Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Muscle Activity Distribution During High-Speed Running Estimated Using Multichannel Electromyography: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jozef J M Suskens, Huub Maas, Jaap H van Dieën, Gino M M J Kerkhoffs, Johannes L Tol, Gustaaf Reurink","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001291","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of the Nordic hamstring exercise on normalized muscle activity and relative contribution of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus through multichannel electromyography in the late-swing phase of high-speed running.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A pragmatic, 2-arm, single-center randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a Nordic group or control group.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Dutch male basketball.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twenty injury-free players (mean age 18 ± 3 years).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>A 12-week Nordic hamstring exercise intervention.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Level of normalized muscle activity (percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction [%MVIC]) and relative contribution (%con) of hamstring muscles for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not result in significant changes for 12 weeks. For normalized muscle activity, between-group differences (compared with the control group) for 12 weeks were 11.4 %MVIC (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -11.0, 33.8) for the biceps femoris long head, -9.4 %MVIC (95% CI: -23.3, 5.2) for the semitendinosus, and -2.7 %MVIC (95% CI: -15.8, 10.3) for the semimembranosus, P = 0.151. For relative contribution, between-group differences for 12 weeks were -6.1 %con (95% CI: -2.4, 14.6) for the biceps femoris long head, -7.0 %con (95% CI: -13.6, -0.4) for the semitendinosus, and 0.9 %con (95% CI: -9.2, 11.0) for the semimembranosus P = 0.187. Positive values are in favor of the Nordic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 12-week Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not affect the level of muscle activity and relative contribution of hamstring muscles in the late-swing phase of high-speed running. Because of the low amount of data sets, results should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Trabecular Bone Score Enhance Fracture Risk Assessment in Long-Distance Runners With Bone Stress Injuries?","authors":"Rashad Madi, Sarem Khan, Chamith S Rajapakse, Amna N Khan, Kate Temme","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001279","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the trabecular bone score (TBS) Z scores in long-distance runners with bone stress injuries (BSIs) in whom the bone mineral density (BMD) Z score is more than -1.0 (Aim 1) and whether the number of runners with abnormal TBS Z scores would be higher in those with BSI in trabecular-rich sites as compared with cortical-rich sites (Aim 2).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Institutional sports medicine center.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>We analyzed Z scores derived from the TBS and BMD in 44 long-distance runners aged 18 to 40 years who had sustained BSIs between 2017 and 2023 and undergone a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan with reported TBS measurements within 1 year before or 2 years after their injuries.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Bone mineral density and TBS Z scores.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Evaluation of BMD and TBS Z scores in long-distance runners with BSIs, further stratified according to cortical-rich and trabecular-rich BSIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bone mineral density assessments revealed an average Z score of -0.96 ± 0.99. In this cohort of 44 runners, 55% (n = 24) of runners were reported to have BMD Z score more than -1.0. Within this subgroup, 54% (n = 13) displayed abnormal TBS. Stratifying BSIs by trabecular- (n = 23) and cortical-rich (n = 19) sites, we found no significant difference in sex, mean BMD, or the number of runners with abnormal TBS between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trabecular bone score Z scores in sports medicine may provide complementary information to BMD in long-distance runners with BSI, particularly when the BMD Z scores are more than -1.0. However, further research is needed to validate the usefulness of TBS Z scores in this context.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Retrospective Case Series, IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cognitive Symptoms and Abnormal Oculomotor Signs With Recovery in Adolescents After Sport-Related Concussion.","authors":"Christopher J Stavisky, Jeffrey C Miecznikowski, Mohammad N Haider, Haley M Chizuk, Muhammad S Z Nazir, Matthew F Grady, Jacob I McPherson, Andrew S Nowak, Barry S Willer, Christina L Master, John J Leddy","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001322","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sport-related concussion (SRC) affects cognitive and oculomotor function. We evaluated recovery from SRC in athletes with cognitive symptoms and/or oculomotor impairments who were prescribed early aerobic exercise treatment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Outpatient sports medicine clinics.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Male and female adolescents (13-18 years) within 10 days of SRC who were prescribed aerobic exercise and who reported either a low (<12 points) or high (≥12 points) burden of cognitive symptom scores on the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory at initial assessment.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Early aerobic exercise treatment.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Recovery time and incidence of persisting postconcussive symptoms beyond 1 month.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents with a high burden of cognitive symptoms (n = 24, 16.0 ± 1.3 years old, 50% male, 5.3 ± 2.4 days since injury) took longer to recover (34.4 ± 37.1 vs 15.3 ± 7.6 days) than adolescents with a low burden (n = 32, 14.9 ± 1.4 years old, 69% male, 6.1 ± 2.3 days since injury) and had 6-fold higher odds of developing persisting postconcussive symptoms (odds ratio = 6.17 [1.15-33.15]). Abnormal repetitive saccades and vestibular ocular reflex were independently associated with longer recovery after controlling for multiple comparisons ( P < 0.0125), but only abnormal smooth pursuits were a significant effect modifier for the association between cognitive symptoms and recovery (interaction term hazard ratio = 0.133 [0.035-0.504], P = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with impaired ability to smoothly track a moving target and whose cognitive symptoms are a significant burden are at substantial risk for delayed recovery from SRC. Early initiation of oculomotor rehabilitation may facilitate recovery in these patients.</p><p><strong>Trials registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT02959216.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exertional Compartment Syndrome Strategies for Evaluation and Management.","authors":"Michael Strauss, Katherine Wilson, Sammy Xian, Adam Chan","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001329","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The exertional compartment syndrome (ECS) is often a delayed diagnosis. Compartment pressure measurements (CPM) confirm the diagnosis. Herein we present our algorithm for the evaluation and management (E&M) of ECS. It avoids multiple CPM and shows the importance of the history and examination for E&M of the ECS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A literature review showed that limb abnormalities are hardly ever mentioned. Subsequently we show how the history, examination (for recognizing abnormalities), and CPM integrate with our algorithm for E&M of the ECS.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Our algorithm evolved for a 32-year interval and approximately 150 ECS evaluations.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Our E&M method was used for the above complement of patients.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>The symptomatic muscle compartment(s) and the severity of pain during the inciting activity are ascertained. The examination detects abnormalities and tautness of muscle compartments. This information integrated into our ECS algorithm establishes which compartments need CPM.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Pain severity is quantified on a 0- to 10-point scale. This information is integrated with history, examination findings, and CPMs to guide E&M for a range of ECS presentations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abnormalities detected on the examination often explain why ECS occurs. This information is valued by the patient, minimizes CPM, and offers sound advice for E&M.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our article heightens awareness of the ECS diagnosis for all levels of care providers. It objectifies pain severity, shows the importance of the examination, and minimizes ECM in giving advice to the referral sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helmetless Tackling Training Intervention and Preseason Self-efficacy Effects on Head Impacts in Hawai'i High School Football.","authors":"Ivet Lloansi Rodriguez, Bret Freemyer, Kumiko Hashida, Kaori Tamura, Nathan Murata, Troy Furutani, Gerald Gioia, Jay Myers, Erik Swartz","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001246","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine how football head impacts are influenced by self-efficacy (SE), helmetless tackling intervention participation (IP), and years of experience (YE) playing football.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three high schools.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>120 (male; n = 118, female; n = 2, 15.57 ± 1.23 years) participants were recruited from 5 high school teams (3 varsity and 2 junior-varsity).</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>SE, days of IP, and YE playing tackle football.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>SE was measured using a 53-question survey and categorized into 5 subscales. The accumulation of total head impacts (THI) was measured using Riddell InSite Speedflex helmets (Elyria, OH) throughout the season. Head impact exposure (HIE) was standardized as a ratio of impacts per session (games, scrimmages, and practices). Multiple regression analyses tested the relationship between THI or HIE with the predictor variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For THI, 22.1% was explained by the predictors (r = 0.470, r 2 = 0.221). Intervention participation had a negative correlation (B = -4.480, P = 0.019), whereas confidence in performing proper tackling and blocking (SE1) (B = 3.133, P = 0.010) and >8 YE (B = 135.9, P = 0.009) positively correlated with THI. For HIE, 25.4% was explained by the predictors (r = 0.504, r 2 = 0.254). Intervention participation negatively correlated (B = -0.077, P = 0.007), whereas SE1 (B = 3.133, P = 0.010) and >8 YE (B = 2.735, P ≤ 0.001) correlated positively with HIE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased head impacts were associated with less helmetless tackling participation, more than 8 YE, and more self-confidence in tackling ability. Increasing the amount of time athletes spend practicing proper tackling and blocking techniques to reduce head first and risky play is warranted to reduce the amount of head impacts received over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving More: Physical Activity and Its Positive Effects on Depression and Anxiety in Children and Young People.","authors":"Emma Bevan, Craig Sheridan, Sam Botchey, Paul Kelly, Hamish Reid","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001311","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This project has 2 aims: First, to identify and summarize the most clinically important aspects of the published evidence on physical activity and sport in children and young people for the treatment or prevention of depression, anxiety, or symptoms of these conditions. Second, this study aims to funnel and develop this evidence to create clinically meaningful summaries on the Moving Medicine website and to guide clinicians on the day-to-day conversations clinicians have with children and young people about the benefits of physical activity for mental health.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This mixed methods study combines a scoping review with expert clinical review using the knowledge creation funnel component of the KTA framework.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched Pubmed, OvidSp, Cochrane, OvidEmbase, OvidEmcare and AMED databases using the following search strategy, which included appropriate truncation symbols to account for variations of the search terms and maximize searches: Depression OR depressed OR anxiety OR \"generalised anxiety disorder\" OR anxious* OR \"low mood\" OR \"Mood disorder\" AND Children OR Child OR adolescen* OR teenager OR \"young people*\" OR \"young person*\" AND Exercise OR \"physical activ*\" OR sport OR \"Physically activ*\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight studies were included in this review, and evidence suggested that interventions of varying intensity can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in children and young people. The effects of physical activity on other mental health outcomes were also encouraging. The available evidence suggests that physical activity is a promising strategy to improve mental health in children and young people.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The literature overwhelmingly supports the benefits of regular physical activity both in the prevention of mental health issues for children and young people and in reduction of symptoms for those with already established symptoms. This review has translated this knowledge into accessible and relevant resources for healthcare professionals to use in their practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"206-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Sex Differences in Energy Availability, Disordered Eating, and Compulsive Exercise Among Male and Female Adolescent Athletes.","authors":"Aubrey M Armento, Madison Brna, Corrine Seehusen, Amanda McCarthy, Karin D VanBaak, David R Howell","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001307","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to examine sex differences in energy availability (EA) and its relationships with disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body mass index (BMI) among adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University hospital pediatric sports medicine center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Sixty-four participants (61% female) of ages 13 to 18 years, actively participating in at least 1 organized sport.</p><p><strong>Main independent variable: </strong>Participant sex.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Average 7-day EA (kcal/kg FFM/d; calculated using participant-recorded dietary intake and exercise expenditure from a wrist-worn heart rate/activity monitor), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) score (range 0-6), Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) score (range 0-25), and age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant sex differences in EA (females: 40.37 ± 12.17 kcal/kg FFM/d; males: 35.99 ± 12.43 kcal/kg FFM/d; P = 0.29), EDE-Q (females: 0.68 ± 0.70; males: 0.68 ± 0.83; P = 0.99), or CET scores (females: 11.07 ± 0.44; males: 10.73 ± 0.63; P = 0.66). There were low and insignificant negative correlations between EA and EDE-Q and CET scores for female athletes (EDE-Q: r = -0.22, P = 0.18; CET: r = -0.21, P = 0.09) and male athletes (EDE-Q: r = -0.09, P = 0.66; CET: r = -0.35, P = 0.08). EA and BMI-for-age percentile were inversely correlated in both male (r = -0.451, P = 0.009) and female (r = -0.37, P = 0.02) participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our sample of adolescent athletes, lower EA occurred in the absence of notable disordered eating or compulsive exercise behaviors, suggesting unintentional underfueling (and/or underreporting of energy intake), without significant sex differences. Low BMI can be an imperfect surrogate marker for low EA. These findings inform risk factors and screening practices for low EA among adolescent athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unexpected Finding in an Adolescent Rowing Athlete With Angina Pectoris. A Case Report.","authors":"Nuno Cotrim, Bruno Castilho, Carlos Cotrim, Jorge Guardado, Luís Baquero","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001286","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Significant intraventricular gradient development during exercise is rare, usually occurring with left ventricular hypertrophy. The etiopathogenesis consists of the increase in nonobstructive physiological gradients; ventricular cavitary obliteration with consequent end-systolic obstruction; and midsystolic obstruction caused by systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve compromising flow. A correlation between intraventricular gradient development and various symptoms has been established. Chest pain is common in children and is a frequent reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists. Despite the benign nature of most pediatric chest pain, extensive and costly cardiac evaluation is common in these patients. In the case presented here, we describe an adolescent rowing athlete with excruciating effort angina only during upright exercise, which was replicated while performing an exercise stress echocardiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"242-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Golf-Related Injuries: A 10-Year Analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database and the Impact of Alcohol Consumption.","authors":"Jeremy Swisher, Matthew Waldrop, Zachary Sitton, Christopher M Miles","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study purpose was to examine epidemiology of golf-related injuries and impact of alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiologic study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Emergency department injury reports in the United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Individuals reporting to emergency departments for golf-related injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data (2011-2021) were obtained from National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Examined trends with pivot tables. Incidence rate ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using χ2. Three hundred seventy-one injuries were removed for not being golf related.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Age, gender, alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Injury type, injury location, injury narrative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age 46 years. Men (n = 7605, 71.03%) were injured more frequently. Most common injuries were sprain (n = 1699, 15.87%), laceration (n = 1544, 14.42%), and fracture (n = 1340, 12.52%). Most common locations were trunk (n = 2,417, 22.57%) and head (n = 1866, 17.43%). Most common lower extremity was knee (n = 610, 5.70%), and upper extremity was shoulder (n = 447, 4.17%). With alcohol, the rate of injury being a fracture increased from 12.39% to 18.11% [incidence rate ratio (IRR)], 1.46 [95% CI, 1.05-1.97]; P = 0.018), syncope increased from 2.63% to 9.47% (IRR, 3.51 [95% CI, 2.19-5.38]; P = 0.0001), and internal injury increased from 9.48% to 23.05% (IRR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.82-3.18]; P = 0.0001). Injury location most common with alcohol was the head, increased from 16.95% to 37.86% (IRR, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.79-2.75]; P = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Common golf injuries include sprains, lacerations, and fractures. Alcohol is a known risk factor, significantly increasing the risk of severe injuries in golfers, such as fractures and internal injuries. In addition, notable increases in head injuries and syncope were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Contact and Suspected Concussion Rates in University Basketball: Are Head Contact Penalties a Target for Prevention?","authors":"Christy J Fehr, Stephen W West, Brent E Hagel, Claude Goulet, Carolyn A Emery","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare head contact (HC) and suspected concussion incidence rates (IRs) in male and female university basketball players and describe associated game event and court location.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Canadian basketball courts.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Players from 5 male and 5 female 2019 to 2020 regular season basketball games.</p><p><strong>Assessment of risk factors: </strong>Prerecorded game footage was analyzed using Dartfish video analysis software to compare sexes.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for HCs and suspected concussions. Head contacts were classified as HC1 (direct, player-to-player) or HC2 (indirect, player-to-environment). Game event, court location, and penalization of HCs were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred thirty HCs (88.7% HC1s, 11.3% HC2s) were observed. The HC1 IR was higher in male than female players (IRR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.16-2.06). Most HCs occurred within the key. Shooting was the primary offensive game event for male and female players for receiving HC1s (24.6% and 20.0%, respectively). Defensively, HC1s occurred most frequently while guarding an attacker for male players (40.6%) and rebounding for female players (31.0%). The suspected concussion IR was not significantly different between male and female players (IRR, 2.00; 95% CI, 0.20-19.8). In total, 11.2% of HC1s to defenders and 25.7% of HC1s to offensive players were assessed as a foul.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Head contact rates were higher for male varsity basketball players compared with female players; however, suspected concussion rates did not differ. Game event and court locations differed by sex. A priority target for injury prevention is penalization of HCs because most HCs in competition went unpenalized.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}