Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity and microenvironment of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Wen Lu, Binhong Liao, Zhuangzhuang Li, Yini Li, Jie Li, Linfei Mao, Tianjiao Zhou, Haibo Shi, Dongzhen Yu, Chuan Xu, Zhengnong Chen","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is the most common subtype of the temporal bone malignancies. Due to its low incidence, high rates of misdiagnosis, and challenges in conducting large-scale studies and clinical trials, its mechanisms of occurrence and progression remain unclear, and both diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers are lacking. These challenges largely depend on our understanding of the tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment of TBSCC. Our study is aiming at revealing the tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment characteristics of TBSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Since single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an effective tool for studying tumor heterogeneity, we here first reported the scRNA-seq data of TBSCC in this study. We collected and sequenced a total of 113,344 cells from 9 samples (i.e., 5 cancer and 4 histologically verified adjacent normal temporal-bone tissues) of 6 TBSCC patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found the proportion of S-phase cancer cells was higher in samples with tumor invasion, and the pseudo-time trajectory of cancer cells closely corresponded with TBSCC differentiation level. We also detected higher communication intensity between some immune cell pairs in cancer tissues than in histologically verified adjacent normal temporal-bone tissues. Additionally, some cancer-related genes are identified as potential diagnostic markers of TBSCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to unveil the complex heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment characteristics of TBSCC using scRNA-seq technology, offering new avenues for diagnosing, classifying, and treating this rare carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncologic Outcomes of Prosthetic Obturator Compared with Free Flap Reconstruction after Maxillectomy for Maxillary Sinus Malignancies.","authors":"Young-Ha Lee, Sung Seok Ryu, Kyung Won Kwon, Ji Heui Kim, Yoo-Sam Chung, Myeong Sang Yu","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obturator and free flap reconstruction differ in their postoperative visibility, potentially affecting cancer surveillance. This study compared clinicopathologic and survival outcomes after maxillectomy in patients with maxillary sinus malignancies and evaluated overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in both the overall cohort and a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subgroup.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of 61 patients (41 obturator, 20 free flap) who underwent maxillectomy between 2002 and 2021 was performed. Clinicopathologic features, resection margin status (clear, close, positive), recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes were analyzed. OS and DFS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and multivariable Cox models included reconstruction method, overall stage, resection margin status, and postoperative adjuvant therapy in the entire cohort and the SCC subgroup.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the obturator group were older (63.7 vs. 54.1 years, P=0.046) and more often underwent total maxillectomy (80.5% vs. 50.0%, P=0.039). SCC was the most frequent histology (80.5% vs. 65%). OS and DFS did not differ significantly between groups: 2- and 5-year DFS were 56.1% and 44.1% (obturator) vs. 44.1% and 33.1% (free flap; P=0.931); 2- and 5-year OS were 68.0% and 50.0% vs. 77.1% and 44.1%, respectively (P=0.990). Among 46 patients with SCC (33 obturator, 13 free flap), survival outcomes were comparable. In multivariable analyses, close and positive margins and absence of postoperative adjuvant therapy were independently associated with poorer OS and DFS, whereas reconstruction method was not. Local recurrence was the most common failure pattern in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obturator and free flap reconstruction showed comparable survival after maxillectomy for maxillary sinus malignancies. Resection margin status and postoperative adjuvant therapy were the major prognostic factors, underscoring individualized reconstruction and the importance of adequate margins, appropriate adjuvant treatment, and consistent follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A marked decrease in speech intelligibility is no longer a major characteristic of vestibular schwannoma in the current era.","authors":"Masafumi Ueno, Makoto Hosoya, Hirotaka So, Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki, Marie N Shimanuki, Takanori Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Ozawa, Naoki Oishi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A markedly decreased speech intelligibility is reported to be a major feature of vestibular schwannoma (VS); however, details such as the relationship between speech intelligibility and hearing levels have not yet been adequately clarified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 473 patients with sporadic unilateral vestibular schwannoma, scatter plots of pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds and speech discrimination scores were created. Simple regression analysis was conducted, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. The results were compared with those of 173 patients with asymmetric cochlear hearing loss, including the percentage of patients with unserviceable speech intelligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with vestibular schwannoma, a strong correlation was found between the speech discrimination score and PTA threshold on the affected side, regardless of Koos grade or audiogram shape. In most patients, there was no significant difference in distribution compared with patients with asymmetric cochlear hearing loss. Although the proportion of patients with unserviceable speech discrimination was higher for vestibular schwannoma than asymmetric cochlear hearing loss across all hearing levels, the condition was limited to a small number of cases; a significant difference was only observed in cases with severe hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering its relationship with hearing level, a markedly decreased speech discrimination score is no longer a major feature of vestibular schwannoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Neonatal Deafness on Central Tonotopic Organization in Rats: An Electrophysiological Study.","authors":"Woongsang Sunwoo, Yeeun Kim","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Spatial mapping of sound frequencies along the auditory pathway is refined by sound-evoked activity during early development. However, the extent to which neonatal auditory deprivation alters this organization remains unclear. This study uniquely examined frequency-specific spatial representations in the inferior colliculus (IC) using targeted low-frequency (apical) and high-frequency (basal) cochlear stimulation, enabling the direct evaluation of low-frequency pathway integrity after neonatal deafness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats (8 normal-hearing [NH] and 8 neonatally deafened [ND] rats) were studied. Neonatal deafness was induced by daily kanamycin injections from postnatal days 4 to 17. At 8-10 weeks of age, the animals underwent unilateral cochlear implantation with bipolar electrode pairs positioned in the apical and basal cochlear regions to activate low- and high-frequency pathways. Multiunit responses were recorded from the contralateral IC using a multichannel linear electrode array. Spatial tuning curves (STCs) based on cumulative discriminability were used to assess the thresholds, spread of excitation, and tonotopic precision. Spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density was histologically assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite 48-67 % SGN loss across cochlear turns, electrically evoked auditory brainstem response and IC thresholds were comparable between groups, indicating preserved peripheral excitability. However, ND rats showed significantly broader STCs (p = 0.002) and reduced dorsoventral separation of apical and basal best sites (1.18 ± 0.24 mm vs 1.80 ± 0.30 mm, p = 0.039), reflecting degraded central tonotopic precision. These effects were most pronounced for apical (low-frequency) stimulation, consistent with the selective vulnerability of lowfrequency pathways to early auditory deprivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide direct physiological evidence that early auditory experience is critical for refining the frequency-organized connectivity in the auditory midbrain. The preferential degradation of apical (low-frequency) spatial tuning offers translational insights for optimizing stimulation strategies in early-onset deafness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative hearing aids improve the outcome of cochlear implantation.","authors":"YouYoung An, JaeSeok Oh, JaeYoung Choi, SeongHoon Bae","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2025-00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative auditory rehabilitation using hearing aids in patients with prolonged hearing deprivation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We retrospectively enrolled 204 patients who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) surgery at age >60 years using a single university hospital database. A total of 135 patients with a duration of deafness (DOD) > 10 years were divided into 3 groups according to perioperative hearing aids: unaided (n=22, 16.3%), aided (n=92, 68.1%, comprising 22 ipsilateral hearing aid and 70 bilateral hearing aids patients), and aided on the contralateral side groups (n=21, 15.5%). We analyzed the highest score on the postoperative sentence recognition test (Max_S) for each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Max_S was significantly higher in the DoD < 10 years group (72.38 ± 25.74 vs. 64.09 ± 32.29, p = 0.048). Among the patients whose DoD was ≥ 10 years, the aided group showed significantly better Max_S than the unaided group, (69.84 ± 28.72 vs. 47.86 ± 37.14, p = 0.015). After one-to-two propensity score matching, Max_S was significantly better in the aided group than in the unaided group (73.64±29.10 vs 47.86±37.14, p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated the necessity of hearing rehabilitation, including for the surgical side ear regardless of whether it was beneficial to the hearing level, during the hearing deprivation period.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of the Inferior Meatus Augmentation Procedure With Autologous Costal Cartilage for Empty Nose Syndrome.","authors":"Jang Wook Gwak, Yong Ju Jang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00107","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare postoperative complication that can develop following turbinate surgery. Here, we present our clinical experience and a comprehensive analysis of the inferior meatus augmentation procedure with autologous costal cartilage (IMAP-ACC) as a treatment for ENS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with ENS who underwent IMAP-ACC at a tertiary referral center between November 2015 and November 2023. Symptom improvement was evaluated using the Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) score before and after the procedure. In addition, perioperative complications and instances of revision surgery were systematically examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 32 patients who underwent IMAP-ACC, clinical analysis included 20 patients (16 men, 4 women) with a mean age of 39.1±11.5 years and a mean follow-up duration of 61.2±28.8 months. The mean ENS6Q score significantly improved from 17.5±5.3 preoperatively to 9.1±6.0 at the final follow-up (P<0.001). In a subgroup analysis of 16 patients with available early follow-up data, significant reductions in ENS6Q scores were observed both at early follow-up (7.8±5.7) and long-term follow-up (8.6±6.5), compared to the preoperative value (18.2±5.6). Across all 32 patients, nasal obstruction was the most common perioperative complication (34.4%), necessitating reoperation in four patients (12.5%). The majority of complications were effectively managed with a conservative approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IMAP-ACC has proven to be a valuable and durable treatment option for patients with ENS, demonstrating sustained symptom improvement over extended follow-up periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Utility of the Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yun-Ting Wang, Adarsh Kudva, Yen-Ting Lu, Liang-Tseng Kuo, Chia-Hsuan Lai, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai, Chun-Ta Liao, Ku-Hao Fang, Chung-Jan Kang, Ethan I Huang, Cheng-Ming Hsu, Geng-He Chang, Ming-Shao Tsai, Yao-Te Tsai","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00034","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The prognostic value of the pretreatment albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the predictive role of AAPR for survival outcomes in patients with HNC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to July 30, 2024. We included studies on AAPR and survival outcomes in HNC patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies comprising 1,737 HNC patients were analyzed using random-effects models. Lower AAPR values were significantly correlated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08), progression-free survival (HR, 2.00), and disease-free survival (HR, 2.18). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results, with no significant publication bias detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that pretreatment AAPR could serve as a valuable and cost-effective prognostic indicator in HNC, potentially aiding clinicians in risk stratification and treatment decision-making. However, additional validation studies are warranted to confirm its clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior Pillar Hypertrophy as a Novel Anatomical Predictor of Surgical Success in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Yeonsu Jeong, Jeong Jin Park, Min-Seok Rha, Hyung-Ju Cho","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00200","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sleep apnea surgery is effective only in appropriately selected patients, making accurate identification of candidates essential. This study aimed to introduce a novel anatomical index for identifying patients most likely to achieve favorable surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was performed on patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent multilevel surgery by a single surgeon at a tertiary medical center between 2012 and 2021. Anatomical parameters, endoscopic images, and pre- and postoperative polysomnography findings were analyzed. Some patients exhibited posterior pillar hypertrophy (PPH), characterized by thickening of the palatopharyngeal muscle beyond normal dimensions. To evaluate the exclusive effects of PPH, patients were randomly selected and subjected to propensity score matching.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression analysis identified tonsil grade, body mass index, and posterior pillar thickness as significant predictors of surgical success. Success rates differed significantly between the PPH(+) and PPH(-) groups, with 51.9% success in the PPH(+) group compared to 40.7% in the PPH(-) group. Moreover, the PPH(+) group demonstrated a significantly greater postoperative improvement in both the apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of PPH represents an important anatomical predictor of surgical success in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. This index facilitates more precise patient selection and surgical planning, potentially improving overall treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145343964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for the Management of Adult Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis From the Korean Bronchoesophagological Society.","authors":"Jung-Hae Cho, Gene Huh, Jae-Keun Cho, Jae Won Chang, Jun-Ook Park, Young Chan Lee, Jae Hyun Jeon, Jeon Yeob Jang, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Yeon Soo Kim, Inn-Chul Nam, Gil Joon Lee, Woo Sik Yu, Heejin Kim, Minhyung Lee, Ji Won Kim, Seung Hoon Woo, Il-Seok Park, Jin Pyeong Kim","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00089","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subglottic stenosis (SGS) and tracheal stenosis (TS) are rare conditions that can cause significant breathing difficulties and, if not properly managed, may lead to life-threatening complications. Despite their clinical importance, debate continues regarding the optimal management of adult SGS and TS, and no comprehensive guidelines have been established to date. The Korean Bronchoesophagological Society appointed a task force to develop clinical practice guidelines with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for managing SGS and TS in adults. The task force conducted a systematic review of the relevant literature by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using predefined search terms aligned with key clinical questions. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, which also informed the formulation and reporting of the recommendations. The strength of each recommendation reflects the guideline panel's confidence that the benefits of an intervention outweigh its risks for eligible patients. After drafting the guidelines, feedback was obtained through Delphi questionnaires completed by members of the Korean Bronchoesophagological Society. Ultimately, the committee developed 17 evidence-based recommendations across four categories: initial evaluation, medical management, surgical treatment, and postoperative management and rehabilitation. These guidelines aim to support clinicians in delivering optimal care to adult patients with SGS and TS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12973497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nrf2: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Glucocorticoid-Resistant Chronic Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Yue Wang, Yi Yang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00373","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2024.00373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) presents a challenge for otolaryngologists due to its complex management and high recurrence rates. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely employed for their potent anti-inflammatory effects across various inflammatory conditions and play a pivotal role in treating CRS. However, some patients exhibit insensitivity to GC therapy, resulting in GC resistance (GCR). Oxidative stress is a key factor contributing to GCR development, whereas the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway functions as a vital cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress-induced damage. Investigating the Nrf2 signaling pathway holds promise for advancing our understanding of GC sensitivity and refining its therapeutic application in CRS. This article reviews the relationship between GC sensitivity and the Nrf2 signaling pathway, as well as potential Nrf2-related drugs. Studies show that Nrf2 activators-when used alone or in combination with GCs-more effectively inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and mitigate oxidative stress damage than GC monotherapy, marking them as a promising target for CRS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"21-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12963957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}