Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"The efficacy of intranasal insulin in the treatment of post viral persistent olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review.","authors":"Hyun Jin Min","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2026-00108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Prognostic Modeling in Laryngeal Carcinoma: Construction and Validation of Genomic-Clinicopathologic Nomograms in a Multi-Center Cohort.","authors":"Zhenwei Wang, Huiying Huang, Ji Sun, Weida Dong, Danhui Li, Chi-Yao Hsueh, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives.: </strong>This study aimed to develop nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) using a costeffective targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) panel integrating with genomic and clinicopathological features in order to provide a concrete decision-support tool improve individualized prognostic assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>A total of 124 LSCC patients from a multi-center cohort were analyzed using a targeted sequencing panel covering 113 cancer-associated genes. Single nucleotide variants/Insertiondeletions (SNVs/Indels) and Copy number variants (CNVs) were identified and correlated with survival outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to select significant prognostic markers. Nomograms incorporating genetic and clinical variables were developed, and their predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration curves.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>The LSCC Mutation (SNVs/Indels) and CNV panels were constructed based on genes with high mutational frequencies in tNGS and prognostic significance. In multivariable analysis, age, maximum tumor diameter, and the LSCC Mutation Panel were independent predictors of OS, while maximum tumor diameter and the LSCC DFS Mutation Panel were predictive of DFS. Both models demonstrated good calibration and discrimination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>This study developed genomic-clinicopathologic nomograms for predicting LSCC prognosis, providing a precise, cost-effective and clinically feasible tool for personalized survival assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Anatomy and Surgical Management in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Yun Jin Kang, Song Tar Toh, Shintaro Chiba, Clement Cheng-Hui Lin, Chan-Soon Park","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder caused by recurrent collapse of a structurally vulnerable upper airway during sleep. The nasal cavity, soft palate, lateral pharyngeal walls, tongue base, hyoid complex, and craniofacial skeleton each influence airway caliber and stability. A detailed knowledge of their anatomy is essential for surgical planning. This narrative review summarizes key anatomic features relevant to upper pharyngeal surgery, including the role of nasal obstruction and the internal nasal valve, palatal muscle and parapharyngeal fat, and the lateral palatal space as a target for reconstructive palatal and lateral wall procedures. We further outline lower pharyngeal strategies, such as genioglossus advancement, hyoid myotomy- suspension, and tongue base reduction, which address retroglossal collapse and adverse skeletal- soft tissue relationships. Maxillomandibular advancement and hypoglossal nerve stimulation are discussed as anatomy-driven multilevel and neuromodulatory options. Across these modalities, an anatomically grounded, phenotype-based approach is central to optimizing patient selection, minimizing complications, and improving long-term surgical outcomes in OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic landscapes and audiological trajectories in pediatric asymmetric hearing loss and interaural asymmetry.","authors":"Sang-Yoon Han, Myeong Sin Kang, Sung Ho Jung, Myung-Whan Suh, Moo Kyun Park, Jun Ho Lee, Sang-Yeon Lee","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2026-00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives.: </strong>To delineate the genetic landscapes and audiological trajectories of pediatric asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) and interaural asymmetry (IA) using a systematic multi-tiered genetic testing strategy extending to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and to assess the clinical implications for individualized auditory rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>The study was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (≤18 years) with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) who underwent comprehensive genetic testing at a tertiary cochlear implantation (CI) center between March 2021 and February 2025. AHL was defined as better-ear pure-tone audiometry (PTA) of 30-60 dB HL, and worse-ear PTA >70 dB HL on two consecutive baseline audiograms. IA was defined as an interaural difference of >15 dB, and subclassified as mild (15-30 dB) or severe (>30 dB). Longitudinal changes in better-ear thresholds and progression to CI were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Of 551 pediatric patients with SNHL, 486 pediatric patients met the above inclusion criteria. AHL was present in 29/486 (6.0%), and mild and severe IA were observed in 45/486 (9.3%) and 40/486 (8.2%), respectively. Genetic diagnostic yield did not differ between AHL and symmetric SNHL (55.1% vs 62.1%, p=0.462), whereas it decreased with increasing IA (0-15 dB: 64.3%; 15-30 dB: 60.0%; >30 dB: 37.5%; p=0.004), The genetic landscape of AHL/IA was heterogeneous but converged on two recurrent deafness genes (SLC26A4 and GJB2), with SLC26A4 variants the most frequent. Genetically diagnosed patients exhibited progressive deterioration in better-ear thresholds across most frequencies, whereas genetically undiagnosed patients showed minimal change. Specifically, SLC26A4-related DFNB4 patients had the highest progression to CI in the better ear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>Genetically diagnosed cases show progressive better-ear deterioration. This is particularly evident in SLC26A4-related DFNB4, which has a higher rate of progression to CI than other AHL/IA-associated genes. These findings support etiology-based prognostication and individualized rehabilitation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy-Based Fitting for Cochlear Implants: Evaluation of Hearing Performance in Newly Implanted Cochlear Implant Users - A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Antoine De Deurwaerdère, Thomas Gimenez, Vincent Péan, Pierre Valognes, Damien Bonnard","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives.: </strong>The current settings of cochlear implants (CIs) do not respect specific cochlear tonotopy, resulting in tonotopic mismatch and potentially decreased auditory performance. The development of new implant settings adapted to individual tonotopy, called anatomybased fitting (ABF), could improve the auditory information coding, particularly by making surrounding sounds more recognizable. This study aimed to evaluate whether ABF allows better environmental sound recognition in new CI users compared to the conventional setting (CS); and to investigate the effect of ABF on speech recognition in quiet and noise.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>A prospective, randomized, double-blind, two-period cross-over study in 17 new CI users was performed between March 2022 and August 2024. Adult subjects were recruited from candidates selected for cochlear implantation within a single French university hospital. Newly implanted adult recipients of a MED-EL cochlear implant with an electrode array insertion angle greater than 540° were eligible. Subjects were randomized to receive either ABF or CS for 6 weeks, then switched to the other setting for the same duration. Audiometric testing, including Environmental Sound Identification Test (Test d'Identification des Sons de l'Environnement, TISE), speech audiometry in quiet using Fournier lists, and speech audiometry in noise (Vocale Rapide dans le Bruit, VRB) was performed at 6 and 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Sixteen subjects (mean age 60 years [SD=15.1]) were analyzed. ABF showed a significant improvement in the TISE score (mean effect (ME)=1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI95%)=[0.3;2.0], standardized effect size (SES)=0.97, p=0.016). Speech recognition in quiet was statistically better with CS (ME=3.6, CI95%=[1.8;5.3], SES=1.4, p=0.001) while no statistically significant difference was found for speech recognition in noise (CI95%=[- 2.8;0.1], p=0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>In newly implanted cochlear implant users, ABF improved environmental sound recognition, suggesting improved perceived sound naturalness in the first weeks after implantation. This benefit did not extend to speech recognition in quiet and remains inconclusive in noise due to floor effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Impact of Rapid Recurrence in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and a Nomogram for Early High-Risk Identification.","authors":"Younghac Kim, Eun-Hye Kim, Man Ki Chung, Han-Sin Jeong, Young-Ik Son, Jinyong Kim, Nayeon Choi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2026-00007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background.: </strong>This study investigates the effects of various clinical data on rapid recurrence (recurrence within 3months) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and develops prediction models using various combinations of data.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>We divided 944 OTSCC patients into two groups based on timing of recurrence: the rapid recurrence group (RRG, N=89) and the non-rapid or no-recurrence group (NRRG, N=855). Treatment-related data were collected and analyzed to identify risk factors for overall survival (OS) and rapid recurrence. A logistic regression-based prediction model was developed to identify the likelihood of rapid recurrence, and validation was performed using 10-fold cross-validation, leave-group-out cross-validation, and a calibration plot.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Significantly lower OS rates were identified with increasing age, the T3-4 and N1-3 stages, a higher maximum preoperative positron emission tomography standardized uptake value (PET SUVmax), and rapid recurrence. Among the 89 RRG patients, T2-4 and N3 stages, a positive resection margin, and higher PET SUVmax were significant predictors of rapid recurrence, and postoperative chemoradiation was a preventive factor. A nomogram was developed to facilitate easy prediction of rapid recurrence in real-world clinical practice by risk-stratifying each clinical variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>Rapid recurrence strongly predicts poor oncologic outcomes in OTSCC. Our validated prediction model, incorporating imaging and pathological factors, might help identify high-risk patients and support more tailored treatment and follow-up strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infected Epithelial Cells and FBLN1+ Fibroreticular Cells Govern the Immunogenic Tumor Microenvironment in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Doeon Gu, Joonho Shim, Soo Yoon Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Da-Yong Shin, Hyun-Tae Shin, Nayeon Choi, Woong-Yang Park, Man Ki Chung, Sung Yong Choi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective.: </strong>Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) demonstrates distinct clinical behaviors depending on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. HPV-associated OPSCC typically shows a better prognosis and response to therapy compared to non-HPV-associated OPSCC; however, the underlying tumor microenvironment (TME) differences remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>To investigate cellular and molecular factors linked to improved outcomes in HPVassociated OPSCC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics on samples from 2 non-HPV-associated OPSCCs, 5 HPVassociated OPSCCs, and 3 normal tonsils, focusing on fibroreticular cells (FRCs).</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>We identified four distinct FRC subsets, with FBLN1+ FRCs significantly enriched in HPV-associated OPSCC. These FRCs expressed SLIT2, a molecule involved in immune cell recruitment. Spatial mapping revealed that FBLN1+ FRCs were closely associated with both tumor and immune cells, suggesting a role in promoting a more immunogenic TME. Moreover, HPV-associated OPSCC exhibited higher levels of proliferating epithelial cells and antigen-presentation gene expression compared to non-HPV-associated tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>Our findings highlight the role of FBLN1+ FRCs in fostering immune activation within the TME of HPV-associated OPSCC. Enhanced antigen presentation and epithelial proliferation likely facilitate tumor-immune interactions, contributing to better clinical outcomes. This study advances the understanding of TME dynamics in OPSCC and may inform future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GUIDELINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.","authors":"Soo-Kyoung Park, Yun Jin Kang, Seung Hoon Lee, Chan-Soon Park, Seok Jin Hong, Ji Ho Choi, Jae Hoon Cho","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>>background.: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder strongly influenced by obesity, the most significant modifiable risk factor. Effective weight management is therefore essential for optimal OSA care. This guideline aims to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation and management of obesity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), incorporating recent advances in lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>The Korean Society of Sleep and Breathing convened a multidisciplinary panel. A systematic literature search was performed across major databases through 2025. Evidence was appraised using GRADE, and recommendations were formulated through consensus using the Evidence-to-Decision framework.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Eight statements were developed. Key recommendations include recognizing obesity as a major risk factor, routinely assessing overweight and obesity, and implementing structured weight reduction through diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are recommended when lifestyle interventions are insufficient, and bariatric/metabolic surgery is advised for severe obesity unresponsive to nonsurgical treatment. Weight loss improves apnea-hypopnea index, symptoms, and cardiometabolic markers and may reduce positive airway pressure needs. Continued follow-up is recommended even after clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>Weight management is a core component of OSA treatment. This guideline offers practical, evidence-based strategies to support clinicians in delivering effective obesity-focused care for adults with OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing celecoxib ameliorates olfactory dysfunction following rhinosinusitis by attenuating neuroinflammation.","authors":"Yi-Ling Lai, Ming-Ying Lan, Wei-Hao Huang, Chien-Fu Yeh","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives.: </strong>Rhinosinusitis disrupts the neuroepithelium, promotes inflammatory cell infiltration, and ultimately leads to olfactory dysfunction. Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, reduces neuroinflammation through its antiinflammatory effects. We hypothesize that celecoxib can mitigate sensorineural olfactory impairment by reducing inflammation, preserving neuroepithelial structure, and exerting neuroprotective effects.</p><p><strong>Methods.: </strong>Male C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for three weeks to induce rhinosinusitis. Celecoxib treatment was also administered via subcutaneous injection. The mice then underwent histological staining in sinonasal tissue, olfactory function test, and quantitative genomic expression patterns in the olfactory bulb.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Following intranasal administration of LPS, mice exhibited impaired olfactory function, increased neutrophil infiltration, an elevated number of goblet cells in the sinonasal mucosa, and upregulated mRNA expression of inflammatory markers indicative of neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb. Celecoxib treatment resulted in improved olfactory function, reduced neutrophil infiltration, decreased goblet cells number, and attenuated neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>These findings suggest that celecoxib alleviates sensorineural olfactory dysfunction by reducing sinonasal neuroinflammation, highlighting its therapeutic potential in rhinosinusitis-associated olfactory loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146217959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-Free 3D Holotomography and AI Quantification of Macrophage Inflammation Induced by Urban Particulate Matter.","authors":"Sung Hun Kang, Hee Jung Kim, Yun Tae Kim, Sang Hyuk Lee, Sung Min Jin, Hyun Suk Jung, Seok Jin Hong","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Particulate matter (PM) is well established as an environmental hazard linked to an increased risk of disease. Although numerous studies have explored PM-induced cellular responses, a comprehensive understanding of PM toxicity requires integrating advanced imaging techniques with quantitative biochemical assays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we address this gap by combining these techniques with quantitative and functional assays to investigate the cellular effects of PM. PM collected from South Korea was used to assess toxicity in macrophages exposed to PM-containing medium. Three-dimensional (3D) holotomography revealed PM distribution and microstructural changes in cells following exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell viability and inflammation analyses across PM concentrations highlighted its harmful effects. Lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction assays helped elucidate the underlying mechanisms, whereas a comparative study of oxidative potential between PM and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) further demonstrates PM-induced hazards. Oxidative stress drove PM-induced physicochemical changes in macrophages. The oxidative potential of PM is a measurable factor that determines its oxidative stress properties. In addition, PM contains several components including transition metals and organic chemicals. Metallic components in PM particularly exhibited redox activity associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of PM-cell interactions and introduce a novel methodological paradigm for studying the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146141276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}