Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Factors Affecting Visible Contamination of Positive Airway Pressure Devices in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Il-Youp Kwak, Kyung Soo Kim, Hyun Jin Min","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of otologic disorders and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mustafa Karabulut, Sevgi Kutlu, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Ali Melliti, Cem Meço, Alfarghal Mohamad, Osman Nuri Özgirgin, Anita Bhandari, Herman Kingma, Raymond van de Berg","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically investigate the co-occurrence of otologic disorders and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Review methods: </strong>All original studies in English, from full-text clinical trials to case reports, involving participants ≥18 years old, were included. Two groups of article were identified: Group 1) studies reporting co-occurring otologic disorders in BPPV patients; Group 2) studies reporting co-occurring BPPV in patients with otologic disorders. The frequency of each condition was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate overall prevalence in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3407 studies were retrieved of which 68 articles were included in the analysis. In Group 1, 11.4% of BPPV patients (932/8157) had co-occurring otologic disorders (19 studies). The most commonly reported conditions were sudden sensorineural hearing loss (11.9%) and acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis (5.0%). Meta-analyses showed pooled prevalences of 11.8% (95% CI: 3.1%- 35.7%) for sudden sensorineural hearing loss and 6.5% (95% CI: 3.7%-11.2%) for acute unilataral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis. In Group 2, 9.7% of patients with otologic disorders (1106/11457) had co-occurring BPPV (49 studies). Menière's disease was the most frequently reported disorder that resulted in co-occurring BPPV (10.2%). Meta-analyses showed pooled prevalences of 10.4% (95% CI: 6.2%-16.8%) for acute unilateral vestibulopathy/vestibular neuritis and 9.1% (95% CI: 4%-19.1%) for Menière's disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-occurrence of otologic disorders and BPPV are prevalent. These findings demonstrate the need for mutual screening of BPPV and otologic disorders. Furthermore, these findings might help understanding the etiologies underlying BPPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review.","authors":"Yun Jin Kang, Chan-Soon Park","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to apnea and hypopnea. While anatomical factors such as upper airway collapsibility are significant contributors, emerging evidence underscores the role of non-anatomical mechanisms, including impaired pharyngeal muscle responsiveness, low arousal threshold, and high ventilatory loop gain. Interplay of these factors can cause respiratory instability, sleep fragmentation, and systemic complications. The pathophysiology of OSA is further influenced by obesity, aging, gender differences, and central nervous system dysfunction, contributing to cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Advances in diagnostic techniques such as cephalometry and polysomnography, along with therapies including continuous positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement devices, and hypoglossal nerve stimulation highlight the need for personalized treatment approaches. Although surgical interventions targeting multi-level airway obstructions also show promise, they are limited by variable long-term efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of OSA's multifactorial mechanisms is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and tailoring management strategies. This review summarizes recent findings to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of OSA and emphasizes a multidimensional approach to optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Morphological Changes in the Olfactory Epithelium of Mouse Models with Upper Respiratory Inflammation and Olfactory Dysfunction.","authors":"Shin Hyuk Yoo, Jun-Sang Bae, Reiza Ventura, Eun Hee Kim, A Young Kim, Ji Hye Kim, Ji-Hun Mo","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated behavioral tests and histological findings of allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and drug-induced anosmia murine models, comparing the results among groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study established total six animal model groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA) induced AR, OVA/poly(I:C) induced neutrophilic dominant rhinitis, OVA/staphylococcus enterotoxin B induced CRS, two anosmia models induced by 3-methylindole (3-MI) intraperitoneal injection and chronic ZnSO4 intranasal administration (n=5 in each group). Olfactory function was evaluated using an open-field food-finding test and a T-maze test one week after establishing the models. The results of the behavioral tests were analyzed using video analysis software (EthoVision XT), and the immunofluorescent staining was performed to evaluate the histologic changes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and olfactory basal cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OVA and OVA/poly(I:C) induced rhinitis groups showed increased food finding time compared with control and CRS groups in T-maze test. The two anosmia mouse models showed statistically significant differences from the other groups. There was a significant positive correlation between food-finding time and the two novel variables evaluated in this study: total distance moved and average velocity in both the open-field and T-maze tests. Histologically, there was a significant decrease in the number of mature and immature OSNs in the CRS and two anosmia models. Two rhinitis groups and CRS group showed significant changes in the number of immature OSNs. Additionally, there were changes in the basal cell marker (cytokeratin-5) in the 3-MI model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated significant differences in olfactory function and histological changes among various mouse models of upper airway inflammation and druginduced anosmia using histological analysis and behavioral test and can be used as a reference for future study on olfaction using mouse models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Hearing Aids in South Korea: A Multistate Markov Model Analysis.","authors":"Heonjeong Oh, Chul Young Yoon, Junhun Lee, Young Joon Seo, Wankyo Chung, Moo Kyun Park","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00255","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using hearing aids among individuals aged 50 and older with varying levels of hearing loss in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A state-transition Markov model was employed to assess the cost-effectiveness of hearing aid utilization from a societal perspective. We simulated a cohort of patients aged 50, tracking their progression through normal, mild, moderate, and severe stages of hearing loss until death or age 80. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life year gained was determined using both published and calculated data on the costs and effectiveness of hearing aids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The respective ICERs were $8,571 for men and $10,635 for women. These figures are significantly below the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $31,721, which corresponds to the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020. The probabilities of cost-effectiveness were 83.6% for men and 73.4% for women at this WTP threshold. The lower ICERs observed in men can likely be attributed to the earlier onset of hearing loss and the rapid progression from normal, mild, moderate, and severe stages of hearing loss to death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hearing aids represent a highly cost-effective intervention for adults aged 50 and older in Korea, regardless of the degree of hearing loss, even in mild cases. In light of the rapidly aging population, it would be prudent for government policymakers to consider the cost-effectiveness of hearing aids in their decision-making processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Septal Swell Body Reduction for Patients With Nasal Airway Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ji-Sun Kim, Gulnaz Stybayeva, Se Hwan Hwang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00341","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The septal swell body, a distinct anatomical structure in the anterior nasal septum, is a significant contributor to nasal obstruction and affects airflow dynamics and nasal resistance. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of septal swell body volume reduction (SSBVR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases through October 2024. Outcomes included changes in nasal obstruction scores, cross-sectional area, and nasal airway resistance before and after SSBVR. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated, and the effectiveness of SSBVR combined with turbinate surgery was compared to turbinate surgery alone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies involving 232 patients were analyzed. SSBVR significantly improved cross-sectional area (SMD, -1.05; 95% CI, -1.88 to -0.21) and nasal airway resistance (SMD, -0.67; 95% CI, -0.89 to -0.45). Nasal obstruction scores showed significant improvements up to 12 months (SMD, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.81 to 3.26). When SSBVR was added to turbinate surgery, nasal obstruction scores improved further (SMD, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.70) compared to turbinate surgery alone, though no significant differences were found in cross-sectional area or nasal airway resistance. Subgroup analyses demonstrated time-dependent improvements in nasal obstruction scores and varied effectiveness based on treatment modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SSBVR significantly improves nasal obstruction and airflow metrics, with additional benefits when combined with turbinate surgery. Further randomized trials are warranted to validate these findings and guide optimal treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFNA2 Mediates Stiffness-Regulated Hypopharyngeal Cancer Progression.","authors":"Songqun Hu, Yuanru Liu, Min Cheng, Min Xu, Huiting Liu, Ying Shan, Haosheng Ni, Tian Xia, Qicheng Zhang, Zhenxin Zhang, Bo You","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00315","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC), originating from the hypopharyngeal mucosa, is associated with a poor prognosis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is closely linked to tumor progression and patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of matrix stiffness and to identify molecular markers relevant to HPC prognosis, with the goal of improving clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical analysis and cervical enhanced computed tomography (CT) data were used to evaluate correlations among CT values, matrix stiffness, and prognosis, and to develop a prognostic model for HPC. Cell culture models with varying matrix stiffness were established using polypropylene hydrogel. Western blotting, colony formation, EDU incorporation, and Transwell assays were employed to assess the effects of matrix stiffness on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). High-throughput sequencing identified differentially expressed genes in HPC cells cultured on matrices of differing stiffness. Gene editing, in vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis studies, and Western blotting were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which high matrix stiffness influences HPC progression and the role of ephrin A2 (EFNA2) in proliferation, migration, and EMT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arterial phase CT values were positively correlated with matrix stiffness. Increased matrix stiffness was associated with lymph node metastasis, diminished therapeutic response, and poorer prognosis. Furthermore, metastatic lymph nodes in HPC patients exhibited higher CT values than those in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A high-stiffness ECM promoted proliferation, migration, and EMT in HPC cells. Mechanistically, a stiff ECM enhanced EFNA2 expression, thereby promoting proliferation, migration, EMT, and tumor growth in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EFNA2 and elevated matrix stiffness jointly contribute to the malignant phenotype in HPC. EFNA2 may represent a potential therapeutic target for managing HPC progression induced by high matrix stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"188-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated With the Occurrence and Recurrence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Koreans: A Nested Case-Control Study.","authors":"Jae Sang Han, Yun-Hee Lee, Ji Hyung Lim, Dong-Hee Lee, Sang Hyun Kwak, Jae-Hyun Seo","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00207","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most prevalent cause of vertigo. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence and recurrence of BPPV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A database maintained by the Korean National Health Insurance Service was used to analyze 434,552 patients diagnosed with BPPV from 2011 to 2017. The propensity score matching technique was employed to pair each participant with a control patient who did not have BPPV, ensuring equivalence in age, sex, residential status, and socioeconomic status. BPPV recurrence was defined as a new episode occurring more than 90 days after the initial treatment. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the incidence of BPPV, while Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the risk factors associated with its recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPPV was found to be 2.2 times more prevalent in women, particularly peaking between the ages of 50 and 59. The 5-year recurrence rate for BPPV stood at 39.8%, with a significant number of cases reoccurring within the first year. The incidence of BPPV was statistically significantly linked to several underlying medical conditions, including vitamin D deficiency, thyroid hormone abnormalities, head trauma, and inner ear disorders. Notable risk factors for BPPV recurrence included advanced age, female sex, rural residence, low socioeconomic status, and the presence of inner ear diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides significant insights into the risk factors linked to both the occurrence and recurrence of BPPV. Notably, there appears to be a connection with vitamin D levels, thyroid hormones, and estrogen. Additionally, conditions such as inner-ear disorders, head trauma, and otologic surgery were found to be strongly associated with both the initial onset and subsequent recurrence of BPPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular Aqueduct and Temporal Bone Radioanatomy in Patients With and Without Meniere Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis With Implications for Endolymphatic Sac Surgery.","authors":"Jeanne Bernard, Dario Ebode, Priya Vishnumurthy, Antonino Maniaci, Maria-Pia Tuset, Mario Lentini, Ralph Haddad, Giannicola Iannella, Mary Daval, Justin Michel, Stéphane Gargula","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00334","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The vestibular aqueduct (VA) exhibits significant anatomical variability. These variations and their spatial relationships with neighboring structures may pose technical challenges during endolymphatic sac surgery. We aimed to characterize the anatomical features of the VA and its relationship with surrounding structures in patients with severe Meniere disease compared to controls using high-resolution computed tomography (CT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 65 patients (126 ears) who underwent temporal bone CT. The Meniere group comprised 26 patients (26 affected ears) meeting the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria for intractable disease; the contralateral ear group included 24 ears, and the control group comprised 39 patients (76 ears) with unrelated conditions. Measurements included VA thickness (A), width (B/B´), the distance between the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) and posterior fossa (C), PSCC depth (D/D´), and operculum depth (E/E´). Correlations were analyzed, and k-means clustering was applied to classify anatomical variations. Reliability was assessed using intra- and inter-observer tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VA width (B) correlated positively with the PSCC-meningeal distance (C) (r=0.683, P<0.001) and negatively with PSCC depth (D´) (r=-0.290, P<0.01) and operculum depth (E´) (r=-0.520, P<0.001). Patients with a narrower VA exhibited a reduced PSCC-meningeal distance and a deeper operculum position. The Meniere group demonstrated significantly narrower VA and shorter PSCC-dura distances compared to controls (P<0.001). Cluster analysis identified three anatomical patterns, with 61.5% of intractable Meniere ears versus 14.5% of controls and 41.6% of contralateral ears falling into the cluster characterized by smaller VA dimensions, shorter PSCC-dura distances, and deeper operculum positions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A narrow VA correlates with a reduced PSCC-meningeal distance and a deeper operculum position, potentially complicating endolymphatic sac surgery. These anatomical variations are more prevalent in patients with severe Meniere disease, highlighting the need for tailored surgical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Classification of Surgical Approaches for the Sphenoid Sinus: Establishing a Standardized Nomenclature for Endoscopic Sphenoid Sinus Surgery.","authors":"Marn Joon Park, Jakob L Fischer, Vijay R Ramakrishnan, Kevin C Welch, Dong-Young Kim, Tae-Bin Won, Jae Hoon Cho, Sue Jean Mun, Jivianne T Lee, Daniel M Beswick, Marilene B Wang, Jeffrey D Suh","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00069","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025.00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sphenoid sinus presents significant challenges during endoscopic sinus surgery. It is essential that surgeons employ strategies that effectively address sphenoid pathology while minimizing surgical risks and optimizing outcomes. Although nomenclature for maxillary and frontal sinus surgery is well established, there is currently no standardized nomenclature for sphenoid sinus surgery. We present a comprehensive review of techniques for accessing the sphenoid sinus and propose a common surgical classification system to better define and categorize these approaches. Each technique is classified based on surgical extent, anticipated operation time, complexity, potential complications, and expected wound healing, aligning with established standards in the literature. The proposed sphenoidotomy types are as follows: type I, sphenoid ostial dilation; type IIa, transnasal sphenoidotomy (sphenoidotomy without ethmoidectomy); type IIb, transethmoidal sphenoidotomy (sphenoidotomy with ethmoidectomy); type III, bilateral, common cavity sphenoidotomy, or \"sphenoid drill-out;\" type IV, transpterygoid approach, to expose the lateral sphenoid sinus recess; and type V, sphenoid nasalization, completely removing the sphenoid sinus floor. By standardizing the nomenclature for these techniques, we aim to enhance consistency in terminology for teaching, surgical planning, clinical research, and interdisciplinary communication in sphenoid sinus surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"109-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}