Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Classification on Surgical Approaches for the Sphenoid Sinus: Establishing a Standardized Nomenclature on Endoscopic Sphenoid Sinus Surgery.","authors":"Marn Joon Park, Jakob L Fischer, Vijay R Ramakrishnan, Kevin C Welch, Dong-Young Kim, Tae-Bin Won, Jae Hoon Cho, Sue Jean Mun, Jivianne T Lee, Daniel M Beswick, Marilene B Wang, Jeffrey D Suh","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025.00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sphenoid sinus can pose significant challenges during endoscopic sinus surgery. It is crucial for surgeons to adopt surgical strategies that adequately address sphenoid pathology while minimizing surgical risks and optimizing outcomes. Unlike the well-established surgical approach nomenclature for the maxillary and frontal sinuses, a standardized nomenclature for sphenoid sinus surgery has yet to be established. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review of the various techniques to approach the sphenoid sinus and propose a common surgical classification system to better identify and categorize these surgical approaches. Each surgical technique has been classified based on the extent of surgery, anticipated operation time, level of surgical complexity, potential complications, and expected wound healing time, ensuring alignment with established standards in the literature. The proposed sphenoidotomy types are <b>Type I</b>: sphenoid ostial dilation; <b>Type IIa</b>: transnasal sphenoidotomy (sphenoidotomy without ethmoidectomy); <b>Type IIb</b>: transethmoidal sphenoidotomy (sphenoidotomy with ethmoidectomy); <b>Type III</b>: bilateral, common cavity sphenoidotomy, or \"sphenoid drill-out\", <b>Type IV</b>: transpterygoid approach, to expose the lateral sphenoid sinus recess, and <b>Type V</b>: sphenoid nasalization, completely removing the sphenoid sinus floor. By standardizing the nomenclature of various sphenoid sinus approach techniques, we aim to promote consistent terminology for teaching, surgical planning, clinical research, and interdisciplinary communication with regards to sphenoid sinus surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nrf2: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Glucocorticoid-Resistant Chronic Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Yue Wang, Yi Yang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) presents a challenge for otolaryngologists due to its complex management and high recurrence rates. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively utilized for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in managing various inflammatory conditions and also play a pivotal role in treating CRS. Certain patients exhibit insensitivity to GC therapy, leading to GC resistance (GCR). Oxidative stress is one causative factor for GCR development, while the Nrf2 signaling pathway emerges as a critical cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress-induced damage. Exploring the Nrf2 signaling pathway is promising for advancing our understanding of GC sensitivity and its application in treating CRS. This article overviews the relationship between GC sensitivity and the Nrf2 signaling pathway and potential Nrf2-related drugs. Studies have shown that Nrf2 activators, used alone or in combination with GCs, more effectively inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress damage than GC monotherapy, making them a promising new target for CRS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of dupilumab as an adjuvant treatment after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a retrospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Chin-Nung Liu, Te-Huei Yeh, Chih-Feng Lin, Yi-Tsen Lin","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has a high recurrence rate following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The role of adjunctive biologic therapy remains to be fully elucidated. This study aims to assess the efficacy of dupilumab in conjunction with ESS for patients with CRSwNP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of type 2 CRSwNP patients who underwent ESS. The study compared those who received postoperative dupilumab to those who underwent standard care. Changes in the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score (LKES) and nasal polyp score (NPS) were recorded, and linear mixed models (LMMs) were utilized for primary outcome analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 49 CRSwNP patients, with 22 patients in the dupilumab group. Postoperative LKES and NPS decreased in both groups. LMM showed significant improvement in LKESs (B = -0.61, 95% CI: -0.90 to -0.31, P < 0.001) and more pronounced improvement in NPSs (B = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.02, P = 0.025) in the dupilumab group from pre- to post-operation measurements compared to control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In comparison to ESS alone, the adjunctive use of dupilumab in the postoperative period was associated with greater reductions in both nasal polyp scores and endoscopic scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guideline for the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer from the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery.","authors":"Jeon Yeob Jang, Geun-Jeon Kim, Sang-Yeon Kim, Min-Su Kim, Dong Kun Lee, Minsu Kwon, Dongbin Ahn, Myung Jin Ban, Young Kang, Ho-Ryun Won, Jae Won Chang, Dong Won Lee, Ki Nam Park, Yeon Soo Kim, Ah Ra Jung, Jungirl Seok, Hye Ran Lee, Sung-Chan Shin, Chang Myeon Song, Gil Joon Lee, Jihye Kwak, Soo Yeon Jung, Bo Hae Kim, Dong-Hyun Lee, Nayeon Choi, Eun Kyung Jung, Yong Tae Hong, Hyun-Bum Kim, Seung Hoon Han, Su Il Kim, Ji Won Kim, Yoon-Jong Ryu, Heejin Kim, Sung Joon Park, Hanaro Park, Eun-Jae Chung, Seung-Kuk Baek, Jun-Ook Park, Kwang-Jae Cho","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025.00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The treatment of laryngeal cancer requires clinical decision-making that balances survival outcomes with the preservation of essential functions such as voice and swallowing. The study, led by the Clinical Practice Guideline Committee of the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery, aims to establish evidence-based recommendations to guide optimal treatment decisions for patients with laryngeal cancer from surgeons' perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases by a literature search expert and reviewed by a panel of 39 experts in the committee. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence and to develop and report recommendations. The strength of a recommendation indicates the guideline panel's confidence that the benefits of an intervention outweigh its risks for the target population. After drafting the guidelines, Delphi questionnaires were distributed to members of the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery and an external reviewer panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 evidence-based recommendations are provided, addressing six essential aspects of laryngeal cancer treatment: early-stage treatment, locally advanced cancer treatment, neck management, adjuvant therapy, swallowing rehabilitation, and salvage treatment for recurrent tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The guidelines provide evidence-based, validated recommendations to support clinicians in making optimal treatment decisions in laryngeal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular Aqueduct and Temporal Bone Radioanatomy in patients with and without Ménière's Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis with Implications for Endolymphatic Sac Surgery.","authors":"Jeanne Bernard, Dario Ebode, Priya Vishnumurthy, Antonino Maniaci, Maria-Pia Tuset, Mario Lentini, Ralph Haddad, Giannicola Iannella, Mary Daval, Justin Michel, Stéphane Gargula","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The vestibular aqueduct (VA) shows significant anatomical variability. These anatomical variations and their relationship with neighboring structures may present technical challenges during endolymphatic sac surgery. We aimed to characterize the anatomical features of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) and its relationship with surrounding structures in patients with severe Ménière's disease compared to controls, using high-resolution computed tomography (CT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 65 patients (126 ears) who underwent temporal bone CT. The Ménière's group consisted of 26 patients (26 affected ears) meeting AAO-HNS criteria with intractable disease, the contralateral ears group included 24 ears, and the control group included 39 patients (76 ears) with unrelated conditions. Measurements included VA thickness (A), width (B/B'), distance between the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) and posterior fossa (C), PSCC depth (D/D'), and operculum depth (E/E'). Correlations were analyzed, and k-means clustering was applied to classify anatomical variations. Reliability was assessed using intra- and inter-observer tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VA width (B) correlated positively with PSCC-meningeal distance (C) (r=0.683, p<0.001) and negatively with PSCC depth (D') (r=-0.290, p<0.01) and operculum depth (E') (r=-0.520, p<0.001). Patients with narrower VA exhibited reduced PSCC-meningeal distance and deeper operculum positions. The Ménière's group showed significantly narrower VA and shorter PSCC-dura distances compared to controls (p<0.001). Cluster analysis identified three anatomical patterns, with 61.5% of intractable Ménière ears versus 14.5% of controls and 41.6% of the contralateral ears, in the cluster exhibiting smaller VA dimensions, shorter PSCC-dura distances, and deeper operculum positions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Narrow VA correlates with reduced PSCC-meningeal distance and deeper operculum position, presenting potential challenges for endolymphatic sac surgery. These anatomical variations are more prevalent in patients with severe Ménière's disease, highlighting the need for tailored surgical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relation of sudden sensory neural hearing loss with the previous incidence of chronic periodontitis.","authors":"So Young Kim, Hyo Geun Choi, Joo-Hee Kim, Dae Myoung Yoo, Kyeongmin Han, Na-Eun Lee, Mi Jung Kwon, Ho Suk Kang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic periodontitis (CP) has been linked to an increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This study aimed to delineate the causal relationships between CP and SSNHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 40-year-old participants in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 through 2019 were used. The data of 13,769 patients with SSNHL were collected and matched with those of 55,076 control participants in terms of demographic and socioeconomic variables. The incidence of CP before the onset of SSNHL was recorded. The odds ratios (ORs) of CP for SSNHL were analyzed via conditional logistic regression. The ORs for SSNHL were analyzed according to the frequency of CP, ≥ 1, 2, and 3 times within 1 year and ≥ 1 within 2 years. In addition, sensitivity analyses were conducted for all the covariables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CP patients had a higher mean CP occurrence (0.71 within one year, 1.34 within two years) than controls. CP was associated with increased odds of SSNHL (OR = 1.14 [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.10-1.19] for CP ≥ 1 within one year, OR = 1.09 [95%CI = 1.03- 1.15] for CP ≥ 2, and OR = 1.09 [95% CI = 1.02-1.17] for CP ≥ 3). CP ≥ 1 within two years was related to a 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10-1.19) times greater odds for SSNHL. Higher SSNHL rate was also observed in subgroups of underweight, overweight, elderly, and comorbid individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CP was linked with an elevated incidence of SSNHL. Individuals with comorbidities, advanced age, or abnormal body weight were more likely to have CP with SSNHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFNA2 mediates stiffness-regulated hypopharyngeal cancer progression.","authors":"Songqun Hu, Yuanru Liu, Min Cheng, Min Xu, Huiting Liu, Ying Shan, Haosheng Ni, Tian Xia, Qicheng Zhang, Zhenxin Zhang, Bo You","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) originates from the hypopharyngeal mucosa with poor prognosis. The stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) is closely associated with tumor progression and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of matrix stiffness and identify molecular markers that are relevant to the prognosis of HPC, with the goal of improving prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical and cervical enhanced CT data were used to analyze the correlation between CT value, matrix stiffness, and prognosis, and to establish prognosis prediction model of HPC. Cell culture models with different matrix stiffness were constructed by polypropylene hydrogel. Western blotting, clone formation, EDU, and Transwell were used to investigate the effects of matrix stiffness on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differential genes in HPC cells cultured in different matrix stiffness. Gene editing technique, in vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis studies, and western blotting were conducted to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of high-stiffness matrix on HPC, and the influence of EFNA2 on proliferation, migration, and EMT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The arterial CT value was positively correlated with matrix stiffness. Matrix stiffness is associated with lymph node metastasis, therapeutic effect, and prognosis. Additionally, metastatic lymph nodes in HPC patients had higher CT values compared to those in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). High-stiffness ECM could promote the proliferation, migration and EMT of HPC cells. Mechanistically, highstiffness ECM infuenced EFNA2 expression to promote proliferation, migration, EMT, and tumor growth in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EFNA2 and high matrix stiffness jointly promoted the malignant phenotype in HPC. EFNA2 may serve as potential therapeutic target for high matrix stiffnessinduced HPC progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarpogrelate Delivered via Osmotic Pump Enhances Residual Hearing Preservation After Cochlear Implantation.","authors":"Jungho Ha, Siung Sung, Jongmoon Jang, Young Sun Kim, Seongjun So, Jeong Hyeon Yun, Yun-Hoon Choung, Jeong Hun Jang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of sarpogrelate, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2A receptor antagonist, on residual hearing preservation and inflammatory responses after cochlear implantation (CI) in an animal model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The damaging effects of CI were simulated in male albino guinea pigs by using a dummy electrode. Animals were divided into three groups: control (n=12, dummy electrode insertion only), SPG-1004 (n=7, low-capacity pump with sarpogrelate), and SPG-2004 (n=6, high-capacity pump with sarpogrelate). Sarpogrelate was administered via osmotic pumps at two different volumes and its effect on hearing thresholds, histological outcomes, and the expression of inflammation-related genes were evaluated. Hearing was evaluated using auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds at baseline (preoperatively) and at 1-, 7-, and 30-days postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sarpogrelate administration through an osmotic pump led to significant hearing preservation across all tested frequencies at 1-month post-surgery (p<0.05), as compared with the control group, which only underwent dummy electrode insertion. Histological analysis revealed that cochlear fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced in the sarpogrelate-treated groups, and more so in the group with the higher pump volume. Gene expression analysis supported these findings, showing a significant reduction in inflammationrelated markers in the sarpogrelate-treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sarpogrelate demonstrated a protective effect against loss of residual hearing after CI, likely due to its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. Moreover, the use of an osmotic pump allowed controlled and sustained delivery of the drug over time. These findings suggest that sarpogrelate administered via an osmotic pump is a promising pharmacological approach for improving postoperative outcomes in patients with CI by preserving residual hearing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIAGNOSIS OF ANOSMIA IN MIDDLE AGE INCREASES ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA RISK, BUT NOT IN THE ELDERLY.","authors":"Jin Kook Kim, Jae Hoon Cho","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many studies have reported that patients with anosmia have an increased incidence of dementia later in life. However, most of these were conducted only on older people aged 65 or older, and there was a lack of research on middle-aged subjects aged 40-65.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing Korea's National Health Insurance claims data. The study targeted participants aged 40 years and above, randomly selecting 40% of individuals who underwent the 2009 national health check-up. The cohort was divided into two groups: the anosmia group (n = 8,023), consisting of individuals diagnosed with anosmia between 2006 and 2008, and the control group (n = 2,680,534), comprising the remaining participants. Subsequently, we followed up on the participants, monitoring the occurrence of Alzheimer's and vascular dementias from 2011 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for various factors across all subjects, the incidence of Alzheimer's dementia increased in the anosmia group compared to the control group [hazard ratio (HR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.28]. When comparing the two groups based on age 65, the risk ratio for developing dementia in patients with anosmia compared to controls of the same age significantly increased in those under 65 years of age (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.54), but did not increase in those over 65 years of age (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.97-1.24). Vascular dementia was not statistically associated with anosmia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anosmia diagnosed in middle age increases the risk of Alzheimer's dementia, whereas this is not the case in old age.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical application and limitations of digitalized olfactory function test including threshold, discrimination, and identification subsets.","authors":"Hae Ryong Lee, Il-Youp Kwak, Kyung Soo Kim, Hyun Jin Min","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2024.00383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}