Clinical Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Ten Year Outcome of Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment for First Episode Graves' Thyrotoxicosis: The Predictive Importance of TRAb.","authors":"Nyo Nyo Z Tun, Nicola N Zammitt, Mark W J Strachan, Jonathan R Seckl, Fraser W Gibb","doi":"10.1111/cen.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish the risk and time course of recurrent thyrotoxicosis following withdrawal of anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) and risk factors for recurrence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-centre retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and ninety people with a first episode of Graves' thyrotoxicosis, who completed a course of ATD, were included. Clinical and biochemical parameters associated with recurrence risk were assessed over a 10-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recurrence occurred in 54% of individuals over a 10-year period, with 73% occurring within 2 years. Younger age (41 years [33-51] vs. 47 [39-56], p = 0.011), higher TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) at diagnosis (8.8 IU/L [4.9-17.2] versus 6.0 [4.1-9.9], p = 0.002), higher TRAb at cessation of ATD (1.3 [<0.9-2.3] vs. 1.0 [<0.9-1.3], p < 0.001), longer time to normalisation of TSH (6 months [3-9] vs. 4 [2-7], p 0.013) and longer time to normalisation of fT4 (2 months [1-3] vs. 1 [1-2], p = 0.001) were all associated with relapse within 10 years. Recurrence within 10 years occurred in 74% of individuals with TRAb > 12 IU/L at diagnosis but only 44% of those with TRAb < 5 IU/L at diagnosis (p = 0.001). TRAb (at diagnosis and cessation) and age were independently associated with relapse in multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most recurrent thyrotoxicosis occurs within the first few years after ATD withdrawal. TRAb concentration, at diagnosis and cessation of ATD, is a useful predictor of recurrence risk and can be used to inform decisions on the optimal approach to primary therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of Cabergoline for Prolactinoma in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ananda Mohan Chakraborty, Ashu Rastogi","doi":"10.1111/cen.15304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prolactinoma is commonly treated with cabergoline, a dopamine D2 agonist. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety of cabergoline during pregnancy by examining outcomes of fetal loss, congenital malformations, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and change of tumour size post-gestation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a systematic review as per PRISMA guidelines, focusing on pregnant patients with prolactinoma. Using the PICO model, we analyzed pregnancy outcomes in women continued cabergoline during gestation versus discontinuation at pregnancy diagnosis. Our methodologies included data extraction, study selection, and outcome analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 studies mentioning 1387 pregnancies with prolactinoma were included. Fetal loss occurred in 16.1% of cases, while congenital malformations were observed in 4.7%. The live birth rates among cabergoline users during gestation were lower compared to non-users [RR 0.81 (0.67-0.98, 95% CI); p = 0.03]. The congenital malformations [0.99 (95% CI: 0.93-1.07); p = 0.88], preterm birth [RR: 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93-1.07); p = 0.97] and low birth weight [RR: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90-1.16); p = 0.71] showed no differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cabergoline, when continued during pregnancy, is associated with a lower chance of live birth compared to discontinuation of pregnancy at diagnosis of pregnancy in women with prolactinoma. However, there was no increased risk of incident congenital malformation, preterm birth or low birth weight. The analysis suggests careful consideration of cabergoline use in pregnant women with prolactinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonobese PCOS Compared to Obese PCOS Have Similar Clinical Presentation, Hormonal Profile, and Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Pankaj Patwari, Nisha Batra, Kaushik Sen, Ankita Saha, Binita Kumari, Madhurima Basu, Souveek Mitra, Kausik Das, Gaurishankar Kamilya, Arjun Baidya, Animesh Maiti, Debasis Bhattacharyya, Pradip Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Ghosh","doi":"10.1111/cen.15302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ethnicity-based BMI and WC cut-offs are used to group PCOS into obese and nonobese PCOS. Uncertainty exists regarding differences in clinical presentation, body composition, hepatic fat, insulin resistance (especially in comparison to visceral fat), and adiposopathy between obese and nonobese PCOS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was an observational study wherein we evaluated women 18-40 years of age and compared Obese PCOS (OP) with nonobese PCOS (NOP) and additionally compared them with obese controls without PCOS (OC) and nonobese control without PCOS (NOC) (30 subjects in each group), with respect to their clinical, biochemical, hormonal cyto-adipokines/hepatokines, body composition by DXA, transient hepatic elastography, and insulin sensitivity with disposition index using frequently sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (fsIVGTT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nonobese PCOS subjects were more likely to have menstrual irregularities, compared to obese PCOS (93% vs. 70%, p = 0.02). Serum testosterone, LH/FSH, SHBG visceral adipose tissue content, insulin resistance (disposition index on fsIVGTT), and all pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β), except TNF-α (17.7 vs. 11.5 pg/ml, p = 0.001), were found to be similar between obese and nonobese PCOS groups. Fasting plasma glucose was slightly higher (89 vs. 79 mg/dl, p = 0.02) in obese PCOS as compared to non-obese PCOS group. PCOS subjects had significantly higher body fat%, visceral fat and android gynoid ratio than BMI-matched controls (p = < 0.001). Corrected VAT was similar in obese vs. nonobese PCOS. PCOS subjects had higher hepatic fat content & insulin resistance in comparison to BMI-matched healthy controls (p-value 0.03 and 0.02 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obese and nonobese PCOS subjects overall appear to share similar biochemical hormonal correct VAT, and insulin resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Puzzle of Bone Health in Klinefelter Syndrome: Association Between DXA-Derived Lumbar Bone Strain Index and Body Composition Parameters in a Single Center Cohort.","authors":"Stella Pigni, Walter Vena, Maria Francesca Birtolo, Alessandro Fanti, Fabio Massimo Ulivieri, Luca Rinaudo, Lorenzo Leonardi, Luca Balzarini, Antonio Carlo Bossi, Alessandro Pizzocaro, Andrea Lania, Gherardo Mazziotti","doi":"10.1111/cen.15301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is frequently characterized by skeletal fragility with increased risk of fractures, independently of testosterone levels and bone mineral density (BMD). Unfavorable body composition might negatively influence bone health in KS patients. Recently, a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived index of bone strength, the bone strain index (BSI), has emerged as a promising tool for assessing fracture risk and bone quality derangement, particularly in secondary osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between lumbar BSI (l-BSI), trabecular bone score (TBS) and body composition parameters in a cohort of adult patients with KS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Forty four patients with 47, XXY KS (median age 39.5 years, range 18-61) followed at an Italian referral center.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>BMD, BSI, TBS, and body composition parameters were evaluated by total body DXA. Correlations between body composition and bone parameters were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>l-BSI was significantly associated with fat mass index (FMI) (rho = 0.64, p < 0.001), fat-to-lean mass index ratio (rho = 0.66, p < 0.001), and visceral fat mass (rho = 0.56, p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation between l-BSI and TBS (rho: -0.73, p < 0.001) was also observed. Patients with impaired TBS and those with later age at KS diagnosis showed significantly higher l-BSI values (p < 0.001). Later age at KS diagnosis also correlated with higher body fat indexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased adiposity may have detrimental effects on lumbar bone quality and strength as assessed by l-BSI in adult patients with KS. Later diagnosis of KS may contribute to unfavorable body composition and impaired skeletal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagonoma and Glucagonoma Syndrome: An Updated Review.","authors":"Sofia Anelli, Rossella Mazzilli, Virginia Zamponi, Beatrice Giorgini, Bianca Golisano, Camilla Mancini, Flaminia Russo, Francesco Panzuto, Antongiulio Faggiano","doi":"10.1111/cen.15300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucagonoma is a rare well-differentiated slowly proliferating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour, characterized by several manifestations including necrolytic migratory erythema, weight loss, diabetes and anaemia.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of the current review was to acknowledge literature about this rare tumour discerning the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of glucagonoma by comparing three different periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A study published by Song reviewed 216 cases from studies published between 1999 and 2016, making a comparison with 407 cases reported before 1998 by Soga and Yakuwa. The current review consisted of 86 cases reported in studies published in and after 2017: 40 males and 46 females, with an average age of 48.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 0.87. The rate of typical clinical findings was as follows: NME, 93.2% (69/74); DM, 70.3% (50/74); weight loss, 62.2% (46/74); anaemia, 44.6% (33/74); glossitis or stomatitis or cheilitis, 31.1% (23/74). A total of 85 cases reported the location of the tumour as the pancreas and 38.8% of these cases involved the tail of the pancreas. The average tumour size was 4.6 cm in patients between 2017 and 2024. Metastasis was detected in 52.3% of patients (45/86). The comparison with previous series highlighted an earlier age of diagnosis of glucagonoma and a higher rate of NME, consistent with a higher diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glucagonoma is a rare pathology, with peculiar characteristics that need to be acknowledged to achieve a timely diagnosis and finally improve patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cardiac Autonomic Function in Patients With Alteration in Thyroid Hormones: Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Marianne Lucena da Silva, Nádia Martins de Paula Souza, Miguel Luciano Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Brenda Gabriele Dantas Pinto Vieira, Liana Barbaresco Gomide Matheus, Aline Teixeira Alves, Katiane da Costa Cunha","doi":"10.1111/cen.15299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid hormonal disorders are widely discussed in the literature. These dysfunctions also influence the modulation of the cardiovascular system due to alterations in the autonomic nervous system, affecting heart rate variability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To verify the influence of thyroidian hormonal dysfunctions on the modulation of cardiac autonomic activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was carried out to search for studies used in the electronic databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scielo, Pubmed via Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl and SPORTDiscus, without restrictions how many years. For this review, we have considered experimental studies carried out with human beings that will analyse the variability of heart rate in the thyroid hormone diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten thousand two hundred ninety-eight items found, 15 included, which were non-randomised clinical trials that assessed heart rate variability domains. I note that patients affected by hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism have a reduction in heart rate variability, reflecting a decrease in the adaptive capacity of the heart.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect cardiac autonomic modulation, resulting in a reduction in heart rate variability. However, there were differences in relation to the availability of frequency and time data.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of KMT2A Gene-Related Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome and Progress in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy for Short-Stature Children.","authors":"Xinyu Yue, Meiping Chen, Xiaoan Ke, Hongbo Yang, Fengying Gong, Linjie Wang, Lian Duan, Hui Pan, Huijuan Zhu","doi":"10.1111/cen.15293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) due to KMT2A variant is a rare autosomal dominant genetic heterogeneity disorder associated with short stature, the exact genetic mechanism of which is still unknown. This study aims to define the clinical, therapeutic and molecular findings of three new WSS patients from unrelated families, and to summarize the clinical characteristics and response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy.</p><p><strong>Design, patients and measurements: </strong>Three male patients with short stature were included, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. All reported patients with WSS worldwide caused by KMT2A variants were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the three patients was 8.3 ± 8.9 years, with an average height Z-score of -3.9 ± 1.8. Three KMT2A variants were detected with the aid of WES. A total of 333 cases of WSS have been reported, with 269 types of KMT2A gene variants described. WSS was characterized by intellectual disorder (92.9%, 250/269), developmental delay (87.9%, 175/199), generalized hypertrichosis (76.7%, 66/86) and short stature (70.9%, 61/86). The height Z-score of 14 patients received rhGH treatment significantly increased from -3.3 ± 1.2 to -1.8 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001) after an average treatment duration of 25.7 ± 23.1 months, and was positively correlated with the duration of treatment (r = 0.899, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the height Z-score change between seven growth hormone deficiency (GHD) patients and five non-GHD patients after rhGH treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provided a comprehensive analysis between phenotypes and genotypes of KMT2A variants and WSS. Our findings indicated that patients with WSS may experience favourable outcomes with rhGH therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism Among Patients With Hypertension.","authors":"Divyansh Goyal, Manasvini Bhatt, Tamoghna Ghosh, Prayas Sethi, Ranveer Singh Jadon, Sarah Alam, Rajesh Khadgawat","doi":"10.1111/cen.15296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite being a leading cause of secondary hypertension and association with a higher incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality the prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) is poorly studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We assessed the prevalence of PA in participants being treated as essential hypertension (EHTN).</p><p><strong>Design and participants: </strong>In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 492 participants with diagnosis of EHTN were evaluated. The screening for PA was conducted by measuring plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and direct renin concentration (DRC), from which the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) was calculated. Based on Endocrine Society guidelines, screening test was followed by a confirmatory recumbent saline infusion test (SIT). Participants who showed a post-SIT PAC greater than 5 ng/dL were diagnosed with PA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 492 EHTN participants, 91 (18.49%) had positive screening test. Out of 91 participants, 59 agreed for SIT and PA was confirmed in 37 participants (8.04%) (Excluding 32 screened positive participants who were non-compliant to SIT). The mean age was 49.98 ± 7.76 years, and median duration of hypertension was 5 (0-24) years. The prevalence of PA increased with grade of hypertension (5.97% in grade 1%-12.03% in grade 3), hypertension daily dose (HDD) (3.57% in those with HDD < 1% to 27.27% in those with HDD ≥ 4). No significant difference in hypokalaemia in PA and EHTN (2.70% and 3.54% respectively, p: 0.7815).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows a high prevalence of PA in subjects treated as a case of EHTN.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Implications of Thyroid Incidentalomas Detected During Lymphoma Staging With 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.","authors":"Marcos Tadashi Kakitani Toyoshima, Roberta Morgado Ferreira Zuppani, Isabelle Pinheiro Amaro, Camila Regina Pereira Batista de Macedo, Ricardo Miguel Costa de Freitas, Rodrigo Dolphini Velasques, Juliana Pereira, Rafael Loch Batista, Debora Lúcia Seguro Danilovic, Delmar Muniz Lourenço, Ana O Hoff","doi":"10.1111/cen.15295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and endocrine implications of thyroid incidentalomas detected during lymphoma staging using FDG-PET/CT.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>A total of 795 adult patients with lymphoma who underwent FDG-PET/CT for staging at a tertiary oncology centre were included.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Thyroid uptake was classified as focal, diffuse, or absent. Additional data included demographic features, lymphoma subtype, thyroid function, autoantibodies, ultrasound (US), fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and histopathology when available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 139 patients (17.5%). Focal FDG uptake was observed in 33 patients (4.2%) and was associated with a malignancy rate of 18.2% (28.6% among those who underwent FNAC). Diffuse uptake was observed in 20 patients (2.5%) and was significantly associated with positive thyroid autoantibodies (58.3%, p < 0.01). Older age and female gender were independent predictors of thyroid uptake. ROC analysis identified optimal age thresholds of 68.6 years for females and 59.8 years for males (AUC = 0.72). SUVmax, Hounsfield units, and ACR TI-RADS classification were not significantly associated with malignancy. All malignant cases occurred in nodules classified as TI-RADS 4 or 5. Volume on CT was inversely associated with malignancy (ρ = -0.50, p = 0.046). No significant impact on overall survival was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thyroid incidentalomas are frequent during lymphoma staging by FDG-PET/CT and should be appropriately evaluated. Focal uptake carries a relevant malignancy risk, even in nodules with low SUVmax. Diffuse uptake often reflects autoimmune thyroiditis. A multimodal diagnostic approach is essential to guide management and avoid unnecessary delays in cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Risk in First Degree Relatives of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).","authors":"Su Jen Chua, Xinyi Wu, Tahani Al Kindi, Bulent O Yildiz, Aya Mousa, Loyal Pattuwage, Helena Teede, Anju E Joham, Chau Thien Tay","doi":"10.1111/cen.15294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multisystem disorder with reproductive, cardiometabolic and psychological implications. Genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. We sought to investigate the cardiometabolic health of first degree relatives (FDR) of women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, allEBM (Ovid), clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICTRP were searched from inception until 1st November 2023. Randomised controlled trials, observational studies, evidence-based guidelines, systematic reviews and health technology assessments reporting on cardiometabolic health of FDRs of women with PCOS compared to participants without a family history of PCOS (controls) were included. Primary outcomes of interest were cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adhered to for the systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search strategy identified 20,639 publications of which 68 publications representing 34 unique studies were included. FDRs of women with PCOS had higher rates of metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.40-4.45, I² = 65%; six studies; 2059 participants; p = 0.002), hypertension (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.08-3.92, I² = 0%; three studies; 302 participants; p = 0.03) and diabetes (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.31-4.62, I2 = 9%; five studies; 778 participants; p = 0.005) compared with controls. Additionally, measures of glucose control and lipid profile were worse in FDRs of women with PCOS compared with controls. Most studies were judged as moderate risk of bias. No published data on CVD were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FDRs of women with PCOS are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}