{"title":"Even Unmanipulated Eyebrows Are Unreliable Landmarks for Evaluating Deviated Noses in Rhinoplasty.","authors":"Su Jin Kim, Kun Hee Lee, Hong Ryul Jin","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00166","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The eyebrow is a frequently used landmark in rhinoplasty. While caution is advisable when relying on manipulated eyebrows as a reference, there is a lack of evidence regarding the use of unmanipulated eyebrows as a landmark. This study aimed to assess the reliability of unmanipulated eyebrows as landmarks for evaluating deviated nose.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed preoperative photographs of patients who underwent rhinoplasty. We established mid-canthal and mid-eyebrow lines by bisecting the intercanthal distance and the most medial points of the eyebrows, respectively. Measurements were taken from these midlines to assess the distance to each midpoint of the nose. Independent observers rated the photographs for perceived nasal deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurable discrepancies between the mid-canthal and mid-eyebrow lines were observed in 76% of patients. All anthropometric measurements related to nasal deviation were significantly different between the two midlines (P<0.05). Observer-perceived nasal deviation correlated positively with measurements based on the mid-canthal line but not with those based on the mid-eyebrow line. Regression analysis indicated that the distance from the mid-canthal line to the nasal tip significantly predicted perceived nasal deviation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that even unmanipulated eyebrows are not reliable landmarks for assessing deviated nose. The mid-canthal line, derived from the eyes, is a more consistent and perceptually relevant reference than the mid-eyebrow line based on the eyebrows. Surgeons should base the correction of deviated nose on a midline derived from the eyes rather than the eyebrows.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Younghac Kim, Eun-Hye Kim, Man Ki Chung, Han-Sin Jeong, Young-Ik Son, Jinyong Kim, Nayeon Choi
{"title":"Clinical Impact of Rapid Recurrence in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and a Nomogram for Early Identification of High-Risk Patients.","authors":"Younghac Kim, Eun-Hye Kim, Man Ki Chung, Han-Sin Jeong, Young-Ik Son, Jinyong Kim, Nayeon Choi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00007","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effects of clinicopathological variables on rapid recurrence (defined as recurrence within 3 months) in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and developed prediction models using multiple data combinations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 944 patients with OTSCC were divided into two groups according to recurrence timing: the rapid recurrence group (RRG, n=89) and the non-rapid or no-recurrence group (n=855). Treatment-related variables were collected and analyzed to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS) and rapid recurrence. A logistic regression-based prediction model was developed to estimate the probability of rapid recurrence. Model performance was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, leave-group-out cross-validation, and calibration analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower OS rates were observed with increasing age, advanced T (T3-4) and N (N1-3) stages, higher maximum preoperative positron emission tomography standardized uptake value (PET SUVmax), and rapid recurrence. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, advanced T (T2-T4) and N3 stages, positive resection margins, and higher PET SUVmax were associated with rapid recurrence, whereas postoperative chemoradiation demonstrated a protective effect. A nomogram was constructed to facilitate individualized risk estimation by integrating these clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rapid recurrence was strongly associated with poor oncological outcomes in OTSCC. The validated prediction model, incorporating imaging and pathological variables, may help identify high-risk patients and support tailored treatment and surveillance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"293-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: The Efficacy of Intranasal Insulin in the Treatment of Post-Viral Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Hyun Jin Min","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00108","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2026-00108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"321-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity and Microenvironment of Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Wen Lu, Binhong Liao, Zhuangzhuang Li, Yini Li, Jie Li, Linfei Mao, Tianjiao Zhou, Haibo Shi, Dongzhen Yu, Chuan Xu, Zhengnong Chen","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00324","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is the most common subtype of temporal bone malignancy. However, its low incidence, high misdiagnosis rate, and the difficulty of conducting large-scale studies and clinical trials have limited researchers' understanding of its occurrence and progression, and diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers remain lacking. Addressing these gaps requires a clearer understanding of TBSCC tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment. This study aimed to characterize the tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment of TBSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an effective approach for interrogating tumor heterogeneity. Here, we report scRNA-seq data for TBSCC. We collected and sequenced 113,344 cells from nine samples (five cancer tissues and four histologically verified adjacent normal temporal bone tissues) obtained from six patients with TBSCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of S-phase cancer cells was higher in samples with tumor invasion, and the pseudotime trajectory of cancer cells closely corresponded with the TBSCC differentiation level. We also detected higher communication intensity between certain immune cell pairs in cancer tissues than in histologically verified adjacent normal temporal bone tissues. In addition, we identified several cancer-related genes as potential diagnostic markers of TBSCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to characterize the complex heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment of TBSCC using scRNA-seq, providing new avenues for diagnosing, classifying, and treating this rare carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"244-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Margin-to-Depth of Invasion Ratio on Oncologic Outcomes in Locally Advanced Oral Cancer Treated With Surgery and Chemoradiotherapy.","authors":"Ming-Hsien Tsai, Yu-Tsai Lin, Hui-Ching Chuang, Chao-Hui Yang, Tai-Lin Huang, Hui Lu, Wen-Ling Tsai, Chih-Yen Chien, Fu-Min Fang","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00339","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the margin-to-depth of invasion ratio (MDR) in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LAOSCC) who underwent curative surgery followed by adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 422 consecutive patients with LAOSCC treated at a single institution between 2007 and 2017. MDR was defined as the ratio of the closest surgical margin (mm) to the tumor depth of invasion (mm). Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and relapse-free survival (RFS), were assessed. The optimal MDR cutoff was determined by X-tile analysis and validated using repeated k-fold cross-validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal MDR cutoff for predicting survival was 0.35. Patients with MDR ≥0.35 (high MDR, n=205) demonstrated significantly better 5-year OS (66.1% vs. 47.6%, P<0.001), CSS (77.5% vs. 57.4%, P<0.001), and RFS (71.5% vs. 53.8%, P=0.001) than those with MDR <0.35 (low MDR, n=217). In multivariate analysis, low MDR remained an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.612; P=0.005), CSS (HR, 2.028; P=0.001) and RFS (HR, 1.501; P=0.033). Among patients with adequate margins (≥5 mm), MDR retained significant prognostic value (OS, P=0.008; CSS, P=0.001; RFS, P=0.015). Cross-validation confirmed the robustness of the MDR threshold value of 0.35 across all survival endpoints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDR is an independent prognostic marker in LAOSCC treated with surgery and adjuvant CCRT. A cutoff of 0.35 effectively stratifies survival risk, even among patients with adequate surgical margins. Incorporating MDR into postoperative assessment could refine risk stratification and guide individualized follow-up and adjuvant treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun Jin Kang, Song Tar Toh, Shintaro Chiba, Clement Cheng-Hui Lin, Chan-Soon Park
{"title":"Airway Anatomy and Surgical Management in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Yun Jin Kang, Song Tar Toh, Shintaro Chiba, Clement Cheng-Hui Lin, Chan-Soon Park","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00408","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent collapse of a structurally vulnerable upper airway during sleep. Airway caliber and stability are influenced by multiple anatomical structures, including the nasal cavity, soft palate, lateral pharyngeal walls, tongue base, hyoid complex, and craniofacial skeleton. Detailed knowledge of these structures is therefore essential for rational surgical planning. This narrative review summarizes key anatomical features relevant to upper pharyngeal surgery, including nasal obstruction and the internal nasal valve, palatal musculature and parapharyngeal fat, and the lateral palatal space as a target for reconstructive palatal and lateral wall procedures. It also outlines lower pharyngeal strategies, such as genioglossus advancement, hyoid myotomy-suspension, and tongue base reduction, which address retroglossal collapse and unfavorable skeletal-soft tissue relationships. Maxillomandibular advancement and hypoglossal nerve stimulation are discussed as anatomy-driven multilevel and neuromodulatory options, respectively. Across these modalities, an anatomically grounded, phenotype-based approach is central to optimizing patient selection, reducing complications, and improving long-term surgical outcomes in OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Neonatal Deafness on Central Tonotopic Organization in Rats: an Electrophysiological Study.","authors":"Woongsang Sunwoo, Yeeun Kim","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00328","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Spatial mapping of sound frequencies along the auditory pathway is refined through sound-evoked activity during early development. However, how neonatal auditory deprivation alters this organization remains unclear. This study examined frequency-specific spatial representations in the inferior colliculus (IC) using targeted low-frequency (apical) and high-frequency (basal) cochlear stimulation, enabling direct evaluation of low-frequency pathway integrity after neonatal deafness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats (8 normal-hearing [NH] and 8 neonatally deafened [ND]) were studied. Neonatal deafness was induced by daily kanamycin injections from postnatal days 4 to 17. At 8-10 weeks of age, all animals underwent unilateral cochlear implantation with bipolar electrode pairs positioned in apical and basal cochlear regions to activate low- and high-frequency pathways. Multiunit responses were recorded from the contralateral IC using a multichannel linear electrode array. Spatial tuning curves (STCs) based on cumulative discriminability were used to assess thresholds, spread of excitation, and tonotopic precision. Spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density was quantified histologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite 48%-67% SGN loss across cochlear turns, electrically evoked auditory brainstem response thresholds and IC thresholds were comparable between groups, indicating preserved peripheral excitability. However, ND rats exhibited significantly broader STCs (P=0.002) and reduced dorsoventral separation of apical and basal best sites (1.18± 0.67 mm vs. 1.80±0.40 mm, P=0.039), reflecting degraded central tonotopic precision. The effects were most pronounced for apical (low-frequency) stimulation, consistent with the selective vulnerability of low-frequency pathways to early auditory deprivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide direct physiological evidence that early auditory experience is critical for refining frequency-organized connectivity in the auditory midbrain. The preferential degradation of apical (low-frequency) spatial tuning offers translational insights for optimizing stimulation strategies in early-onset deafness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masafumi Ueno, Makoto Hosoya, Hirotaka So, Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki, Marie N Shimanuki, Takanori Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Ozawa, Naoki Oishi
{"title":"A Marked Decrease in Speech Intelligibility Is No Longer a Major Characteristic of Vestibular Schwannoma in the Current Era.","authors":"Masafumi Ueno, Makoto Hosoya, Hirotaka So, Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki, Marie N Shimanuki, Takanori Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Ozawa, Naoki Oishi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00227","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Speech intelligibility is reported to be markedly decreased in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS); however, the relationship between speech intelligibility and hearing level remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We created scatter plots of pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds and speech discrimination scores for 473 patients with sporadic, unilateral VS. Simple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and compared with data from 173 patients with asymmetric cochlear hearing loss, including the proportion of patients with unserviceable speech intelligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In VS patients, speech discrimination score and PTA threshold showed a strong correlation on the affected side, regardless of Koos grade or audiogram shape. The distribution was largely similar to that in asymmetric cochlear hearing loss. Although the proportion of patients with unserviceable speech discrimination was higher for VS than for asymmetric cochlear hearing loss across all hearing levels, the difference was statistically significant only in severe hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When adjusted for hearing level, markedly decreased speech discrimination is no longer a characteristic feature of VS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doeon Gu, Joonho Shim, Soo Yoon Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Da-Yong Shin, Hyun-Tae Shin, Nayeon Choi, Woong-Yang Park, Man Ki Chung, Sung Yong Choi
{"title":"Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Infected Epithelial Cells and FBLN1-Positive Fibroreticular Cells Govern the Immunogenic Tumor Microenvironment in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Doeon Gu, Joonho Shim, Soo Yoon Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Da-Yong Shin, Hyun-Tae Shin, Nayeon Choi, Woong-Yang Park, Man Ki Chung, Sung Yong Choi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00282","DOIUrl":"10.21053/ceo.2025-00282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) exhibits distinct clinical behaviors according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status. HPV-associated OPSCC is typically associated with a more favorable prognosis and improved response to therapy than non-HPV-associated OPSCC; however, the underlying differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate cellular and molecular factors associated with improved outcomes in HPV-associated OPSCC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics on samples from two non-HPV-associated OPSCCs, five HPV-associated OPSCCs, and three normal tonsils, with a particular focus on fibroreticular cells (FRCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct FRC subsets were identified, with FBLN1-positive FRCs significantly enriched in HPV-associated OPSCC. These cells expressed SLIT2, a molecule implicated in immune cell recruitment. Spatial mapping demonstrated that FBLN1-positive FRCs were closely associated with both tumor and immune cells, suggesting a role in promoting an immunogenic TME. In addition, HPV-associated OPSCC exhibited higher levels of proliferating epithelial cells and increased expression of antigen-presentation genes than non-HPV-associated tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential role of FBLN1-positive FRCs in promoting immune activation within the TME of HPV-associated OPSCC. Enhanced antigen presentation and epithelial proliferation may facilitate tumor-immune interactions, potentially contributing to improved clinical outcomes. This study advances understanding of TME dynamics in OPSCC and may inform future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":" ","pages":"305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}