Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Sport-Related Cutaneous Infections: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Breanna N Santoso, Abraham M Korman, Mark A Bechtel, Michael R Baria","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bacterial and viral cutaneous infections pose a great risk of serious complications in combat athletes and contribute to a significant amount of time lost in practice and competition. Although these infections can be treated with standard antimicrobials, the rise in resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and dermatophytes calls for updated treatment recommendations. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is becoming a highly prevalent culprit of impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis and must be managed correctly to eradicate infection effectively. In addition, the increased prevalence of tinea incognito and terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton tonsurans makes dermatophyte infections difficult to handle. Limited studies provide evidence for a nuanced approach when treating athletes who engage in weight cycling or rapid weight loss, but adjusted dosing and treatment guidelines remain important.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3.0-Tesla MRI Observation at Return to Play After Hamstring Injuries.","authors":"Muhammad Ikhwan Zein, Gustaaf Reurink, Jozef J M Suskens, Jithsa R C Monte, Frank F Smithuis, Stan Buckens, Mario Maas, Johannes L Tol","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe 3.0-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hamstring muscles in clinically recovered athletes who were cleared for return to play (RTP).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Athletes (amateur and professional) who were cleared for RTP after hamstring injury. Fifty-eight participants were included in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>3-T MRI at baseline (within 7 days from initial injury) and MRI at RTP (within 10 days of RTP).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Injury location, grade of injury (modified Peetrons and British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification/BAMIC), presence and the extent of intramuscular signal abnormality, intramuscular tendon disruption, and thickness. Reinjuries within 1 year of RTP were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Magnetic resonance images at RTP showed that 55 (95%) participants had intramuscular increased signal intensity (edema) and 44 (76%) participants had intramuscular abnormal low-signal intensity (suggesting fibrosis) on MRI. There was an overall reduction of injury grades according to the modified Peetrons and BAMIC classification at initial injury to RTP. Three (5%) participants had no abnormal signal intensities (grade 0 or grade 0A) on MRI at RTP. Intramuscular tendon disruption, waviness, and tendon thickening were present at RTP in, respectively, 22 (38%), 15 (26%), and 36 (62%). We recorded 3 (5%) reinjuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At RTP, 3.0-T MRI shows high percentages of MRI abnormalities (edema, fibrosis, and intramuscular tendon disruption and thickening). We conclude that complete normalization of 3.0-T MRI is not expected for RTP decision after a hamstring injury. Its possible association with reinjury risk has to be determined in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal Soreness Location and Intensity in Soccer Athletes Across Multiple Seasons.","authors":"Brett S Pexa, Malia N M Blue, Nikki E Barczak-Scarboro, Jeffrey B Taylor, Christopher D Johnston, Kevin R Ford","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare soreness location and intensity between male and female soccer athletes across 2 competitive seasons.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive Cohort Study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Collegiate Sports Medicine Facility.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Forty male and 42 female collegiate soccer athletes.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Season-long soccer trainings and games.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Athletes reported perceived soreness location and intensity daily. χ2 analysis and linear mixed effect models were used to compare soreness locations and intensities by sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male and female soccer athletes reported similar number of soreness instances, but male soccer athletes reported soreness more frequently at the ankle, foot, hip, pelvis, and posterior thigh. Female soccer athletes reported soreness more frequently at the anterior leg, anterior thigh, and knee. There was no significant difference in soreness intensity between sexes at any body location (P = 0.86). When collapsed across sex, the frequency of anterior thigh soreness was higher at preseason (7.49%, CI: 5.46-9.52) than at midseason (4.55%, CI: 2.52-6.57; t = -2.94, P = 0.023) and at postseason (3.00%, CI: 0.76-5.23; t = -3.74, P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in hip soreness frequency between the preseason (2.35%, CI: 1.32-3.33) and the postseason time points (0.52%, CI: -0.73% to 1.67%; t = -2.68, P = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Male and female athletes differ in the locations of their lower extremity soreness. However, lower extremity soreness intensity does not differ between sexes. Soccer athletes report soreness more frequently during the preseason and midseason than during the postseason. With tools to measure daily soreness location and intensity, clinicians could create targeted interventions to reduce soreness and limit its negative affect.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Time to Clinic Presentation After a Sport-Related Concussion.","authors":"Amad Amedy, Kristen Williams, Olivia L Prosak, Trevor Anesi, Scott L Zuckerman, Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the associations between clinical risk factors, social demographic and time to concussion clinic presentation after sports-related concussion in young athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Multidisciplinary regional concussion center.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Athletes ages 12 to 18 years who sustained a SRC from November 2017 to April 2022.</p><p><strong>Independent variables: </strong>Independent variables included social demographic factors (ie, race, ethnicity, public vs private school, public vs private insurance), patient medical history, family medical history, acute concussion characteristics, and initial presentation elsewhere.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Descriptive statistics were employed to assess for group differences. Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman rank order correlations, and linear regressions were performed to explore associations between each independent variable and the main outcome, days to concussion clinic presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 945 athletes we included (age 15.8 ± 1.61, 33.7% female). Hispanic/Latino background, (P = 0.009), public insurance status (U = 47 377.0, P = 0.002), amnesia (U = 57 738.0, P = 0.002) at time of injury, family psychiatric (U = 35 091.0, P < 0.001) or migraine (U = 59 594.5, P < 0.001) histories, and personal psychiatric (U = 30 798.0, P = 0.004) or migraine (U = 34 133.5, P = 0.011) histories were associated with longer time to concussion clinic presentation. A multivariable linear regression found that initial presentation elsewhere (β = 0.37, P < 0.001), family migraine history (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), public insurance status (β = 0.09, P = 0.024), and history of learning disability (β = 0.09, P = 0.032) were the only predictors of longer time to concussion clinic presentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variables that predicted longer time to concussion clinic presentation included initial presentation elsewhere, public insurance status, positive family migraine history, and history of learning disability. Further research is needed to elucidate these findings and determine how they impact concussion seeking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Muscle Activity Distribution During High-Speed Running Estimated Using Multichannel Electromyography: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jozef J M Suskens, Huub Maas, Jaap H van Dieën, Gino M M J Kerkhoffs, Johannes L Tol, Gustaaf Reurink","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of the Nordic hamstring exercise on normalized muscle activity and relative contribution of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus through multichannel electromyography in the late-swing phase of high-speed running.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A pragmatic, 2-arm, single-center randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a Nordic group or control group.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Dutch male basketball.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twenty injury-free players (mean age 18 ± 3 years).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>A 12-week Nordic hamstring exercise intervention.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Level of normalized muscle activity (percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction [%MVIC]) and relative contribution (%con) of hamstring muscles for 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not result in significant changes for 12 weeks. For normalized muscle activity, between-group differences (compared with the control group) for 12 weeks were 11.4 %MVIC (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -11.0, 33.8) for the biceps femoris long head, -9.4 %MVIC (95% CI: -23.3, 5.2) for the semitendinosus, and -2.7 %MVIC (95% CI: -15.8, 10.3) for the semimembranosus, P = 0.151. For relative contribution, between-group differences for 12 weeks were -6.1 %con (95% CI: -2.4, 14.6) for the biceps femoris long head, -7.0 %con (95% CI: -13.6, -0.4) for the semitendinosus, and 0.9 %con (95% CI: -9.2, 11.0) for the semimembranosus P = 0.187. Positive values are in favor of the Nordic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 12-week Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not affect the level of muscle activity and relative contribution of hamstring muscles in the late-swing phase of high-speed running. Because of the low amount of data sets, results should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unexpected Finding in an Adolescent Rowing Athlete With Angina Pectoris. A Case Report.","authors":"Nuno Cotrim, Bruno Castilho, Carlos Cotrim, Jorge Guardado, Luís Baquero","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Significant intraventricular gradient development during exercise is rare, usually occurring with left ventricular hypertrophy. The etiopathogenesis consists of the increase in nonobstructive physiological gradients; ventricular cavitary obliteration with consequent end-systolic obstruction; and midsystolic obstruction caused by systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve compromising flow. A correlation between intraventricular gradient development and various symptoms has been established. Chest pain is common in children and is a frequent reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists. Despite the benign nature of most pediatric chest pain, extensive and costly cardiac evaluation is common in these patients. In the case presented here, we describe an adolescent rowing athlete with excruciating effort angina only during upright exercise, which was replicated while performing an exercise stress echocardiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Equestrian Helmet Type Affect Head Injury? A Study on Equestrian Helmet Use Among Collegiate Athletes.","authors":"Sara Gould, Anna E Crawford, Lauren Picken, Devon Serrano, Fernanda Gabriel, Gerald McGwin, Avinash Chandran, Kevin Schrum","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To characterize helmet use, head injury risk, and to examine rider-related factors that influence these variables.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The University of Alabama at Birmingham Equestrian Sports Medicine Collaborative.</p><p><strong>Patients or participants: </strong>In total, 357 equestrians competing at the collegiate level participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Interventions or assessment of risk factors or independent variables: </strong>χ2 tests were used to evaluate potential associations between a rider's experience level, riding style, and use of helmet designed with MIPS with number of falls, past head injuries, and helmet use frequency.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Data regarding helmet use and equestrian-related injuries were collected. χ2 analysis was used to determine potential associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 50% of athletes reported falling off a horse during the course of 1 year. Head injuries occurred with high frequency. Concussion was the most frequently reported type. More than 50% of athletes with self-reported concussion denied receiving medical treatment. The risk of head injury was similar across helmet brands, and between helmets with Multi-Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS) and those without. Riders with the most experience were less likely to report sustaining a head injury than those with less experience. Contrary to current safety guidelines, 78% of equestrians said that they would not replace their helmet after every fall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collegiate equestrians have a high risk of fall-related traumatic head injury. Despite this risk, they report helmet use practices that are not in line with current recommendations regarding helmet replacement.  This suggests that many of the athletes are using protective equipment that does not adequately protect against head injury. Neither helmet brand nor liner type was associated with lower rate of head injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Infection in Ultramarathon Runners: Findings of the Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking Study.","authors":"James R Jastifer, Ethan J Jastifer, Martin D Hoffman","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001252","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ultramarathon runners are a unique patient population who have been shown to have a lower rate of severe chronic medical conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect that COVID-19 infection has had on this population and their running behavior.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) Study is a large longitudinal study of ultramarathon runners. Questions on health status, running behavior, and COVID-19 infection were included in the most recent survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Seven hundred thirty-four ultramarathon runners participated in the study.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Personal, exercise, and COVID-19 infection history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>52.7% of study participants reported having been symptomatic from a COVID-19 infection, with 6.7% testing positive multiple times. Participants required a total of 4 days of hospitalization. The most common symptoms included fever (73.6%), fatigue (68.5%), sore throat (68.2%), runny nose (67.7%), and cough (67.4%). Cardiovascular symptoms, which are of particular interest in the running population, included shortness of breath (46.3%), tachycardia (44.7%), chest pain (36.2%), and wheezing (33.3%). A total of 50 subjects (6.8%) reported long COVID (symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe COVID-19 infection has been rare in this population of ultramarathon runners, although symptomatic infection that affects running is common. To support the well-being of this group of highly active athletes, clinicians should appreciate that cardiovascular symptoms are common and the long-term significance of these symptoms in runners is unknown.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2 prospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"597-602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of Additional Pathology in Low-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries.","authors":"Drew Mulhall, Sheila McRae, James Koenig, Graeme Matthewson, Peter Nemeth, Peter MacDonald","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001231","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if additional pathology is present in low-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective case series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Patients were assessed by primary care sports medicine physicians at a single institution between 2019 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with a type I to III AC injury based on clinical and radiographic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Consenting patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation within 21 days of injury. All injuries were treated nonoperatively.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Additional pathologies identified on MRI were reported in a standardized fashion by fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine patients (26 men/3 women) were consented with a mean (±SD) age of 28.6 ± 9.5 years. The mean time from injury to MRI was 8.1 ± 5.9 days. Twenty-three injuries were sport related, and 6 were accidental traumas. Based on MRI, injury type was reclassified in 16 of 29 patients, and 13 remained unchanged. Additional pathologies identified included 14 muscle injuries, 5 rotator cuff tears, 5 labral tears, 1 nondisplaced fracture, and 1 intra-articular body.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRI evidence suggests that most AC joint injuries are more severe than clinically diagnosed. Identifying additional pathology may alter diagnostic and treatment guidelines for type I to III AC joint injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"567-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Sport Specialization on Injury Risk in NCAA Athletes: Results From the SAFE Consortium.","authors":"Jared J Lutsic, Seth E Lutsic, David S Ibrahim, Matthew C Augusta, Jason D Robinson, Kevin M Tong, Mathew R Saffarian, Sally E Nogel, Nathan J Fitton","doi":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001225","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JSM.0000000000001225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Youth athletes are beginning to specialize in a single sport more often. Previous studies in sports medicine and orthopedics have shown an association between intensity of sport specialization and incidence of injuries. This study is the first of its kind to explore the effects of early sport specialization on injury risk through a multicenter framework with a concentration on NCAA athletics.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>SAFE Consortium.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 211 collegiate athletes from the NCAA's 3 levels of competition: Division I, II, and III. Data were collected by the SAFE investigators.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>N/A.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Participants completed a questionnaire about their demographics, sport participation, specialization status, physical injuries, recovery period, and treatment method. Specialization status was calculated with a previously published 3-point scale: low, moderate, and high. Injuries were categorized as upper extremity injuries (UEIs) and lower extremity injuries (LEIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report UEIs and LEIs than low specialized athletes ( P < 0.0001). Moderate specialization, in contrast to low specialization, was associated with a higher likelihood of LEIs ( P = 0.03) but not UEIs ( P = 0.052). Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report an injury of any kind.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SAFE investigators found high specialization was associated with a history of UEIs and LEIs. Return to play was longer for highly specialized athletes versus low specialized athletes (112 days and 85 days, respectively). Highly specialized athletes were more likely to be from Division I and to require surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10355,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"578-582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}