Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy Versus Coblation for the Treatment of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: A Clinical Trial.","authors":"Hyung Gu Kim,&nbsp;Dong Su Kim,&nbsp;Yeon Sik Choi,&nbsp;Eun-Seol Lee,&nbsp;Hye-Jin Yoo,&nbsp;Dong-Young Kim","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy with coblation for the treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 20 patients underwent inferior turbinate surgery, which consisted of either HIFU or coblation therapy. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability were evaluated by subjective symptom scores, acoustic rhinometry, and nasal endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The modified nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score and nasal obstruction visual analog scale (NO-VAS) significantly decreased in both groups 12 weeks postoperatively. The between-group differences in the evaluation scores were not statistically significant. On nasal endoscopy, the HIFU patients showed improvements in mucosal swelling sooner than the patients undergoing coblation therapy. Nasal crusting significantly increased in the patients undergoing coblation compared to the patients undergoing HIFU therapy until postoperative week 4. Mucosal preservation was superior in the HIFU patients. Although HIFU was less painful than coblation therapy during the procedure, the difference was not significant (4.9 vs. 6.3, P=0.143). The difference in global satisfaction between the two groups was not statistically significant, although satisfaction was slightly higher among the HIFU patients than among the coblation patients (4.6 vs. 4.1, P=0.393).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIFU provided results similar to those of coblation therapy for patients with nasal obstruction due to ITH, but HIFU therapy caused less discomfort during the procedure. HIFU therapy appears to be a good noninvasive alternative to the current surgical modalities for ITH.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/01/ceo-2022-01312.PMC10208856.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9894340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Hearing Loss Among Older Adults in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study: A Community-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study With an 8-Year Follow-up.","authors":"Kyoung Ho Oh,&nbsp;Hyunsan Cho,&nbsp;Seung Ku Lee,&nbsp;Chol Shin,&nbsp;June Choi","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the 8-year incidence and progression of hearing loss (HL) and its types and examined the risk factors for changes in HL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), an ongoing, prospective, community-based cohort study that has been conducted since 2001. Altogether, 1,890 residents of urban areas in Korea aged 45-75 years at time 1 (baseline) were included in the study. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) testing was performed twice, at time 1 (2008-2009) and time 2 (2015-2018, follow-up), 8 years apart. HL grades were defined as seven mutually exclusive categories following the revised World Health Organization classification. Incidence was defined as PTA >20 dB HL in the better ear at time 2 among those without HL at time 1. Progression was defined as the progressive deterioration of HL among those with HL at time 1. The three types of HL constituted sensorineural (SNHL), conductive, and mixed HL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At time 1, 36.40% of patients were diagnosed with HL, which increased to 51.64% at time 2. The 8-year incidence of HL was 27.20%, and progressive deterioration of HL occurred in 23.11% of those with HL. SNHL was the most common type of HL, and its prevalence markedly increased at time 2. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the incidence of HL was significantly associated with increasing age, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.81), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.96). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor for HL deterioration among those with HL at time 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence and deterioration of HL were extremely high among older adults, and age was the strongest risk factor for these changes. Therefore, timely screening and intervention are necessary to prevent HL and delay its deterioration among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/c8/ceo-2022-01557.PMC10208849.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9524918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Endoscopic Tympanoplasty for Large Perforations: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in South Korea.","authors":"Sung-Won Choi,&nbsp;Il Joon Moon,&nbsp;Ji Eun Choi,&nbsp;Woo Seok Kang,&nbsp;In Seok Moon,&nbsp;Soo-Keun Kong,&nbsp;Hyong Ho Cho,&nbsp;Il-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Jong Woo Chung,&nbsp;Dong Gu Hur,&nbsp;Jong Dae Lee","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET) provides minimally invasive transcanal access to the middle ear and improves middle ear visibility for the treatment of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. However, the literature on surgical outcomes for large TM perforations is lacking and limited to small series. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits of ET for large TM perforations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at nine tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea, where 252 patients who underwent ET as primary surgery from September 2019 to August 2021 were included. The outcome measures included the graft success rate and pre- and postoperative audiometric data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 239 patients, the graft success rate of ET for large or subtotal perforations was 86.2% (206 patients), while the graft failure rate was 13.8% (33 patients). The graft failure rate was directly correlated with surgical techniques, including overlay and medial or lateral underlay tympanoplasty (P=0.027). Lateral underlay tympanoplasty showed the most favorable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sex, laterality, etiology, site and size of perforation, operation time, and graft materials did not vary significantly between the graft success and failure groups (P>0.05). The mean air-bone gap (ABG) improved significantly in both groups (graft success group: 10.0±0.6 dB and graft failure group: 7.7±0.3 dB; P<0.001). However, the ABG improvement did not significantly differ between the groups. Analysis of covariance revealed that the postoperative 500-Hz bone conduction threshold improved after successful ET (adjusted coefficient, -11.351; 95% confidence interval, -21.491 to -1.212; P=0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study involved the largest population to date of large TM perforations treated by ET. The study findings suggest that ET is feasible and effective in treating large TM perforations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/74/ceo-2022-01599.PMC10208857.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L14 Promotes Cell Growth and Invasion by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species in Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Hae Jong Kim,&nbsp;Quoc Khanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Seung-Nam Jung,&nbsp;Mi Ae Lim,&nbsp;Chan Oh,&nbsp;Yudan Piao,&nbsp;YanLi Jin,&nbsp;Ju-Hui Kim,&nbsp;Young Il Kim,&nbsp;Yea Eun Kang,&nbsp;Jae Won Chang,&nbsp;Ho-Ryun Won,&nbsp;Bon Seok Koo","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The mitochondrial ribosomal protein L14 (MRPL14) is encoded by a nuclear gene and participates in mitochondrial protein translation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MRPL14 in thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the association between MRPL14 expression and clinicopathological features using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chungnam National University Hospital (CNUH) databases. Functional studies of MRPL14, including proliferation, migration, invasion, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, were performed in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines (B-CPAP and KTC-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the TCGA dataset, PTC tissues lost mitochondrial integrity and showed dysregulated expression of overall mitoribosomal proteins (MRPs) compared with normal thyroid tissues. Of 78 MRPs, MRPL14 was highly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues. MRPL14 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. MRPL14 increased cell proliferation of thyroid cancer and promoted cell migration via epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Moreover, MRPL14 knockdown reduced the expression of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV (MTCO1) and increased the accumulation of ROS. Cotreatment with a ROS scavenger restored cell proliferation and migration, which had been reduced by MRPL14 knockdown, implying that ROS functions as a key regulator of the oncogenic effects of MRPL14 in thyroid cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that MRPL14 may promote cell growth, migration, and invasion by modulating ROS in thyroid cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/04/ceo-2022-01760.PMC10208851.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Characterization of mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles in Age-Related Hearing Loss.","authors":"Janghyun Kim,&nbsp;Bora Lee,&nbsp;Sungsu Lee,&nbsp;Joon-Tae Kim,&nbsp;Byeong C Kim,&nbsp;Hyong-Ho Cho","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, is caused by disorders of sensory hair cells and auditory neurons. Many studies have suggested that the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage, the production of reactive oxygen species, noise, inflammation, and decreased antioxidant function are associated with subsequent cochlear senescence in response to aging stress. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported to play important roles in various diseases. However, the function of lncRNA in ARHL remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the common expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA) and lncRNA through ARHL-related RNA-sequencing datasets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected and downloaded three different sets of RNA-sequencing data for ARHL. We performed differential expression analysis to find common mRNA and lncRNA profiles in the cochleae of aged mice compared to young mice. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used for functional exploration. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate mRNAs and lncRNAs. In addition, we performed trans target prediction analysis with differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs to understand the function of these mRNAs and lncRNAs in ARHL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 112 common mRNAs and 10 common lncRNAs in the cochleae of aged mice compared to young mice. GO analysis showed that the 112 upregulated mRNAs were enriched in the defense response pathway. When we performed qRT-PCR with 1 mM H2O2-treated House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells, the qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>were consistent with the RNA-sequencing analysis data. lncRNA-mRNA networks were constructed using the 10 common lncRNAs and 112 common mRNAs in ARHL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the common mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in ARHL. Knowledge of ARHL-associated mRNAs and lncRNAs could be useful for better understanding ARHL and these mRNAs and lncRNAs might be a potential therapeutic target for preventing ARHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/86/ceo-2022-01235.PMC10208853.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Non-coding RNAs in Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear.","authors":"Dongliang Liu,&nbsp;Hang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiulan Ma,&nbsp;Yaodong Dong","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is a common disease in otolaryngology that is receiving increasing attention. It is estimated that over five million people around the world have suffered from middle ear cholesteatoma. The annual incidence of middle ear cholesteatoma has been reported to be 9.2 per 100,000 in adults and 3 per 100,000 in children. Without timely discovery and intervention, cholesteatomas can become perilously large and damage intratemporal structures, causing various intracranial and extracranial complications. No practical nonsurgical treatments are currently available. Although multiple hypotheses exist, research directions have consistently focused on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and bone destruction. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have recently received increasing attention because of their key roles in gene expression, cell cycle regulation, and the development of many diseases. Although ncRNAs are not involved in protein translation, they are abundant in the genome, with only approximately 2% of genes encoding proteins and the remaining approximately 98% encoding ncRNAs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the specific role of ncRNAs in middle ear cholesteatoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/dc/ceo-2022-01319.PMC10208852.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Systemic Inflammatory Markers Based on Blood Cells and Polysomnographic Factors in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Minju Kim,&nbsp;Sung-Woo Cho,&nbsp;Tae-Bin Won,&nbsp;Chae-Seo Rhee,&nbsp;Jeong-Whun Kim","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Systemic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, easy-to-use methods to evaluate the severity of systemic inflammation have yet to be developed. This study investigated the association between systemic inflammation markers that could be derived from the complete blood count (CBC) profile and sleep parameters in a large number of patients with OSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who visited our hospital's Otorhinolaryngology Sleep Clinic between January 2017 and April 2022 underwent polysomnography and routine laboratory tests, including a CBC. Associations between three systemic inflammatory markers-the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)-and polysomnographic and demographic factors including age, sex, body mass index, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the hypopnea index (HI), lowest oxygen saturation (%), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and percentages of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage 3, REM sleep, and snoring time were analyzed. The inflammation markers were compared among OSA subgroups, and associations were also analyzed in subgroups with different OSA severities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,102 patients (968 men and 134 women) were included, and their mean AHI was 33.0±24.3. PSQI was significantly associated with SII (P=0.027). No independent significant factors were identified for the NLR or PLR. Within the simple snoring and mild OSA subgroups, no significant association was found between sleep parameters and the SII. In the severe OSA subgroup, the AHI (P=0.004) and PSQI (P=0.012) were independently associated with the SII.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study analyzed systemic inflammatory markers based on the CBC, a simple, relatively cost-effective test, and showed that the AHI and SII were significantly correlated only in the severe OSA subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/66/ceo-2022-01368.PMC10208855.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9576594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Esophageal Reconstruction via Bioreactor Cultivation of a Synthetic Scaffold in a Canine Model.","authors":"In Gul Kim,&nbsp;Yanru Wu,&nbsp;Su A Park,&nbsp;Ji Suk Choi,&nbsp;Seong Keun Kwon,&nbsp;Seung Hong Choi,&nbsp;Kyeong Cheon Jung,&nbsp;Jung-Woog Shin,&nbsp;Eun-Jae Chung","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.01522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.01522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Using tissue-engineered materials for esophageal reconstruction is a technically challenging task in animals that requires bioreactor training to enhance cellular reactivity. There have been many attempts at esophageal tissue engineering, but the success rate has been limited due to difficulty in initial epithelialization in the special environment of peristalsis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of an artificial esophagus that can enhance the regeneration of esophageal mucosa and muscle through the optimal combination of a double-layered polymeric scaffold and a custom-designed mesenchymal stem cell-based bioreactor system in a canine model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We fabricated a novel double-layered scaffold as a tissue-engineered esophagus using an electrospinning technique. Prior to transplantation, human-derived mesenchymal stem cells were seeded into the lumen of the scaffold, and bioreactor cultivation was performed to enhance cellular reactivity. After 3 days of cultivation using the bioreactor system, tissue-engineered artificial esophagus was transplanted into a partial esophageal defect (5×3 cm-long resection) in a canine model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the electrospun fibers in a tubular scaffold were randomly and circumferentially located toward the inner and outer surfaces. Complete recovery of the esophageal mucosa was confirmed by endoscopic analysis and SEM. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and computed tomography also showed that there were no signs of leakage or stricture and that there was a normal lumen with complete epithelialization. Significant regeneration of the mucosal layer was observed by keratin-5 immunostaining. Alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining showed significantly greater esophageal muscle regeneration at 12 months than at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Custom-designed bioreactor cultured electrospun polyurethane scaffolds can be a promising approach for esophageal tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/25/ceo-2022-01522.PMC10208848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghrelin Downregulates Lipopolysaccharide/ Leptin-Induced MUC5AC Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.","authors":"Yoon Seok Choi,&nbsp;Hyung Gyun Na,&nbsp;Chang Hoon Bae,&nbsp;Si-Youn Song,&nbsp;Yong-Dae Kim","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.00857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.00857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity, which induces chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in the human body, is a known risk factor for various diseases. Recent studies have shown associations between various otorhinolaryngological diseases and obesity. In particular, inflammatory sinonasal diseases have been found to be strongly associated with obesity-related proinflammatory mediators. Many studies have been conducted to identify therapeutic agents for controlling obesity-related inflammatory airway diseases. Ghrelin, an endogenous peptide from the stomach, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in a wide range of tissues. However, the effect of ghrelin on the regulation of mucus secretion has not yet been studied in the human nasal mucosa. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/leptin-mediated MUC5AC expression and mechanisms involved in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In HNEpCs, the effect and signaling pathways of ghrelin on LPS/leptin-induced MUC5AC expression were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) was expressed in the HNEpCs. Ghrelin downregulated LPS/leptin-induced MUC5AC expression, which was abolished by D-Lys-3-growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (D-Lys-3-GHRP-6). Ghrelin significantly inhibited LPS/leptin-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These ghrelin-mediated changes in MAPK activation were abolished by D-Lys-3-GHRP-6. These.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>showed that ghrelin inhibits LPS/leptin-induced MUC5AC overexpression by modulating the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways in HNEpCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that ghrelin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating obesity-related inflammatory sinonasal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/67/ceo-2022-00857.PMC9985985.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10842432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue Reduction Surgery Improves Mandibular Prognathism in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Without Compromising Tongue Function.","authors":"Dowon Kim,&nbsp;Jeong Kyou Kim,&nbsp;Gene Huh,&nbsp;Doh Young Lee,&nbsp;Seong Keun Kwon","doi":"10.21053/ceo.2022.00976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022.00976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the surgical outcomes of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who underwent tongue-reduction surgery and analyzed whether the malocclusion and mandibular prognathism caused by macroglossia could be improved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective medical record review was performed for 11 patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome whose macroglossia was surgically treated. Demographic data, symptoms and signs, and intraoperative and postoperative surgical outcomes were evaluated. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon using the \"keyhole\" technique, involving midline elliptical excision and anterior wedge resection. Preoperative and postoperative plain skull lateral X-rays were evaluated to assess prognathism improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at the time of surgery was 35.09 months, and the ratio of males to females was 4:7. The median surgical time was 98±31.45 minutes, and the median duration of the postoperative intensive care unit stay was 3.81±2.4 days. There were no airway complications. Two patients (18.2%) had postoperative wound dehiscence; however, there was no nerve damage, recurrence, or other complications. Among the five patients who underwent postoperative speech evaluation, all showed normal speech development, except one patient who had brain dysfunction and developmental delay. Measurements of the A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angles and sella-nasion-B point (SNB) angles (point A is the most concave point of the anterior maxilla; point B is the most concave point on the mandibular symphysis) on plain X-rays showed a significant decrease in the postoperative SNB angle (P <0.001) and a significant increase in the ANB angle (P <0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tongue-reduction surgery is an effective and safe technique for severe forms of macroglossia associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In addition, it improves mandibular prognathism in young Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patients with macroglossia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10318,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/a8/ceo-2022-00976.PMC9985990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10850101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}