Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"At the Other End of the Spectrum: Bigorexia as an Emerging Cardiovascular Phenotype in Adolescents.","authors":"Antoine F AbdelMassih, Aya Hosheh, Dania Arun, Lea M Ghafary, Maria Khalife, Monika Ravikumar, Perla Ziadeh","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bigorexia, or Muscle Dysmorphia, is an increasingly recognized body image disorder among adolescents, characterized by an excessive drive for muscularity and distorted self-perception. Although its psychological dimensions are well described, its cardiovascular implications remain underexplored. This review examines the association between bigorexia-related behaviors and early cardiovascular injury, and proposes a conceptual framework for this evolving phenotype.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms included \"muscle dysmorphia,\" \"bigorexia,\" \"anabolic androgenic steroids,\" \"energy drinks,\" \"high-protein diet,\" \"cardiovascular risk,\" \"left ventricular hypertrophy,\" \"atherosclerosis,\" \"arrhythmia,\" \"adolescents,\" and \"young adults,\" used individually and in combination.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Bigorexia is associated with high-risk lifestyle exposures-including anabolic androgenic steroid use, excessive energy drink intake, and high-protein diets-particularly prevalent among adolescent and young adult males in competitive sports and fitness-oriented environments. Their convergence contributes to a distinct cardiovascular phenotype characterized by premature atherosclerosis, pathological left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, and increased arrhythmogenic risk. Evidence suggests synergistic interactions between these exposures, accelerating vascular aging and myocardial remodeling beyond what each factor produces independently. Behavioral reinforcement and absent screening protocols further amplify risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bigorexia represents not only a psychiatric condition but a potential driver of early cardiovascular disease. Integrating cardiovascular screening into management of at-risk adolescents may enable early detection, risk stratification, and preventive intervention, mitigating long-term cardiovascular morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Patterns and Clinical Relevance of Os Trigonum, Os Subfibulare, and Os Subtibiale in Young Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,167 Athletes.","authors":"Shinsuke Sakoda, Hiroto Kumagae, Osamu Yokoi, Kimiaki Kawano","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify prevalence patterns, symptomatic rates, and sport-specific risk factors associated with os trigonum, os subfibulare, and os subtibiale in young athletes presenting with ankle pain.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Single-center sports medicine clinic.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 1167 young athletes (≤22 years) with ankle pain who underwent standardized weight-bearing radiographs.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Accessory ossicle type, age, physeal status, sport category, and sex.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Prevalence, symptomatic presentation, and surgical excision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accessory ossicles were identified in 361 athletes (30.9%), comprising 406 total ossicles. Os trigonum was most prevalent (21.8%), followed by os subfibulare (9.9%) and os subtibiale (3.2%). Os trigonum was more frequent in athletes with closed physes, whereas os subfibulare and os subtibiale were more frequent in athletes with open physes (all P < 0.05). Among athletes with accessory ossicles, 37 (10.2%) were symptomatic, 73.0% were trauma-related, and 83.8% occurred in cutting/pivoting sports. Cutting/pivoting sports independently predicted symptomatic presentation (Odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.07-5.45; P = 0.034), whereas age, physeal status, and sex were not independently associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accessory ossicles showed distinct prevalence patterns across skeletal maturity groups, but symptomatic presentation was independently associated with cutting/pivoting sports rather than age or skeletal maturity. These findings may help clinicians assess the potential clinical relevance of accessory ossicles identified in young athletes with ankle pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Long-Term Outcomes After Nonsurgical Management of Spondylolysis in Adolescents and Young Athletes.","authors":"Cindy Nguyen, Ryan Riggs, Sai Reddy, Tomas Vega, Lendrum Morrow, T Daniel Smith, Ariel Kidwell-Chandler, Ricardo Colberg, Matthew P Ithurburn, Jose Ortega","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001498","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study evaluated long-term outcomes of nonoperative treatment of spondylolysis in adolescents and young athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>High-volume sports medicine clinical and research center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Spondylolysis patients initially treated nonoperatively (10-25 year old; ≥5 years from diagnosis).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>We collected self-reported function (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI) and return-to-sport outcomes (for athletes) and compared ODI scores and follow-up between athletes and nonathletes, and between male and female patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 patients (133 competitive athletes; 108 males; mean age at diagnosis = 16.3 years; mean follow-up time = 8.0 years) were included. Bilateral defects were more common (75%) than unilateral defects (25%), and L5 was the primary affected level (63%). Nonoperative treatment approaches included activity modification (95%), physical therapy (93%), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (64%), bracing (38%), and non-NSAID pain medication (23%). The mean ODI score at follow-up was 3.6 (0-100; best score = 0). ODI scores were higher (worse) in female patients versus male patients (P = 0.01), but did not statistically-differ between athletes and nonathletes (P = 0.29). Of competitive athletes, 91% returned to their preinjury sport at the same level or higher. Only 5 patients underwent subsequent back-related surgery after initial nonoperative treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found excellent long-term outcomes after nonsurgical treatment of spondylolysis in a cohort of adolescents and young adults, including a large proportion of competitive athletes. Our findings underscore that nonsurgical interventions should be the mainstay treatment for spondylolysis in young individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Swelling on Static and Dynamic Postural Control and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.","authors":"Minsub Oh, Hyunwook Lee, Seunguk Han, Jon T Hopkins","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001482","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of swelling on postural control and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Controlled laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 60 participants-20 CAI individuals with swelling (swelling), 20 CAI individuals without swelling (nonswelling), and 20 healthy controls (control)-were recruited.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Group (swelling, nonswelling, and control).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Participants performed 3 trials of single-leg hop-to-stabilization and single-leg stance tasks, along with patient-reported outcomes. A one-way analysis of variance was used to assess group differences in dynamic and static postural control and patient-reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The swelling group exhibited worse dynamic postural control in vertical stability index and dynamic postural stability index compared with the nonswelling ( P = 0.03, P = 0.04) and control ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.01) groups. The nonswelling group showed similar dynamic postural control with the control group. Swelling ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.01) and nonswelling ( P = 0.01 and P < 0.01) groups showed worse static postural control center of pressure mediolateral velocity and center of pressure anteroposterior velocity compared with the control group. Swelling and nonswelling groups showed differences in patient-reported outcomes about ankle function and instability compared with the control group, but there was no difference in patient-reported outcomes between the swelling and nonswelling groups themselves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ankle swelling contributes to altered neuromuscular control, resulting in worse dynamic postural control, but affects neither static postural control nor patient-reported outcomes in CAI individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"465-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Injury on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Youth Soccer Players.","authors":"Ian Staresinic, Kristin Haraldsdottir, Jennifer Sanfilippo-Nackers, Sakar Gupta, Quinn Steiner, Scott Anderson, Andrew Watson","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001401","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate associations among injury, quality of life (QOL), and mental health among elite youth soccer athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Study materials were sent to Elite Clubs National League (ECNL) clubs through an online survey link.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Soccer athletes were invited to participate in May and June of 2024 by their respective clubs.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Six hundred sixty-eight ECNL soccer athletes (ages 13-19 years) completed the study.</p><p><strong>Assessment of risk factors: </strong>Injury history and risk factors were assessed using a demographic survey.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Outcomes including QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were compared between athletes by injury status (uninjured, recovered, injured) using Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons of estimated marginal means.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred ninety-five (44.2%) respondents reported an injury in the prior 6 months, of whom 224 (33.5%) had recovered, and 71 (10.6%) were currently injured. Uninjured athletes reported significantly lower symptoms of anxiety (5.0, 95% CI [4.5-5.5]) than currently injured (6.6 [5.5-7.7], P = 0.008) and recovered athletes (6.0 [5.3-6.6], P < 0.001). Currently injured athletes reported higher levels of depression (6.9 [5.8-8.1]) than recovered (5.2 [4.5-5.8], P = 0.01) and uninjured athletes (4.6 [4.0-5.1], P < 0.001), while the difference between recovered and uninjured athletes was not statistically significant ( P = 0.19). Uninjured athletes also demonstrated significantly higher total QOL (81 [80-82]) than recovered (79 [77-80], P = 0.021) and currently injured (73 [70-76], P < 0.001) athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Injured youth soccer athletes report worse mental health and QOL than uninjured athletes, even after return to play. Stakeholders in youth sports should consider that negative psychosocial impacts of injury may persist beyond physical impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"500-507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Blood Groups on the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mehran Madihian, Kia Ranjbar, Nicola Maffulli","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001463","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human blood groups classically are described: A, B, AB, and O, and the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on them plays an important role in determining these groups. Previous studies have examined the relationship between blood groups and metabolic diseases. However, no study has yet investigated the relationship between blood groups and musculoskeletal injuries, and this issue has not been fully clarified. This systematic review investigates the association between blood groups and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>This study was conducted according to the guidelines Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and included in the present systematic review. The quality assessment tool for observational and cross-sectional cohort studies checked the articles' quality.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>A total of 12 cross-sectional studies were included in the present systematic review. The results showed that the amount of injury in people with different blood groups is different. For example, common fractures and osteoporosis were more in people with blood group A, and tendon injury was in people with blood group O.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>People with certain blood groups may be more prone to some musculoskeletal injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":"36 4","pages":"514-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Fat-Free Mass, and Saliva Osmolality: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ian P Winter, Josie Burdin, Patrick B Wilson","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001408","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigation evaluated the relationships between skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat-free mass (FFM), and hydration status measured through saliva osmolality (SOSM). It was hypothesized that SMM and FFM would positively associate with SOSM.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Laboratory and field collection.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Seventy-two adults (42 men, 30 women; 29.3 ± 10.6 years, 171 ± 9 cm, 78.8 ± 15.0 kg, 28.7% ± 8.1% body fat).</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Skeletal muscle mass and FFM were measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Saliva osmolality was measured using the MX3 Hydration Testing System, a portable, noninvasive osmometer. Participants presented 2 saliva samples 3 to 5 minutes apart. Fluid intake was avoided for at least 5 minutes before sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression analysis showed a nonsignificant association between SMM and SOSM (unstandardized B = 0.44, P = 0.144), as well as FFM and SOSM (unstandardized B = 0.23, P = 0.172). The adjusted analysis including covariates (age, sex, past 4-hour fluid intake, and time of sampling) showed nearly no effect, with insignificant associations between SMM and SOSM (unstandardized B = 0.98, P = 0.146) and FFM and SOSM (unstandardized B = 0.44, P = 0.173) remaining. Similarly, Spearman correlation coefficients between SMM and SOSM [ρ(72) = 0.10, P = 0.427] as well as FFM and SOSM [ρ(72) = 0.08 P = 0.487] were positive but nonsignificant and small.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite growing evidence that urinary hydration biomarkers naturally vary with SMM and FFM, these 2 body composition variables seem to be insignificantly associated with hydration status according to SOSM. This may be related to relatively small concentrations of muscle metabolites (eg, creatinine, uric acid, urea) found in saliva.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"508-513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport-Related Concussion Knowledge in French-Speaking Athletes, Coaches, and Health Care Professionals: Results From an International Survey on 2073 Participants.","authors":"Géraldine Martens, Aurore Thibaut, Axel Urhausen, Philippe M Tscholl, Charlotte Beaudart, Thomas Romeas, Louis de Beaumont, Jeffrey G Caron, Sébastien Le Garrec, Didier Hannouche, Romain Seil, Jean-François Kaux, Suzanne Leclerc","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001388","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluating sports-related concussion (SRC) knowledge, awareness of evaluation tools and management protocols, and access to educational resources within the French-speaking sports community in Canada and Europe.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional, anonymous online survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>French-speaking athletes, coaches, and health care professionals (HCPs).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The electronic survey consisted of 33 questions that can be grouped into the following 3 categories: (1) SRC knowledge assessment through self-report and general knowledge questions, (2) awareness of internationally recommended detection tools and managements protocols, and (3) access to educational resources. The survey was codeveloped with athletes, coaches, and HCP and validated by and expert panel.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>A SRC knowledge score was built based on answers to 4 questions on SRC mechanisms, symptoms, and management. Awareness of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5, the Concussion Recognition Tool 5, and the 6-step return to sport protocol were collected with coaches and HCPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 2073 participants responded to the survey, comprising 48% athletes, 33% coaches and 19% HCP. Knowledge scores (/100, median [IQR]) were highest among HCPs [98.1 (96.2, 100)], followed by coaches [96.2 (73.1, 98.1)], and athletes [90.4 (67.3, 92.3)] with significant differences between the groups ( P < 0.001). Participants from Canada demonstrated higher knowledge scores [92.3 (75.0, 98.1)] than those from Europe [75.0 (67.3, 96.2); P < 0.001]. Similar differences were observed for the awareness of recommended tools and the access to educational resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge translation strategies should be adapted to better reach the French-speaking sports community in Europe and further individualized according to professional role.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e76-e85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Injuries in the Wild West: A Comparison of Head Injuries in English and Western Collegiate Equestrian Athletes.","authors":"Lauren K Picken, Anna E Crawford, Gerald McGwin, Devon Serrano, Sara Gould","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001400","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Compare incidence of head injury, number of falls, and helmet use between English and Western riders.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Online flyers.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Competitive college equestrian athletes.</p><p><strong>Assessment of risk factors: </strong>This study assesses the difference in risk of head injury between the English and Western disciplines of riding.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The difference in risk of head injury between the English and Western disciplines of riding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred fifty-seven equestrian athletes between 18 and 24 years of age who ride competitively for their college or university's team participated in this study. Of these athletes, 297 athletes competed in English style riding, and 60 competed in Western style riding. There was a significantly higher proportion of English-style equestrians who reported always wearing a helmet while riding (92.5%), in comparison with just 23.3% of Western style riders. There were significantly more Western equestrians than English equestrians who reported multiple head injuries because of falls in the previous year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All equestrians have a high incidence of head injuries; however, Western riders reported a higher number of falls in the previous year than their English counterparts. In addition, Western riders reported less consistent helmet use when compared with their English counterparts, who are more likely to always wear helmets when riding. This study highlights important differences in the risk of head injury between participation in Western and English riding.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"472-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145803235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent Grassroots Soccer and Sports-Related Concussion: A Program for Change.","authors":"Abid Hussain, Dominic Malcolm, Nat Padhiar, Ciaran Padhiar, Nikos Malliaropoulos, Ian Beasley, Nicola Maffulli","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001458","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":"36 4","pages":"415-417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}