Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Translational Overview.","authors":"Yun Jin Kang, Chan-Soon Park","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00071","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in apnea and hypopnea. While anatomical factors, such as increased upper airway collapsibility, significantly contribute to OSA, emerging evidence highlights the importance of non-anatomical mechanisms, including impaired pharyngeal muscle responsiveness, low arousal threshold, and elevated ventilatory loop gain. The interplay of these factors leads to respiratory instability, fragmented sleep, and systemic complications. Additional pathophysiological influences such as obesity, aging, sex differences, and central nervous system dysfunction exacerbate cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Advancements in diagnostic methods, including cephalometry and polysomnography, along with therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement devices, and hypoglossal nerve stimulation, underscore the necessity for personalized treatment approaches. Although surgical interventions targeting multi-level airway obstructions show potential for successful treatment, they remain limited by variability in long-term efficacy. A thorough understanding of the multifactorial mechanisms underlying OSA is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and tailoring patient-specific management strategies. This review summarizes recent findings, clarifying the complex pathophysiology of OSA and highlighting a multidimensional approach to optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"296-305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Reply: Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: A Large Multicenter Study.","authors":"Yun Jin Kang, Chan-Soon Park, Hyun-Woo Shin","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00116","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"371-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Morphological Changes in the Olfactory Epithelium of Mouse Models With Upper Respiratory Inflammation and Olfactory Dysfunction.","authors":"Shin Hyuk Yoo, Jun-Sang Bae, Reiza Ventura, Eun Hee Kim, A Young Kim, Ji Hye Kim, Ji-Hun Mo","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00003","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated behavioral test results and histological findings in murine models of allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and drug-induced anosmia, comparing outcomes among groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study established a total of six animal model groups (n=5 per group): control; ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR; OVA/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C])-induced neutrophil-dominant rhinitis; OVA/Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-induced CRS; and two anosmia models induced by chronic intranasal administration of ZnSO4 and intraperitoneal injection of 3-methylindole (3-MI). Olfactory function was evaluated using an open-field food-finding test and a T-maze test one week after model induction. Behavioral test results were analyzed with video analysis software (EthoVision XT). Immunofluorescent staining was conducted to assess histological changes in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and olfactory basal cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the T-maze test, the OVA and OVA/poly(I:C)-induced rhinitis groups showed increased food-finding time compared with the control and CRS groups. The two anosmia mouse models demonstrated statistically significant differences from all other groups. Food-finding time showed significant positive correlations with two novel variables evaluated in this study: total distance moved and average velocity, in both the open-field and T-maze tests. Histologically, the CRS and two anosmia models exhibited a significant decrease in mature and immature OSNs. Additionally, the two rhinitis groups and the CRS group displayed significant changes in the number of immature OSNs. Changes in the basal cell marker cytokeratin-5 were observed specifically in the 3-MI model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated significant differences in olfactory function and histological changes among various mouse models of upper airway inflammation and drug-induced anosmia, as assessed by histological analysis and behavioral tests. These findings can serve as a reference for future studies on olfaction using mouse models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"349-360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications and Future Perspectives of Large Language Models in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: A Comprehensive Survey.","authors":"Junyong Ahn, Bong Gyun Kang, Munyoung Chang, Sungroh Yoon","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00121","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the release of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have rapidly expanded into professional domains, including medicine. These models, trained on extensive text corpora, including the medical literature, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tasks such as clinical decision support, research assistance, and education. This review focuses on LLM applications in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (Ear, Nose, and Throat [ENT]). We analyzed 25 studies published between January 2022 and March 2025 in ENT journals ranked in the top 25% (Q1) according to the 2023 Journal Citation Reports. Furthermore, we categorized these studies by use case and systematically examined the models, datasets, and evaluation methods employed. Despite increasing adoption of LLMs in the ENT field, several challenges remain, including limited model diversity, inconsistent evaluation standards, and ongoing issues with accuracy and fairness. We also contextualized LLM research trends within the broader medical domain. Five key areas were identified for advancing clinical-grade LLMs: robust evaluation frameworks, external source-based generation, multimodal integration, agent-based reasoning, and model explainability. Our findings provide ENT clinicians and researchers with a practical foundation for understanding, evaluating, and implementing LLMs or their advanced successors (e.g., large multimodal models, agents) in clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"283-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: A Large Multicenter Study.","authors":"Hyun Jin Min","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00067","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"280-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominance of Auditory But Not Vestibular Deficits in a Mouse Model of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.","authors":"Chi-Chieh Chang, Ying-Chang Lu, Po-Nien Tsao, Yen-Hui Chan, Yi-Shan Lee, Pei-Hsuan Lin, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Wei-Chung Hsu, Chuan-Jen Hsu, Chun-Yi Lu, Chen-Chi Wu","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00305","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the auditory and vestibular consequences of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in a C57BL/6 mouse model. This model, established via intraperitoneal inoculation, was designed to mimic clinical phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cCMV infection model was developed by intraperitoneally inoculating C57BL/6 mice with murine cytomegalovirus. Auditory and vestibular functions were evaluated using auditory brainstem response tests, as well as open field, swim, and rotarod assessments. Histologic analysis of the inner ear was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study successfully established a cCMV infection model in C57BL/6 mice. Auditory deficits of varying severity and laterality were observed, mirroring the clinical spectrum seen in humans. In contrast, vestibular function was minimally affected and did not correlate with auditory deficits. Histopathologic examination revealed predominant damage to spiral ganglion neurons, while the vestibular organs remained relatively intact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our optimized mouse model effectively recapitulates the inner ear manifestations of human cCMV infection. The predominance of auditory over vestibular deficits provides valuable insights for developing targeted therapeutic interventions for cCMV-related inner ear sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"242-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioresistance Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Quoc Khanh Nguyen, Bon Seok Koo","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00029","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) is not only one of the deadliest malignant tumors but also significantly impacts patient quality of life because of its proximity to numerous critical organs. Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat HNC due to its effectiveness in targeting cancer cells while sparing adjacent organs. However, the emergence of radioresistance severely limits the efficacy of radiotherapy, frequently leading to poor prognosis and treatment failure. Consequently, an enhanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance could facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at reducing recurrence rates and improving survival outcomes. In this review, we summarize the primary mechanisms implicated in radioresistance in HNC from both cancer cell-intrinsic and tumor microenvironment perspectives. Furthermore, we discuss currently available radiation-sensitizing approaches to overcome radioresistance in HNC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"210-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarpogrelate Delivered via Osmotic Pump Improves Residual Hearing Preservation After Cochlear Implantation.","authors":"Jungho Ha, Siung Sung, Jongmoon Jang, Young Sun Kim, Seongjun So, Jeong Hyeon Yun, Yun-Hoon Choung, Jeong Hun Jang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00354","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of sarpogrelate, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor antagonist, on the preservation of residual hearing and modulation of inflammatory responses following cochlear implantation (CI) in an animal model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The damaging effects of CI were simulated in male albino guinea pigs using a dummy electrode. Animals were allocated to three groups: control (n=12, dummy electrode insertion only), SPG-1004 (n=7, low-capacity pump delivering sarpogrelate), and SPG-2004 (n=6, high-capacity pump delivering sarpogrelate). Sarpogrelate was administered via osmotic pumps at two different volumes, and its effects on hearing thresholds, histological outcomes, and expression of inflammation-related genes were assessed. Hearing was evaluated using auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds measured at baseline (preoperatively) and at 1, 7, and 30 days postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of sarpogrelate via an osmotic pump resulted in significant hearing preservation across all tested frequencies at 1 month post-surgery (P<0.05) compared with the control group, which underwent dummy electrode insertion only. Histological analysis revealed that cochlear fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were markedly reduced in the sarpogrelate-treated groups, especially in the group receiving the higher pump volume. Gene expression analysis supported these findings by showing a significant reduction in inflammation-related markers in the sarpogrelate-treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sarpogrelate exhibited a protective effect against the loss of residual hearing after CI, likely due to its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. In addition, the osmotic pump enabled controlled, sustained delivery of the drug over time. These findings indicate that administering sarpogrelate via an osmotic pump represents a promising pharmacological strategy for improving postoperative outcomes in CI patients by preserving residual hearing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"254-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With History of Chronic Periodontitis.","authors":"So Young Kim, Hyo Geun Choi, Joo-Hee Kim, Dae Myoung Yoo, Kyeongmin Han, Na-Eun Lee, Mi Jung Kwon, Ho Suk Kang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00297","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic periodontitis (CP) has been linked to an increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This study aimed to delineate the causal relationships between CP and SSNHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from participants aged 40 years or older in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 through 2019 were used. Data for 13,769 patients with SSNHL were collected and matched with those for 55,076 control participants based on demographic and socioeconomic variables. The incidence of CP before the onset of SSNHL was recorded. The odds ratios (ORs) for SSNHL based on CP history were calculated using conditional logistic regression. ORs were analyzed according to the frequency of CP, specifically ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 clinic visits for CP within 1 year and ≥1 visit within 2 years. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted for all covariables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients with SSNHL had a higher mean number of CP visits (0.71 within 1 year and 1.34 within 2 years) compared with control participants. CP was associated with increased odds of SSNHL, with an OR of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.10-1.19) for ≥1 CP visit, an OR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.03-1.15) for ≥2 visits, and an OR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02-1.17) for ≥3 visits within 1 year. Furthermore, having experienced at least 1 visit for CP within 2 years was associated with 1.15 times greater odds of SSNHL (95% CI, 1.10-1.19). Higher rates of SSNHL were also observed in the subgroups of participants with underweight, overweight, and age ≥65 years, as well as those with comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CP was linked to an elevated incidence of SSNHL. Individuals with comorbidities, advanced age, or abnormal body weight were more likely to exhibit both CP and SSNHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Korean Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (KSPO) and the 10th Asia-Pacific Pediatric Otolaryngology Society (APPOS) Conference 2025 in Seoul.","authors":"Gi Jung Im, Seok Hyun Cho","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00062","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"201-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}