Climate of The Past最新文献

{"title":"Patterns of centennial to millennial Holocene climate variation in the North American mid-latitudes","authors":"Bryan N. Shuman","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1703-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1703-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Noise in Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions can hamper the detection of centennial to millennial climate variations and diagnoses of the dynamics involved. This paper uses multiple ensembles of reconstructions to separate signal and noise and determine what, if any, centennial to millennial variations influenced North America during the past 7000 years. To do so, ensembles of temperature and moisture reconstructions were compared across four different spatial scales: multi-continent, regional, sub-regional, and local. At each scale, two independent multi-record ensembles were compared to detect any centennial to millennial departures from the long Holocene trends, which correlate more than expected from random patterns. In all cases, the potential centennial to millennial variations had small magnitudes. However, at least two patterns of centennial to millennial variability appear evident. First, large-scale variations included a prominent Mid-Holocene anomaly from 5600–5000 yr BP that increased mean effective moisture and produced temperature anomalies of different signs in different regions. The changes shifted the north–south temperature gradient in mid-latitude North America with a pattern similar to that of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Second, correlated multi-century (∼ 350 years) variations produce a distinct spectral signature in temperature and hydroclimate records along the western Atlantic margin. Both patterns differ from random variations, but they express distinct spatiotemporal characteristics consistent with separate controlling dynamics.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More is not always better: downscaling climate model outputs from 30 to 5-minute resolution has minimal impact on coherence with Late Quaternary proxies","authors":"Lucy Timbrell, James Blinkhorn, Margherita Colucci, Michela Leonardi, Manuel Chevalier, Matt Grove, Eleanor Scerri, Andrea Manica","doi":"10.5194/cp-2024-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-53","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> <span>Both proxies and models provide key resources to explore how palaeoenvironmental changes may have impacted diverse biotic communities and cultural processes. Whilst proxies provide the gold standard in reconstructing the local environment, they only provide point estimates for a limited number of locations; on the other hand, models have the potential to afford more extensive and standardised geographic coverage. A key decision when using model outputs is the appropriate geographic resolution to adopt; models are coarse scale, in the order of several arc degrees, and so their outputs are usually downscaled to a higher resolution. Most publicly available model time-series have been downscaled to 30 or 60 arc-minutes, but it is unclear whether such resolution is sufficient, or whether this may homogenise environments and mask the spatial variability that is often the primary subject of analysis. Here, we explore the impact of further downscaling model outputs from 30 to 5 arc-minutes using the delta method, which uses the difference between past and present model data sets to increase spatial resolution of simulations, in order to determine to what extent further downscaling captures climatic trends at the site-level, through direct comparison with proxy reconstructions. We use the output from the HadCM3 Global Circulation model for annual temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, and annual precipitation, which we evaluated against a large empirical dataset of pollen-based reconstructions from across the Northern Hemisphere. Our results demonstrate that, overall, models tend to provide broadly similar accounts of past climate to that obtained from proxy reconstructions, with coherence tending to decline with age. However, our results imply that downscaling to a very fine scale has minimal to no effect on the coherence of model data with pollen records. Optimal spatial resolution is therefore likely to be highly dependent on specific research contexts and questions, with careful consideration required regarding the trade-off between highlighting local-scale variation and increasing potential error. </span><span></span>","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in conceptual modelling of the variable nature of Dansgaard-Oeschger events","authors":"Jonathan Ortved Melcher, Sune Halkjær, Peter Ditlevsen, Peter L. Langen, Guido Vettoretti, Sune Olander Rasmussen","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2156","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> This study introduces a novel dynamical systems model designed to capture the highly non-periodic nature of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events. Such events are difficult to model adequately due to their variable durations — some lasting around a century, while others span multiple millennia — and the occurrence of short precursor events that precede the longer DO events despite similar boundary climate conditions. Utilizing a simplified two-equation framework derived from the Stommel model, our approach integrates an internal control parameter which acts as a feedback parameter on the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation. Through both analytical and numerical methods, we establish a suitable parameter domain within which the newly adjusted models can accurately replicate the paleoclimatic records of DO events as described by summary statistics derived from ice-core data. The analysis also shows that without the novel control parameter, the model does not have a suitable parameter domain in which it can reproduce the wide range of event characteristics seen in the ice-core record. The study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms driving these highly significant climate phenomena and the necessary timescale in which they are forced, by allowing the new model's parameters to vary through time. This allows our model to achieve unprecedented precision in capturing a realistic sequence of DO events with timing characteristics matching those of the observational record. This refined model not only enhances our understanding of the DO cycles but also demonstrates the potential of simple dynamical systems to simulate complex climate interactions.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between the East Asian summer monsoon and westerlies as shown by tree-ring records","authors":"Shengchun Xiao, Xiaomei Peng, Quanyan Tian, Aijun Ding, Jiali Xie, Jingrong Su","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1687-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1687-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Atmospheric circulation changes, their driving mechanisms, and interactions are important topics in global change research. Local changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the midlatitude westerlies will inevitably affect the climate and ecology of the arid zone of northwestern China. Hence, it is important to study these regional changes. While previous studies in this area are all single-point climate reconstruction studies, there is a lack of research on the interaction areas and driving mechanisms of the two major circulations. Dendroclimatology can provide high-resolution, long-term, and reliable multi-point proxies for the study of interannual and interdecadal climate change. We chose to observe these changes in the Alxa Plateau using dendrochronological methods. We assembled ring-width records of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) in the mountain regions surrounding the Alxa Plateau: the Helan Mountains, Changling Mountain, and Dongda Mountain. The results show that radial growth was indeed affected by changes in the monsoon and westerlies. The heterogeneity of precipitation and climatic wet–dry changes in different regions is primarily influenced by the interactions between atmospheric circulation systems, each with its own dominant controlling factors. In the case of the Helan Mountains, both of these major atmospheric circulation systems play a significant role in shaping climate changes. Changling Mountain in the southern part of the Alxa Plateau is mainly influenced by the EASM. Dongda Mountain is mainly influenced by the westerlies. Understanding these local conditions will help us predict climate changes in northwestern China.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbitally forced environmental changes during the accumulation of a Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) black shale in northern Iberia","authors":"Naroa Martinez-Braceras, Aitor Payros, Jaume Dinarès-Turell, Idoia Rosales, Javier Arostegi, Roi Silva-Casal","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1659-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1659-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lower Pliensbachian hemipelagic successions from the northern Iberian palaeomargin are characterized by the occurrence of organic-rich calcareous rhythmites of decimetre-thick limestone and marl beds as well as thicker black shale intervals. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of the cyclic lithologies and processes involved along with the nature of the carbon cycle is of primary interest. This cyclostratigraphic study, carried out in one of the black shale intervals exposed in Santiurde de Reinosa (Basque–Cantabrian Basin), reveals that the calcareous rhythmites responded to periodic environmental variations in the Milankovitch-cycle band and were likely driven by eccentricity-modulated precession. The main environmental processes that determined the formation of the rhythmite were deduced on the basis of the integrated sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of an eccentricity bundle. The formation of precession couplets was controlled by variations in carbonate production and dilution by terrigenous supplies, along with periodic changes in bottom-water oxygenation. Precessional configurations with marked annual seasonality increased terrigenous input (by rivers or wind) to marine areas and boosted organic productivity in surface water. The great accumulation of organic matter on the seabed eventually decreased bottom-water oxygenation, which might also be influenced by reduced ocean ventilation. Thus, deposition of organic-rich marls and shales occurred when annual seasonality was maximal. On the contrary, a reduction in terrestrial inputs at precessional configurations with minimal seasonality diminished shallow organic productivity, which, added to an intensification of vertical mixing, contributed to increasing the oxidation of organic matter. These conditions also favoured greater production and basinward export of carbonate mud in shallow marine areas, causing the formation of limy hemipelagic beds. Short eccentricity cycles modulated the amplitude of precession-driven variations in terrigenous input and oxygenation of bottom seawater. Thus, the amplitude of the contrast between successive precessional beds increased when the Earth's orbit was elliptical and diminished when it was circular. The data also suggest that short eccentricity cycles affected short-term sea level changes, probably through orbitally modulated aquifer eustasy.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of coastal California hydroclimate to the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum","authors":"Xiaodong Zhang, Brett J. Tipple, Jiang Zhu, William D. Rush, Christian A. Shields, Joseph B. Novak, James C. Zachos","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1615-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1615-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The effects of anthropogenic warming on the hydroclimate of California are becoming more pronounced with the increased frequency of multi-year droughts and flooding. As a past analog for the future, the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is a unique natural experiment for assessing global and regional hydroclimate sensitivity to greenhouse gas warming. Globally, extensive evidence (i.e., observations and climate models with high pCO2) demonstrates hydrological intensification with significant variability from region to region (i.e., drier or wetter, greater frequency, and/or intensity of extreme events). Central California (paleolatitude ∼ 42° N), roughly at the boundary between dry subtropical highs and mid-latitude low-pressure systems, would have been particularly susceptible to shifts in atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns/intensity. Here, we present new observations and climate model output on regional/local hydroclimate responses in central California during the PETM. Our findings, based on multi-proxy evidence within the context of model outputs, suggest a transition to an overall drier climate punctuated by increased precipitation during summer months along central coastal California during the PETM.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic and tectonic controls on shallow marine and freshwater diatomite deposition through the Palaeogene","authors":"Cécile Figus, Or M. Bialik, Andrey Yu. Gladenkov, Tatyana V. Oreshkina, Johan Renaudie, Pavel Smirnov, Jakub Witkowski","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2229","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Diatoms play a major role in the carbon and silicon cycles, and thus diatom-bearing sediments represent an archive of past climatic and environmental settings. In shallow marine and freshwater environments, the accumulation of diatom frustules forms a sedimentary rock called diatomite. However, most global scale studies of diatom-bearing sediments focus on deep-sea sites, whereas shallow marine and freshwater diatomites are studied mainly at a regional level. To address this problem, we present a global scale compilation of diatomite occurrences spanning the Palaeogene (~66 to ~23 Ma). This period was characterized by initial extreme warmth followed by a prolonged cooling, disrupted by short-term climatic events called hyperthermals, and by a number of palaeoceanographic and palaeogeographic changes. The aim of this compilation is to determine the response of diatom production to Palaeogene environmental fluctuations, by examining the influence of climate, tectonic activity and ocean circulation on diatomite deposition. Although climatic factors appear to have had an indirect impact, our study suggests that palaeogeographic and palaeoceanographic changes were key drivers of diatomite deposition during the Palaeogene, particularly from the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (~53 to ~49 Ma) onwards. In fact, our compilation suggests the absence of diatomite deposition in epicontinental seas between ~46 and ~43 Ma, while diatomites do not begin to accumulate in open ocean environments until ~43.5 Ma. Moreover, we observe that regional climate and volcano–tectonic activity have had an impact on the deposition of freshwater diatomites.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate variability, heat distribution, and polar amplification in the warm unipolar “icehouse” of the Oligocene","authors":"Dominique K. L. L. Jenny, Tammo Reichgelt, Charlotte L. O'Brien, Xiaoqing Liu, Peter K. Bijl, Matthew Huber, Appy Sluijs","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1627-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1627-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Ma) had warm climates with flattened meridional temperature gradients, while Antarctica retained a significant cryosphere. These may pose imperfect analogues to distant future climate states with unipolar icehouse conditions. Although local and regional climate and environmental reconstructions of Oligocene conditions are available, the community lacks synthesis of regional reconstructions. To provide a comprehensive overview of marine and terrestrial climate and environmental conditions in the Oligocene, and a reconstruction of trends through time, we review marine and terrestrial proxy records and compare these to numerical climate model simulations of the Oligocene. Results, based on the present relatively sparse data, suggest temperatures around the Equator that are similar to modern temperatures. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) show patterns similar to land temperatures, with warm conditions at mid- and high latitudes (∼60–90°), especially in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Vegetation-based precipitation reconstructions of the Oligocene suggest regionally drier conditions compared to modern times around the Equator. When compared to proxy data, climate model simulations overestimate Oligocene precipitation in most areas, particularly the tropics. Temperatures around the mid- to high latitudes are generally underestimated in models compared to proxy data and tend to overestimate the warming in the tropics. In line with previous proxy-to-model comparisons, we find that models underestimate polar amplification and overestimate the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient suggested from the available proxy data. This further stresses the urgency of solving this widely recorded problem for past warm climates, such as the Oligocene.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic interaction between lakes, climate, and vegetation across northern Africa during the mid-Holocene","authors":"Nora Farina Specht, Martin Claussen, Thomas Kleinen","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1595-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1595-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. During the early Holocene to mid-Holocene, about 11 500 to 5500 years ago, lakes expanded across the Sahel and Sahara in response to enhanced summer monsoon precipitation. To investigate the effect of these lakes on the West African summer monsoon, previous simulation studies prescribed mid-Holocene lakes from reconstructions. By prescribing mid-Holocene lakes, however, the terrestrial water balance is inconsistent with the size of the lakes. In order to close the terrestrial water cycle, we construct a dynamic endorheic lake (DEL) model and implement it into the atmosphere–land model ICON-JSBACH4. For the first time, this allows us to investigate the dynamic interaction between climate, lakes, and vegetation across northern Africa. Additionally, we investigate the effect of lake depth changes on mid-Holocene precipitation, a neglected aspect in previous simulation studies. A pre-industrial control simulation shows that the DEL model realistically simulates the lake extent across northern Africa. Only in the Ahnet and Chotts basins is the lake area slightly overestimated, which is likely related to the coarse resolution of the simulations. The mid-Holocene simulations reveal that both the lake expansion and the vegetation expansion cause a precipitation increase over northern Africa. The sum of these individual contributions to the precipitation is, however, larger than the combined effect that is generated when lake and vegetation dynamics interact. Thus, the lake–vegetation interaction causes a relative drying response across the entire Sahel. The main reason for this drying response is that the simulated vegetation expansion cools the land surface more strongly than the lake expansion, which is dominated by the expansion of Lake Chad. Accordingly, the surface temperature increases over the region of Lake Chad and causes local changes in the meridional surface-temperature gradient. These changes in the meridional surface-temperature gradient are associated with reduced inland moisture transport from the tropical Atlantic into the Sahel, which causes a drying response in the Sahel. An idealized mid-Holocene experiment shows that a similar drying response is induced when the depth of Lake Chad is decreased by about 1–5 m, without changing the horizontal lake area. By reducing the depth of Lake Chad, the heat storage capacity of the lake decreases, and the lake warms faster during the summer months. Thus, in the ICON-JSBACH4 model, the lake depth significantly influences the simulated surface temperature and the simulated meridional surface-temperature gradient between the simulated lakes and vegetation, thereby affecting mid-Holocene precipitation over northern Africa.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variability in dust and temperature in climate scaling regimes over the Last Glacial Cycle","authors":"Nicolás Acuña Reyes, Elwin van't Wout, Shaun Lovejoy, Fabrice Lambert","doi":"10.5194/cp-20-1579-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1579-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Temperature and mineral dust records serve as valuable palaeoclimatic indicators for studying atmospheric variability across different temporal scales. In this study, we employed Haar fluctuations to analyse global spatiotemporal atmospheric variability over the Last Glacial Cycle, capturing both high- and low-frequency information within the records, regardless of uniform or non-uniform sampling. Furthermore, we utilised Haar fluctuations to compute fluctuation correlations, thereby enhancing our understanding of palaeoclimate dynamics. Our findings reveal a latitudinal dependency in the transition from macroweather to climate regimes (τc), with polar regions experiencing shorter transitions compared to the tropics and mid-latitudes. These transitions occur at approximately 1/100th of glacial cycle length scales, suggesting a dominant forcing mechanism beyond Milankovitch cycles. Additionally, our analysis shows that polar regions have larger fluctuation amplitudes than lower latitudes as a consequence of the polar amplification effect. Furthermore, fluctuation correlations demonstrate faster synchronisation between the poles themselves compared to lower-latitude sites, achieving high correlation values within 10 kyr. Therefore, our findings suggest a consistent climate signal propagating from the poles to the Equator, representing the first empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the poles play a pivotal role as climate change drivers, influencing the variability in climatic transitions worldwide.","PeriodicalId":10332,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}