staff and players, respectively, suggesting that elite sports organizations should also consider providing mental health education and signposting strategies for this area of the workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of COVID-19 and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis in Athletes: Incidence, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Return-to-Play Principles.","authors":"Olena Mahneva, Tamara R Fakhoury, Sukhwinder Singh Hanspal, Juan O Gonzalez Velazquez, Nikhil Patel, Milena J Henzlova","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001320","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the original peer-reviewed studies on athletes who developed myocarditis after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection or after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Both entities likely have an immunologic component. We discuss elite, professional, college, and adolescent athletes. The athletes are generally young and healthy, representing a distinctive population group that differs from the general population. This review includes diagnosis of myocarditis, incidence, complications, prognosis, and return-to-play guidance for sports medicine clinicians and coaches.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We surveyed the PUBMED, Embase, and Web of Science databases for the relevant peer-reviewed articles in the English language published from the onset of the pandemic until April 2023. Included were original observational studies and case series. Excluded were individual case reports and a small series with incomplete data. The resulting search yielded 30 original articles.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Reported myocardial abnormalities in athletes were rare after COVID-19 infection and even less frequent after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. True incidence, however, may be higher because of under-reporting and frequent asymptomatic presentation. Male gender was prevalent for both manifestations; postvaccination myocarditis occurrence was the highest after the second vaccine dose. Diagnostic and return-to-play algorithms were developed and should be adopted and followed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of myocarditis from COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is very low. The long-term prognosis and evolution of the observed cardiac magnetic resonance abnormalities are currently unknown. Although inferences can be made from the published data, COVID-19 and postvaccine myocarditis in athletes may represent only a small fraction of the true incidence of those who have been affected worldwide and not evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"191-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3.0-Tesla MRI Observation at Return to Play After Hamstring Injuries.","authors":"Muhammad Ikhwan Zein, Gustaaf Reurink, Jozef J M Suskens, Jithsa R C Monte, Frank F Smithuis, Stan Buckens, Mario Maas, Johannes L Tol","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001289","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe 3.0-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hamstring muscles in clinically recovered athletes who were cleared for return to play (RTP).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Athletes (amateur and professional) who were cleared for RTP after hamstring injury. Fifty-eight participants were included in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>3-T MRI at baseline (within 7 days from initial injury) and MRI at RTP (within 10 days of RTP).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Injury location, grade of injury (modified Peetrons and British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification/BAMIC), presence and the extent of intramuscular signal abnormality, intramuscular tendon disruption, and thickness. Reinjuries within 1 year of RTP were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Magnetic resonance images at RTP showed that 55 (95%) participants had intramuscular increased signal intensity (edema) and 44 (76%) participants had intramuscular abnormal low-signal intensity (suggesting fibrosis) on MRI. There was an overall reduction of injury grades according to the modified Peetrons and BAMIC classification at initial injury to RTP. Three (5%) participants had no abnormal signal intensities (grade 0 or grade 0A) on MRI at RTP. Intramuscular tendon disruption, waviness, and tendon thickening were present at RTP in, respectively, 22 (38%), 15 (26%), and 36 (62%). We recorded 3 (5%) reinjuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At RTP, 3.0-T MRI shows high percentages of MRI abnormalities (edema, fibrosis, and intramuscular tendon disruption and thickening). We conclude that complete normalization of 3.0-T MRI is not expected for RTP decision after a hamstring injury. Its possible association with reinjury risk has to be determined in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results From the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry: Impact of SARS-COV-2 on Myocardial Involvement.","authors":"Jennifer S Albrecht, Joel T Greenshields, Suzanne Smart, Ian H Law, Larry R Rink, Curt J Daniels, Saurabh Rajpal, Eugene H Chung, Jean Jeudy, Richard Kovacs, Jason Womack, Carrie Esopenko, Philip Bosha, Michael Terrin, Geoffrey L Rosenthal, Andrew R Peterson","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001247","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>COVID-19 has been associated with myocardial involvement in collegiate athletes. The first report from the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry (Registry) was an ecological study that reported myocarditis in 37 of 1597 athletes (2.3%) based on local clinical diagnosis. Our objective was to assess the relationship between athlete and clinical characteristics and myocardial involvement.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>We analyzed data from 1218 COVID-19 positive Big Ten collegiate athletes who provided informed consent to participate in the Registry.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>1218 athletes with a COVID-19-positive PCR test before June 1, 2021.</p><p><strong>Assessment of independent variables: </strong>Demographic and clinical characteristics of athletes were obtained from the medical record.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Myocardial involvement was diagnosed based on local clinical, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), electrocardiography, troponin assay, and echocardiography. We assessed the association of clinical factors with myocardial involvement using logistic regression and estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>25 of 1218 (2.0%) athletes met criteria for myocardial involvement. The logistic regression model used to predict myocardial involvement contained indicator variables for chest pain, new exercise intolerance, abnormal echocardiogram (echo), and abnormal troponin. The area under the ROC curve for these indicators was 0.714. The presence of any of these 4 factors in a collegiate athlete who tested positive for COVID-19 would capture 55.6% of cases. Among noncases without missing data, 86.9% would not be flagged for possible myocardial involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Myocardial involvement was infrequent. We predicted case status with good specificity but deficient sensitivity. A diagnostic approach for myocardial involvement based exclusively on symptoms would be less sensitive than one based on symptoms, echo, and troponin level evaluations. Abnormality of any of these evaluations would be an indication for CMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Psychological Factors Affect Return to Sports After Shoulder Stabilization Surgery? A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ausberto Velasquez Garcia, Gabriel Caballero, Grace K Chaney, Katina Marinakis, Alejandro Orizola","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001280","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite excellent functional outcomes after shoulder stabilization surgery, a substantial number of patients fail to return to sports (RTS) at the preinjury level. The psychological factors affecting RTS postsurgery have been underexplored. This scoping review aimed to identify and analyze potential psychological factors influencing the decision to RTS after shoulder stabilization surgery.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We reviewed the EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for studies on patients with anterior glenohumeral instability who underwent stabilization surgery. We included studies that reported on RTS and considered the psychological factors influencing the decision to return.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Our analysis comprised 21 articles involving 2073 patients. Psychological factors influencing RTS after surgery were categorized within the framework of transactional stress and coping model. Primary appraisal factors, such as fear of reinjury, kinesiophobia, and anxiety, emerged as significant influencers. In addition, we explored factors related to social support, self-determination, motivation, competing interests, and advanced age. Assessment tools were used to evaluate the psychological readiness for RTS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This scoping review identified fear of reinjury and kinesiophobia as important psychological barriers to returning to sports after shoulder stabilization surgery. The limited use of psychological assessment tools and lack of comparative studies have restricted robust conclusions.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV, Scoping review.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"224-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Psychopathology, Personality Traits, and a History of Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"David B Sarwer, Jacqueline C Spitzer, Jingwei Wu, Caitlin LaGrotte, Caitlin Griffiths, Rebecca L Ashare, Jane McDevitt, Dianne Langford, Servio H Ramirez","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001313","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with psychopathology, and, in particular, substance use disorder (SUD) in young adults with a history of athletic participation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University in the northeastern United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A large (n = 534) and mixed sex (57% female) sample of varsity and club sport athletes older than 18 years.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>The Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury ID assessment and the Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five percent of participants reported no history of head injuries, 32% reported 1 head injury, and 43% reported more than 1 head injury. Thirty-eight percent of participants had been diagnosed with 1 or more concussions. Twenty-eight percent of participants had a current psychiatric diagnosis and 49% had at least 1 lifetime diagnosis. Head injuries and concussions were significantly associated with the presence of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis and symptoms or diagnosis of alcohol or SUD. More head injuries were associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher number of self-reported head injuries and diagnosed concussions were associated with a lifetime history of psychopathology, and specifically, with alcohol and substance use disorders. These relationships are similar to those seen in the general population of adults. The relationships also raise several interesting questions about recovery from head injuries in young adult athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between the Pain Intensity at the Time of the Hamstring Muscle Injury and the Hyperintense T2 Weighted Volume of the Hamstring Muscle Lesion Measured by MRI.","authors":"Sylvain Grange, Ronan Plancher, Gustaav Reurink, Pierre Croisille, Pascal Edouard","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001306","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the pain experienced at the time of a hamstring muscle injury and the hyperintense T2 weighted volume of the lesion measured on MRI. The secondary objectives were to analyze the differences in this pain with the lesion grade and the hamstring muscle head involved.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of the data collected in a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional cohort study (HAMMER).</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>A total of 61 patients were included in this analysis.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Patients with suspected hamstring muscle injury had an MRI after the injury.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes measures: </strong>They were evaluated for their pain intensity experienced at the time of injury with a Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) from 0 to 10.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant but weak correlation between the pain experienced at the time of hamstring muscle injury and the hyperintense T2 weighted volume (r = 0.287; P = 0.025). There were no significant differences in the pain according to the lesion grade (F(3,57) = 0.982; P = 0.408) nor according to the muscle involved (F(3,57) = 1.013; P = 0.394).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pain at the time of injury seemed to be weakly correlated with the extent of muscle lesion at medical imaging. Pain at the time of injury alone seems not enough to give us a clinical meaningful indication of the MRI hyperintense T2 weighted volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Ring in the Body Checking, Head Contact, and Suspected Injury Rates in Youth Ringette: A Video-Analysis Study in Youth Ringette and Female Ice Hockey.","authors":"Emily E Heming, Ash T Kolstad, Stephen W West, Rylen A Williamson, Alexandra J Sobry, Alexis L Cairo, Brooke Dennett, Kelly Russell, Claude Goulet, Carolyn A Emery","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001293","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare physical contacts (PCs), including head contacts (HCs), suspected concussion, and nonconcussion injury incidence rates between youth ringette and female ice hockey.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Alberta ice arenas.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Players participating in 8 U16AA (ages 14-15 years) ringette and 8 U15AA (ages 13-14 years) female ice hockey games during the 2021 to 2022 season.</p><p><strong>Assessment of risk factors: </strong>Dartfish video-analysis software was used to analyze video recordings.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Univariate Poisson regression analyses (adjusted for cluster by team-game, offset by game minutes) were used to estimate PCs (including HCs) and suspected injury (concussion and nonconcussion) and concussion-specific IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to compare sports. Proportions of all PCs that were body checks (level 4-5 trunk PC) and direct HCs (HC 1 ) penalized were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ringette had a 2.6-fold higher rate of body checking compared with hockey (IRR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.59-4.37). Ringette also had a 2-fold higher rate of HC 1 compared with hockey (IRR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.37-3.16). A 3.4-fold higher rate of suspected injury was found in ringette (IRR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.40-8.15). There was no significant difference in suspected concussion IRs in ringette compared with hockey (IRR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.43-8.74). Despite being prohibited in both sports, only a small proportion of body checks (Ringette = 18%; Hockey = 17%) and HC 1 (Ringette = 6%; Hockey = 6%) were penalized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher rates of body checking, HC 1 , and suspected injuries were found in ringette compared with female ice hockey. Body checking and HC 1 were rarely penalized, despite rules disallowing them in both sports. Future research should consider other youth age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}