Clinical Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Bisphenol A in Children Aged 6-14 Years.","authors":"Pinar Altun Yildirim, Ersin Nazlican, Zeliha Haytoglu, İhsan Turan, Betul Kilincli, Asli Atasoy Aydin, Eda Mengen, Nebile Daglioglu","doi":"10.1111/cen.15221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of hypothyroidism in childhood is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of exposure to bisphenol A, an environmental endocrine disruptor, and its substitutes in the development of hypothyroidism. To this end, thyroid hormone levels and urinary bisphenol concentrations were compared in newly diagnosed hypothyroid children and a healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 51 newly diagnosed hypothyroid children aged 6-14 years were matched with 51 healthy controls. The association between thyroid hormone levels and urinary bisphenol levels was investigated by measuring urinary bisphenol levels in both the case and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in age, sex or BMI percentile between the case and control groups. The groups were homogeneously distributed. When urinary bisphenol levels were examined, BPA, BPS, BPF and BPB were not detected in the control group. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of urinary bisphenol BPS levels. The case group showed a mean total concentration of 16.5 ng/mL and a median of 5.8 ng/mL. Diagnosing hypothyroidism in the children can be considered by examining the bisphenol level. In the ROC analysis, if this level is over 1.3 and is considered positive for hypothyroidism, the sensitivity value is determined as 83.7% and the specificity value is 75%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that at least 50% of the children in the case group had bisphenol concentrations exceeding the highest value recorded in the control group, suggesting that total BP levels could be used as a potential biomarker for hypothyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Postoperative Growth in Japanese Children with Craniopharyngioma.","authors":"Yuri Mukoyama, Shun Moriguchi, Fumihiko Takizawa, Atsushi Ogawa, Tetsushi Ogawa, Junko Ito, Susumu Yokoya, Noriaki Fukuhara, Mitsuo Yamaguchi-Okada, Hiroshi Nishioka, Shozo Yamada, Tsuyoshi Isojima","doi":"10.1111/cen.15224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Craniopharyngioma (CP) has mostly nonspecific symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis. Early indicators of CP in children are needed for early diagnosis and to detect postoperative growth patterns for their optimal care. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and postoperative growth patterns in Japanese children with CP.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective analysis of medical records (2000-2022).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-three children (median age at diagnosis = 9.3 (0.9-18) years; 44 females) from Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, who were diagnosed with CP and undergoing trans-sphenoidal or trans-cranial surgery, or both, were followed up for at least 3 years. We assessed clinical characteristics and changes in height and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDSs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SDSs for height and BMI were -1.7 (-4.0 to 1.3) and 0.21 (-2.3 to 2.2), respectively. Chief complaints at diagnosis were neurologic (n = 25, 34.2%), endocrine (n = 22, 30.1%), or ophthalmic (n = 22, 30.1%), while accompanying neurologic, endocrine, and ophthalmic symptoms were present in 34 (46.6%), 63 (86.3%), and 37 (50.7%) patients, respectively. One year after surgery, growth without growth hormone (GWGH) was detected in seven patients (13%), which could be categorized based on MRI-evident hypothalamic involvement (transient: n = 3, 5.6%; permanent: n = 4, 7.4%). Preoperative hydrocephalus (n = 21, 32.8%) was the only factor significantly associated with postoperative GWGH at 1 year (p = 0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with CP have distinctive clinical characteristics and postoperative growth patterns. Identifying symptoms using school-based auxological measurements could help in early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Testosterone Enanthate and Testosterone Undecanoate as a Gender Affirming Hormonal Therapy in Trans Males.","authors":"Sankar Sinju, Subbiah Sridhar, Palaniyappan Sreenivasan, Sureshkumar Paramasivam, Geethaanjali Varadarajan, Nattanmai Krishnan Mahalakshmi, Thangavel Gnanasekharan, Vasanthiy Natarajan","doi":"10.1111/cen.15223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Testosterone is the only available gender affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) for female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals, to alleviate gender dysphoria and to obtain desired masculinizing effects. The objective is to study the effect of two different formulations of testosterone- testosterone enanthate (TE) and testosterone undecanoate (TU) on various clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted over a period of 28 months in a Transgender multi-specialty clinic. Fifty-eight testosterone naive transgender men, randomized into two groups, 29 received TE and the remaining 29 received TU.</p><p><strong>Patients and measurements: </strong>The variables assessed were cessation of menstrual cycles, onset of facial and body hair, deepening of voice, waist-to-hip ratio, clitoromegaly, muscle strength, hematological, lipid, liver functions and gonadal hormonal profile. The changes were compared at baseline, 6 months and 1 year following TE and TU and compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups had desired masculinizing effects at the end of 1 year. There was a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, LDL cholesterol and testosterone levels with a simultaneous decrease in HDL and estradiol levels at 1 year in both the groups with no statistical significance between the groups, despite the lesser number of injections received by TU group than TE group (6 vs. 18).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both TE and TU is safe, effective and well tolerated GAHT among FtM transsexuals with no significant differences in clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters. Testosterone undecanoate was preferred at the end of 1 year due to its long dosing intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Hormones, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Sleep Problems in Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nur K Abdul Jafar, Meng Fan, Lisa J Moran, Darren R Mansfield, Christie J Bennett","doi":"10.1111/cen.15219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleep problems like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep problems, synthesise and appraise studies analysing the associations between serum sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sleep problems in females with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed till 3 August 2024. Studies that examined serum sex hormones, SHBG or hyperandrogenism with sleep disorders and/or sleep disturbances in PCOS were eligible. Random effects meta-analyses of sex hormones and SHBG among females with PCOS with compared to without OSA were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 4487 screened studies, 24 were included, with nine suitable for meta-analyses. Among females with PCOS, 46.0% had OSA and 56.0% had other sleep disturbances. SHBG levels were significantly lower in women with PCOS and OSA compared to those without OSA (standardised mean difference = -0.62; 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.42; I² = 0%; 179 participants; p < 0.00001), but no differences were seen in total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and oestradiol. No significant associations between serum sex hormones, SHBG or hyperandrogenism with sleep disturbances in PCOS were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SHBG, rather than hyperandrogenism, may play a more important mechanistic role for OSA in PCOS, while other sleep disturbances exhibit a less severe SHBG profile. These findings enhance comprehension of underlying pathophysiology of sleep problems in PCOS. Further validation across PCOS populations is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Mortality in an Older, Community-Dwelling Population-Results of the PolSenior Study.","authors":"Piotr Kocełak, Aleksander J Owczarek, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, Marek Bolanowski, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Jerzy Chudek","doi":"10.1111/cen.15220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is limited data concerning the effect of untreated subclinical thyroid disorders on mortality in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze 5-year overall mortality among participants in the PolSenior study with treated and untreated subclinical thyroid dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>The study group consisted of 407 participants with thyroid disorders (305 with hypothyroidism and 102 with hyperthyroidism) and 2776 euthyroid individuals aged 65 years and older. Overall mortality risk factors were assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression. Additionally, overall survival analyses were performed with Kaplan‒Meier estimates stratified by sex and hypo-/hyperthyroidism status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In women, there was no difference in survival between the euthyroid and hypothyroid groups. Survival was significantly worse in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism than in euthyroid and treated hyperthyroidism patients. In men, there were no differences in survival between the hyperthyroidism group and the subclinical hypothyroidism or euthyroid group. Notably, survival was better in the treated hypothyroidism group than in the euthyroid group. According to the multivariate models, subclinical hyperthyroidism appeared to be linked to a 30% reduction in survival among women (hazard ratio [HR] for mortality = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.98-2.07, p = 0.06) but not among men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed that women with subclinical hyperthyroidism had a higher mortality rate. At the same time, men with treated hypothyroidism had improved survival compared to those in the euthyroid group among participants aged 65 years and older during a 5-year follow-up period. Subclinical hypothyroidism did not influence the survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Radiotherapy-Induced Hypopituitarism in Adults With Primary Non-Pituitary Brain Tumours.","authors":"Darran Mc Donald, Maria Tomkins, Liam O'Connell, David Fitzpatrick, Clare Faul, Michael W O'Reilly, Kathleen Bennett, Mark Sherlock","doi":"10.1111/cen.15216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>It is well recognised there is a high prevalence of pituitary dysfunction in childhood brain tumours survivors who are treated with radiotherapy. In contrast, the potential for survivors of brain tumours arising in adulthood to develop radiotherapy-induced hypopituitarism may be underestimated. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the pooled prevalence of radiotherapy-induced hypopituitarism in survivors of primary non-pituitary brain tumours arising in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic literature search of five databases was performed. Two reviewers independently screened potential articles and then extracted data from accepted studies. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the pooled prevalence of radiotherapy-induced hypopituitarism for each hormone axis. Forest plots were created to graphically represent these estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Between study heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies comprising a total of 580 participants were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of hypopituitarism was 48% (95% CI 36.7-59.4; I² = 81%) with significant heterogeneity between study results. The pooled prevalence of growth hormone (GH) deficiency was 35.2% (95% CI 24.2-47.0; I² = 81.4%), gonadotropin deficiency 20.9% (95% CI 14.4-28.1, I² = 63.1%), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency 16.0% (95% CI 11.4-21.1; I² = 42.6%) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency 18.2% (95% CI 12.3-24.8; I² = 63.5%). Heterogeneity among study results was further evaluated through a meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiotherapy-induced hypopituitarism is common, affecting almost half of survivors with a primary non-pituitary brain tumour arising in adulthood. Protocolised endocrine surveillance is essential in this cohort to identify and treat pituitary hormone deficits in a timely manner. These patients report decreased quality of life which may be due, in part, to undiagnosed pituitary dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Gonadotropin Treatment of Cryptorchidism in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-Age Is No Limit?\"","authors":"Yoon Hi Cho, Aniruddh Deshpande, Catherine Langusch, Geoffrey Ambler","doi":"10.1111/cen.15222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Management in Menopause: A Systematic Review of Women With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.","authors":"Ladan Yeganeh, Nathalie Vermeulen, Carolyn Ee, Helena Teede, Amanda J Vincent","doi":"10.1111/cen.15218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), the loss of ovarian function before age 40, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, low bone mineral density, dementia and psychological distress. Lifestyle interventions reduce chronic disease risk in other populations and, with hormone therapy, may improve health outcomes in POI. This review aims to identify the role of lifestyle, including diet and physical activity, in managing symptoms, improving quality of life (QoL) and preventing chronic disease in women with POI. The findings of this review informed the 2024 update of the ESHRE Evidence-Based POI Guideline.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Medline databases from January 2014 to February 2024. The review included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials that examined the impact of lifestyle interventions on women with POI. Outcomes included menopause symptoms, QoL, cardiovascular health and bone health. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature search yielded 890 citations, with one study meeting the inclusion criteria. Two additional studies from other guideline chapter searches were included, totalling three articles. Two studies involved cancer survivors and one included those with Turner syndrome. Limited evidence suggests lifestyle interventions, particularly physical activity, improve cardiovascular health and bone mineral density in women with POI. The effect of dietary supplementation was mixed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While a healthy lifestyle is proven to prevent chronic diseases and improve QoL in postmenopausal women, there is limited evidence specific to women with POI. Targeted studies are needed to determine the most effective interventions for addressing their heightened risks and unmet needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Estradiol Concentrations With Estradiol 0.06% Gel in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults.","authors":"Raquel A Maggacis, Ada S Cheung, Brendan J Nolan","doi":"10.1111/cen.15217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Transgender and gender-diverse individuals undergoing estradiol therapy for gender affirmation are typically treated with oral or transdermal estradiol, with transdermal estradiol recommended for those aged > 45 years. There are limited data evaluating estradiol gel in gender-affirming hormone therapy regimens. We aimed to assess the serum estradiol concentrations achieved with estradiol 0.06% gel in transgender and gender-diverse adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional audit of transgender and gender-diverse adults at endocrine clinics in Melbourne, Australia.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Eighty-one adults treated with estradiol 0.06% gel.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Outcomes were estradiol 0.06% gel dose, serum estradiol concentration and proportion of individuals achieving target serum estradiol concentrations in consensus guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median serum estradiol concentration was 396 pmol/L (233-681) on 1.5 mg (1.5-2.25) estradiol 0.06% gel daily. Forty-six percent of individuals achieved serum estradiol concentrations within target range (250-600 pmol/L) of Australian consensus guidelines; 27% were below range and 27% were above range. There was a weak positive correlation between estradiol gel dose and serum estradiol concentration (r = 0.23, p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Estradiol 0.06% gel achieves target serum estradiol concentrations in a significant proportion of transgender and gender-diverse adults. This represents an alternative estradiol formulation for individuals desiring estradiol therapy for gender affirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate Day-To-Day Variation in First-Morning Urine Total Luteinizing Hormone Levels Supports the Use of a Single Determination to Identify Imminent Puberty.","authors":"And Demir, Matti Hero, Anders Juul, Katharina M Main","doi":"10.1111/cen.15208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.15208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to study the daily variation in first-morning urinary total luteinizing hormone (U-LH) determination and validate it as a noninvasive method for analyzing age- and pubertal stage-related changes in LH immunoreactivity (LH-ir) levels to predict imminent onset of central puberty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined three consecutive first-morning total U-LH along with spot serum LH and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations in 354 children (160 boys aged 2.8-17.8 yr and 194 girls aged 2.6-18.0 yr) with known pubertal stages. The samples were analyzed using an immunofluorometric assay (Delfia, PerkinElmer, Finland). The net day-to-day variation (net CV%) in U-LH-ir levels was calculated by subtracting the inter-assay CV% of the assay reported by the manufacturer from the gross inter-assay CV% calculated from three consecutive samples. U-LH-ir levels were classified as prepubertal (< 0.60 IU/L), highly likely pubertal (0.60-0.99 IU/L), and pubertal (≥ 1.00 IU/L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, the gross and net inter-assay CV% values for different U-LH concentrations measured on three consecutive mornings were 37.6% and 32.7%, respectively. Despite this level of day-to-day variation, only 3.6% of the test results for boys and 4.9% for girls were inconsistent in classifying total U-LH-ir levels as prepubertal, peripubertal, or pubertal. Our results showed that the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal hormone axis, which signals the onset of puberty, occurs at a similar age in both boys and girls, confirming our earlier findings that the timing of this process is independent of sex. Further, our findings confirmed that the onset of pubertal gonadotropin secretion in boys occurs already at a testicular volume of 1 to 2 mL, well before clear clinical signs of puberty.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single first-morning total U-LH measurement appears to be a valid clinical test for classifying children or adolescents into prepubertal, peripubertal, and pubertal groups. This study validates the recently reported finding that the timing of central puberty onset is sex-independent. The duration between the initial activation of gonadotropin secretion and the first clinical signs of puberty was longer in boys than in girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}