{"title":"Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: history and current development.","authors":"Zaheer Nabi, D Nageshwar Reddy","doi":"10.5946/ce.2025.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) represents an innovative advancement in minimally invasive surgery, utilizing natural body orifices to access the peritoneal cavity to minimize surgical trauma, reduce postoperative pain, and avoid visible scars. Since its inception, NOTES has faced challenges such as technical complexity and securing safe access closure, which initially limited its widespread adoption. However, advancements in endoscopic techniques and technology, closure devices, and hybrid approaches may revitalize its clinical utility. Hybrid NOTES, particularly transvaginal techniques, has demonstrated significant benefits, including reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and improved cosmesis, without compromising safety or efficacy. Innovations such as flexible endoscopic platforms, robotic assistance, and novel suturing techniques address previous limitations and enable broader applications across various gastrointestinal indications. Comparative studies have shown comparable outcomes between NOTES and traditional laparoscopy, with specific advantages in terms of patient comfort and recovery time. As technology evolves, NOTES continues to expand its clinical indications, and its future holds promise with the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence. Further research and structured training programs are crucial to overcome existing barriers and ensure safe and effective implementation in diverse clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nilanga Nishad, Malith Nandasena, Andreas Hadjinicolaou, Mo Hameed Thoufeeq
{"title":"Advancing colonoscopy training: tailored strategies and simulation-based models for skill mastery.","authors":"Nilanga Nishad, Malith Nandasena, Andreas Hadjinicolaou, Mo Hameed Thoufeeq","doi":"10.5946/ce.2025.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective endoscopy training begins by assessing the trainee's experience and identifying their skill level: beginners, learners, independent practitioners, or experts. Beginners focus on basic tasks, such as cecal intubation, while advanced trainees refine efficiency and complex techniques. Training prioritizes conscious competence through deliberate practice, reflection, and verbalizing actions; this enhances mindfulness and procedural expertise. Clear communication, standardized terminology, and constructive feedback ensure safety, confidence, and skill retention. SMART objectives-specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely-help structure sessions for skill development and mastery. Simulation-based models support training at all the levels. Beginners benefit from cost-effective low-fidelity bench models and virtual reality (VR) simulators, which offer realistic tactile feedback and customizable scenarios. Studies have shown that both low- and high-fidelity models can effectively teach basic skills, although VR is preferred for foundational training. Advanced trainees utilize animal-based models for therapeutic interventions, three-dimensional printed models for pathology-specific practice, and hybrid models that combine VR and physical elements for enhanced realism. Augmented reality and haptic feedback systems refine advanced skills, but face developmental and cost challenges. Mentored live patient models excel in real-world decision-making, but raise ethical concerns. Training is tailored to individual needs, and competency-based training ensures mastery at each stage, from beginners to advanced practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advancement in size measurement during endoscopy.","authors":"Hye Kyung Jeon, Gwang Ha Kim","doi":"10.5946/ce.2025.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate lesion size measurement is essential in endoscopic practice as it influences treatment strategies, surveillance decisions, and clinical outcomes, especially in colorectal polyps. Traditional measurement techniques, including visual estimation and biopsy forceps, have significant interobserver variability and procedural inefficiencies. Recent advancements in digital measurement technologies, including virtual scale endoscopy (VSE) and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted virtual rulers, have addressed these limitations. VSE projects a virtual scale onto endoscopic images, enhancing measurement precision and reducing variability. Several studies have demonstrated its superior accuracy compared with conventional methods; however, limitations such as increased procedure time and operator training requirements persist. AI-assisted virtual rulers utilize deep learning algorithms to automate lesion size estimation, significantly improving reproducibility and diagnostic reliability. Although these technologies offer promising improvements, challenges remain, including real-time integration, standardization, and regulatory approval. Future research should focus on refining AI models, expanding validation studies, and optimizing their usability in routine practice. A hybrid approach that combines AI automation with real-time digital tools may enhance the precision and efficiency of endoscopic lesion assessment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy for biliary drainage in hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study from Japan.","authors":"Kenneth Tachi, Kazuo Hara, Nozomi Okuno, Shin Haba, Takamichi Kuwahara, Toshitaka Fukui, Ahmed Mohammed Sadek, Hossam El-Din Shaaban Mahmoud Ibrahim, Minako Urata, Takashi Kondo, Yoshitaro Yamamoto","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.079","DOIUrl":"10.5946/ce.2024.079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Biliary obstruction drainage in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with symptom palliation, improved access to chemotherapy, and improved survival. Stent placement and exchange via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage risk traversing the HCC, a hypervascular tumor and causing bleeding. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) potentially prevents procedure-related bleeding. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of EUS-HGS as an alternative treatment for biliary obstruction in patients with HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of all EUS-HGS procedures performed in patients with HCC at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, from February 2017 to August 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 EUS-HGS procedures (42.9% primary) were attempted in 10 HCC patients (mean age 71.5 years, 80.0% male). Clinical and technical success rates were 92.9% and 90.9%, respectively. The observed procedure details in the 13 successful procedures included B3 puncture (53.8%), 22-G needle (53.8%), fully covered self-expandable metal stent (100%), and mean procedure time (32.7 minutes). There was no bleeding. Mild complications occurred in 27.3%. All patients resumed oral intake within 24 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EUS-HGS is a technically feasible and clinically effective initial or salvage drainage option for the treatment of biliary obstruction in patients with HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":"448-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive factors for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition: a retrospective study in Japan.","authors":"Keisuke Yonamine, Shinsuke Koshita, Yoshihide Kanno, Takahisa Ogawa, Hiroaki Kusunose, Toshitaka Sakai, Kazuaki Miyamoto, Fumisato Kozakai, Haruka Okano, Yuto Matsuoka, Kento Hosokawa, Hidehito Sumiya, Yutaka Noda, Kei Ito","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.238","DOIUrl":"10.5946/ce.2024.238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The factors affecting the detection rate of lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) using endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to identify the predictive factors for histologically detecting level 1 or 2 LPSP using EUS-TA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty patients with AIP were included in this study, and the primary outcome measures were the predictive factors for histologically detecting level 1 or 2 LPSP using EUS-TA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis identified the use of fine needle biopsy (FNB) needles as a significant predictive factor for LPSP detection (odds ratio, 15.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-141; ¬¬p=0.017). The rate of good-quality specimens (specimen adequacy score ≥4) was significantly higher for the FNB needle group than for the fine needle aspiration (FNA) needle group (97% vs. 56%; p<0.01), and the FNB needle group required significantly fewer needle passes than the FNA needle group (median, 2 vs. 3; p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of FNB needles was the most important factor for the histological confirmation of LPSP using EUS-TA in patients with type 1 AIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":"457-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical EndoscopyPub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-03-31DOI: 10.5946/ce.2024.211
Vishali Moond, Pradeep Yarra, Mannat Bhatia, Sheza Malik, Vineel Malavarappu, Hassam Ali, Saurabh Chandan, Douglas G Adler, Babu P Mohan
{"title":"Prevalence of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with irregular Z-line: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Vishali Moond, Pradeep Yarra, Mannat Bhatia, Sheza Malik, Vineel Malavarappu, Hassam Ali, Saurabh Chandan, Douglas G Adler, Babu P Mohan","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.211","DOIUrl":"10.5946/ce.2024.211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The irregular Z-line, defined as a segment of columnar mucosa less than 1 cm in the distal esophagus, is often biopsied despite guidelines advising against it due to a low risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the clinical significance of an irregular Z-line remains unclear. This meta-analysis examines the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia, and EAC in patients with an irregular Z-line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases up to October 2023 for studies on the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia, and EAC in these patients. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies involving 17,637 patients were analyzed. Among those with an irregular Z-line, the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 29.4%. In patients with intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia was found in 6.2%, low-grade dysplasia in 5.9%, high-grade dysplasia in 1.6%, and EAC in 1.5%. These rates were higher compared to those without intestinal metaplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with an irregular Z-line and intestinal metaplasia may be at higher risk and could benefit from endoscopic surveillance. Further studies are needed to determine the necessity of biopsying irregular Z-lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":"377-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}