{"title":"Cardiovascular Health in Women-Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Jaya Chandrasekhar, Jessica Yao, Simone Gong, Madhuka Wijayarathne, Monique Watts, Swati Mukherjee","doi":"10.1111/cen.70027","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. However, CVD continues to be perceived as a predominantly male issue. CVD in women therefore remains understudied, underrecognized and undertreated. Starting in adolescence and extending into older age, lifestyle factors, psychosocial stressors, hormonal changes and pregnancy, significantly influence the cardiovascular health of women. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CVD in women, focusing on sex-specific risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment across the lifespan. The article seeks to raise awareness and provide insights into sex-specific prevention, diagnosis and management strategies. We highlight gaps in knowledge to underscore the importance of sex-based research that is crucial to improving outcomes for women with CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Endocrinology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.70027","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. However, CVD continues to be perceived as a predominantly male issue. CVD in women therefore remains understudied, underrecognized and undertreated. Starting in adolescence and extending into older age, lifestyle factors, psychosocial stressors, hormonal changes and pregnancy, significantly influence the cardiovascular health of women. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CVD in women, focusing on sex-specific risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment across the lifespan. The article seeks to raise awareness and provide insights into sex-specific prevention, diagnosis and management strategies. We highlight gaps in knowledge to underscore the importance of sex-based research that is crucial to improving outcomes for women with CVD.
期刊介绍：
Clinical Endocrinology publishes papers and reviews which focus on the clinical aspects of endocrinology, including the clinical application of molecular endocrinology. It does not publish papers relating directly to diabetes care and clinical management. It features reviews, original papers, commentaries, correspondence and Clinical Questions. Clinical Endocrinology is essential reading not only for those engaged in endocrinological research but also for those involved primarily in clinical practice.
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